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E-raamat: Effectiveness of Policy Instruments for Energy-Efficiency Improvement in Firms: The Dutch Experience

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Effectiveness of Policy Instruments for Energy-Efficiency Improvement in Firms: The Dutch ExperienceSuurem pilt
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How can governments stimulate energy-efficiency improvement? This book analyzes environmental policy in the Netherlands to present a wealth of empirical results on the successes and failures of governmental initiatives in environmental policy. Discussion extends to such topics as free-rider effects of subsidies, the credibility of voluntary agreements, the art of regulation and the fate of research & development money.

The Netherlands and some neighbouring countries in Europe have implemented a variety of policy instruments since 1990. These include investment subsidies, voluntary agreements on energy-efficiency, direct regulation and taxes. How effective are these measures This book presents improved theoretical insight in the investment behaviour of firms, and moreover it provides a wealth of empirical results on the effectiveness of policy instruments. It discusses issues such as free-rider effects of subsidies, the credibility of voluntary agreements, the art of regulation and the fate of RandD money. It tells stories of success, but also stories of failure.
List of Figures
ix
List of Boxes
xi
Introduction
1(8)
Aim of the research
1(1)
Policy instruments for energy-efficiency improvement
2(1)
The characterisation of policy instruments
3(2)
Disciplinary approaches
5(2)
Outline
7(2)
A Framework for Analysing the Adoption of Energy-Efficient Technologies
9(22)
Introduction
9(2)
The net-present-value framework
11(5)
The basic framework
11(3)
Hidden initial investment costs
14(1)
Hidden annual costs
14(1)
Hidden annual savings
15(1)
Extensions of the standard framework
16(11)
Information as a precondition
16(1)
Capital as a precondition
17(1)
Uncertainty and the option value of waiting
18(5)
Non-rational behaviour
23(1)
Complementarities among technologies and network externalities
24(1)
Learning and the dynamic evolution of technological performance
25(1)
Vested interests, resistance to technology adoption and the distribution of benefits
26(1)
Evaluation and conclusion
27(4)
Subsidising the Adoption of Energy-Efficient Technologies: An Empirical Analysis of the Free-Rider Effect
31(20)
Introduction
31(2)
Literature review
33(2)
The approach used
35(2)
Description of the data
37(6)
Results
43(2)
Cost-effectiveness of subsidies
45(1)
Conclusions
46(5)
Energy-Efficiency Standards
51(20)
Introduction
51(1)
Categorisation of regulatory instruments for industrial energy conservation
52(2)
Energy-efficiency standards for firms worldwide
54(1)
Guiding principles to fix standards
55(7)
Technological criteria
56(2)
Environmental performance-based criteria
58(1)
Economic criteria
58(2)
The effect of the application of various best-practice concepts
60(2)
The effectiveness of energy-efficiency standards: methodological issues
62(3)
A case study on the effectiveness of energy-efficiency standards in the Netherlands
65(5)
Methodology
66(1)
Results of the survey
66(4)
Conclusion
70(1)
Negotiated Agreements
71(26)
Introduction
71(1)
The Long-Term Agreements in the Netherlands: Institutional aspects, measures and goals
71(6)
The mechanisms: how do negotiated agreements work?
77(1)
Goal achievement in negotiated agreements on energy efficiency
78(7)
Effectiveness of Long-Term Agreements
85(7)
The cost-effectiveness of voluntary agreements
92(3)
Recommendations on negotiated agreements
95(2)
Government Intervention Strategies in Stimulating the R&D of Energy-Efficient Technologies
97(30)
Industrial energy-efficiency improvement in the long term
97(4)
Innovative industrial energy-efficient technologies
101(15)
Four technology case studies
101(9)
Networks
110(1)
Materialisation
111(2)
Promising performance characteristics and the technology networks' momentum
113(3)
Government intervention strategies
116(4)
Conclusions
120(7)
Instrument Choice and Energy - Efficiency Improvement by Firms: An Empirical Analysis
127(24)
Introduction
127(1)
The survey
128(3)
Investment behaviour and barriers to investment
131(10)
Responsiveness to policy changes
141(4)
Attitudes towards environmental policy
145(3)
Conclusions
148(3)
Policy Instruments for Technology Adoption: A Model for Analysing the Diffusion of Energy-Efficient Technologies
151(18)
Introduction
151(1)
The basis-diffusion curve
152(4)
A three-phase diffusion model
153(2)
Quantifying the basis diffusion curve
155(1)
A description of the full-fledged model
156(8)
Accounting for `other' factors: incorporating driving forces
156(3)
Quantifying driving forces
159(1)
The impact of driving forces on the basis diffusion curve
160(1)
Summary of the MEI-energy model
161(3)
Some first analyses
164(2)
Conclusions
166(3)
Conclusions
169(10)
The adoption and development of energy-efficient technologies in firms
169(2)
Policy instruments -- applicability and effectiveness
171(4)
Further work
175(4)
References 179(9)
Appendix I 188(1)
Appendix II 189(2)
Index 191


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