| CONTENTS |
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| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT |
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| SUMMARY |
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xi | |
| 1 INTRODUCTION |
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1 | (8) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (3) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Agriculture in Egypt |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Water resources of Egypt |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.4 Objectives of the research |
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6 | (1) |
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1.5 Set-up of this document |
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7 | (2) |
| 2 FIELD IRRIGATION METHODS |
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9 | (14) |
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9 | (6) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (3) |
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2.2 Sub-surface irrigation |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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2.5 Selection of field irrigation method |
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18 | (5) |
| 3 SURGE FLOW IRRIGATION |
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23 | (14) |
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23 | (1) |
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3.2 Surge flow irrigation equipment |
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24 | (3) |
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3.3 Surge flow irrigation characteristics |
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27 | (1) |
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3.4 Management of surge flow irrigation |
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27 | (7) |
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3.4.1 Factors which have the greatest effect on surge flow irrigation |
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28 | (4) |
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3.4.2 Factors which have little effect on surge flow irrigation |
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32 | (2) |
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3.5 Applicability of surge flow irrigation |
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34 | (1) |
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3.6 Advantages of surge flow irrigation |
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34 | (2) |
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3.7 Disadvantages of surge flow irrigation |
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36 | (1) |
| 4 PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SURGE FLOW IRRIGATION |
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37 | (6) |
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4.1 Infiltration under surge flow irrigation |
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37 | (4) |
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37 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Cracks refilling and higher furrow-bottom densities |
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38 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Redistribution of infiltrated water |
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39 | (1) |
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4.1.4 Deposition of suspended sediment |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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4.2 Effect of Hysteresis on surge flow irrigation |
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41 | (1) |
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4.3 Soil physical properties evaluation under surge flow irrigation |
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42 | (1) |
| 5 MODELS |
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43 | (18) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (4) |
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5.3 Models based on the de Saint-Venant Equations |
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47 | (14) |
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48 | (4) |
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52 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Kinematic-wave model |
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52 | (1) |
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5.3.4 The numerical solution for the hydrodynamic model |
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52 | (9) |
| 6 APPLYING SURGE FLOW IRRIGATION UNDER SHORT FIELD CONDITIONS |
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61 | (46) |
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61 | (1) |
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6.2 Experiments conducted under Netherlands conditions |
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61 | (4) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Treatment selection |
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64 | (1) |
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6.3 Experiments conducted under Egyptian conditions |
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65 | (5) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (4) |
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6.4 Results and discussion |
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70 | (37) |
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70 | (24) |
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6.4.2 Effect of second and third irrigation under the Netherlands conditions |
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94 | (13) |
| 7 EVALUATION OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS AND MODEL SIMULATIONS. |
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107 | (32) |
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7.1 The agronomic water balance |
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107 | (1) |
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7.2 Performance criteria to evaluate surface irrigation systems |
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108 | (4) |
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7.3 Integration of the performance indicators |
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112 | (1) |
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7.4 Evaluating investigated parameters |
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113 | (26) |
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113 | (7) |
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7.4.2 Evaluation of second and third irrigation |
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120 | (2) |
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7.4.3 Evaluation of model simulations |
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122 | (17) |
| 8 CROP PRODUCTION UNDER SURGE FLOW IRRIGATION |
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139 | (10) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (2) |
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8.4 Results and discussion |
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142 | (7) |
| 9 EVALUATION |
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149 | (6) |
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149 | (2) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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9.1.4 Slope configuration |
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151 | (1) |
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9.1.5 Subsequent irrigation events |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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9.4 Environmental impacts |
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152 | (1) |
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9.5 Constraints of the study |
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153 | (2) |
| REFERENCES |
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155 | (10) |
| APPENDIX A |
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165 | (4) |
| APPENDIX B |
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169 | (18) |
| APPENDIX C |
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187 | (12) |
| APPENDIX D |
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199 | (6) |
| APPENDIX E |
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205 | (20) |
| APPENDIX F |
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225 | (4) |
| GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS |
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229 | (8) |
| LIST OF SYMBOLS |
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237 | (2) |
| SAMENVATTING |
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239 | (4) |
| CURRICULUM VITAE |
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243 | |