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E-raamat: Ecosystem Services - Concept, Methods and Case Studies

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  • Sari: Earth and Environmental Science
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-May-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662441435
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Earth and Environmental Science
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-May-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662441435

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Nature provides us with many services seemingly for free: recharged groundwater, fertile soil and plant biomass created by photosynthesis. We human beings draw extensive benefits from these ecosystem services, or ES food, water supply, recreation and protection from natural hazards. Major international studies, such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, have addressed the enormous role of biodiversity and ecosystems to human well-being, and they draw particular attention to the consequences resulting from the reduction or loss of these services. These very topical issues are being addressed by authors/scientists in a wide variety of disciplines and their approaches, terminologies and methodological specifics are just as diverse. What, for example, does the efficacy of nature or natural capital mean? Which values of nature are particularly important, how are they distributed in space and time and how can they be assessed and the relevant knowledge promoted? Can all ecosystem serv

ices be quantified and even monetarised? What should be done to ensure that the multiple services of nature will be available also in future? This book explains the multifaceted concept of ecosystem services, provides a methodological framework for its analysis and assessment, and discusses case examples, particularly from Germany. It is addressed to scientists and practitioners in the administrative, volunteer and professional spheres, especially those who deal with environment, landscape management and nature conservation and regional and land-use planning. The target group includes experts from the business community, politicians and decision makers, students and all those interested in fundamental ecological, economic, ethical and environmental issues.

Ecosystem Services (ES): More than Just a Vogue Term .- Development and Fundamentals of the ES-Approach.- Conceptual Framework.- Ascertainment and Assessment of ES.- Governing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Provision.- Land Use, Maintenance and Protection to Ensure ES.- Recommendations and Outlook.- References.- Index.
1 Ecosystem Services (ES): More than Just a Vogue Term?
1(12)
2 Development and Fundamentals of the ES Approach
13(22)
2.1 Key Terms
14(5)
2.2 ES in Retrospect
19(6)
2.3 Values and Services of Nature for Humans
25(10)
References
31(4)
3 Conceptual Framework
35(40)
3.1 Properties, Potentials and Services of Ecosystems
36(9)
3.1.1 The Cascade Model in the TEEB Study
36(1)
3.1.2 The EPPS Framework
36(8)
3.1.3 The Application of the EPPS Framework--The Example `Mountain Meadow'
44(1)
3.2 Classification of ES
45(8)
3.2.1 Introduction
45(1)
3.2.2 Provisioning Services
46(1)
3.2.3 Regulation Services
46(1)
3.2.4 Sociocultural Services
46(3)
3.2.5 Additional Classification Aspects
49(4)
3.3 Space and Time Aspects of ES
53(12)
3.3.1 Fundamentals, Control Scheme
53(6)
3.3.2 Case Study: EU-Water Framework Directive (WFD) and ES
59(6)
3.4 Landscape Services
65(10)
References
69(6)
4 Ascertainment and Assessment of ES
75(70)
4.1 Indicators and Quantification Approaches
76(9)
4.1.1 Introduction
76(1)
4.1.2 Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand Assessment at the Landscape Scale--the `Matrix'
77(5)
4.1.3 Conclusions and Outlook
82(3)
4.2 Approaches to the Economic Valuation of Natural Assets
85(19)
4.2.1 Principles of Economic Valuation
85(5)
4.2.2 The Total Economic Value
90(1)
4.2.3 Valuation Methods and Techniques
91(12)
4.2.4 Conclusion
103(1)
4.3 Scenario-Development and Participative Methods
104(6)
4.3.1 Basics and Fields of Application
104(1)
4.3.2 Framework of Scenario Development
105(3)
4.3.3 Participation and the Case Study Gorlitz
108(2)
4.4 Complex Analyses, Evaluation and Modelling of ES
110(16)
4.4.1 Background
110(2)
4.4.2 Energy Crop Production--A Complex Problem for Assessing ES
112(6)
4.4.3 Application of Models of InVEST to Assess Ecosystem Services
118(8)
4.5 Communicating ES
126(19)
4.5.1 The Importance of Communication
126(1)
4.5.2 `Ecosystem Services' as an Umbrella Term for Communicative Intent
127(1)
4.5.3 Government and the Market Instead of Communications?
128(1)
4.5.4 Communications Efforts as an Approach to the Shaping of Environmental Sciences
129(7)
References
136(9)
5 Governing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Provision
145(40)
5.1 Policy Mixes for Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Service Management
146(9)
5.1.1 Why Use a Policy Mix?
146(1)
5.1.2 A Well-Equipped Toolbox of Policy Instruments
147(1)
5.1.3 Assessing Instruments for Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Service Management in Policy Mixes
148(7)
5.2 Selected Financial Mechanisms: Payments for Ecosystem Services and Ecological Fiscal Transfers
155(10)
5.2.1 Payments for Ecosystem Services
156(4)
5.2.2 Ecological Fiscal Transfers
160(5)
5.3 Integrating the Concept of Ecosystem Services into Landscape Planning
165(7)
5.3.1 Linking Ecosystem Services with the Landscape Plan
166(1)
5.3.2 Implementation in Practice--Testing the Example of the Service `Erosion Protection'
167(5)
5.4 Governance in Nature Conservation
172(13)
5.4.1 Governance and Protection of Biodiversity
172(1)
5.4.2 The Project GEM-CON-BIO
173(7)
References
180(5)
6 Land Use, Maintenance and Protection to Ensure ES
185(108)
6.1 Concept for the Selection of Case Studies
187(2)
6.2 Assessment of Selected Services of Agro-Ecosystems
189(19)
6.2.1 Introduction
189(1)
6.2.2 Agri-Environmental Measures: The AEMBAC Methodology
189(7)
6.2.3 Agro-economic Evaluation of Landscape Plans
196(4)
6.2.4 Species-Rich Grassland Services
200(8)
6.3 Economic Benefit Valuation of the Influence of a Forest Conversion Programme on Ecosystem Services in the Northeastern Lowlands of Germany
208(8)
6.3.1 Introduction
208(1)
6.3.2 Raw Wood Production
209(2)
6.3.3 Carbon Sequestration
211(1)
6.3.4 Scenic Beauty and Recreation Values
212(1)
6.3.5 Synopsis and Discussion
213(3)
6.4 Urban Ecosystem Services: Leipzig as a Case Study
216(8)
6.4.1 Urban Ecosystem Services and Urban Land Use: A Complex Nexus
217(1)
6.4.2 An Example of Local Climate Regulation
218(1)
6.4.3 An Example of Flood Regulation
218(2)
6.4.4 An Example of Carbon Sequestration in the Urban Area--Reducing the Ecological Backpack of the City?
220(1)
6.4.5 An Example of the Recreational and Nature Experience
221(3)
6.5 Cultural Landscapes and their Ecosystem Services
224(16)
6.5.1 The Example of Orchard Meadows in the Swabian Alb Biosphere Reserve
224(7)
6.5.2 Calculation of Landscape Management Measures and Costs
231(9)
6.6 Specific Nature Protection and Development Strategies
240(40)
6.6.1 Nature Conservation and Ecosystem Services
240(18)
6.6.2 Soil and Water Protection
258(6)
6.6.3 Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services--The Case of Wetland Restoration Along the German Elbe River
264(9)
6.6.4 Peatland Use in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany: Monetarization of the Ecosystem Service Climate Protection
273(7)
6.7 Systematisation of the Case Studies
280(13)
References
283(10)
7 Recommendations and Outlook
293(14)
7.1 Work Steps for the Analysis and Evaluation of ES
294(5)
7.2 Future Challenges Regarding ES
299(8)
References
304(3)
Index 307
Karsten Grunewald and Olaf Bastian have for many years been investigating the complex interactions between nature and society in central Europe, from a perspective of environmentally referenced landscape research and have developed theoretical fundamentals and practical approaches for the complex analysis and evaluation of landscape functions and ecosystem services. For this book, they have been able to recruit renowned authors from the areas of landscape ecology/landscape planning, economics and social sciences, who have provided a competent integrative and holistic perspective on the possibilities of the evaluation of nature with regard to human well-being.