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E-raamat: Einstein Was Right!

(University of Illinois, Urbana, USA)
  • Formaat: 220 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Oct-2014
  • Kirjastus: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9789814463706
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  • Raamatukogudele
  • Formaat: 220 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Oct-2014
  • Kirjastus: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9789814463706

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All modern books on Einstein emphasize the genius of his relativity theory and the corresponding corrections and extensions of the ancient space–time concept. However, Einstein’s opposition to the use of probability in the laws of nature and particularly in the laws of quantum mechanics is criticized and often portrayed as outdated.

The author of Einstein Was Right! takes a unique view and shows that Einstein created a "Trojan horse" ready to unleash forces against the use of probability as a basis for the laws of nature. Einstein warned that the use of probability would, in the final analysis, lead to spooky actions and mysterious instantaneous influences at a distance. John Bell pulled Einstein’s Trojan horse into the castle of physics. He developed a theory that together with experimental results of Aspect, Zeilinger, and others "proves" the existence of quantum nonlocalities, or instantaneous influences. These have indeed the nature of what Einstein labeled spooky.

Einstein Was Right! shows that Bell was not aware of the special role that time and space–time play in any rigorous probability theory. As a consequence, his formalism is not general enough to be applied to the Aspect–Zeilinger type of experiments and his conclusions about the existence of instantaneous influences at a distance are incorrect. This fact suggests a worldview that is less optimistic about claims that teleportation and influences at a distance could open new horizons and provide the possibility of quantum computing. On the positive side, however, and as compensation, we are assured that the space–time picture of humankind developed over millions of years and perfected by Einstein is still able to cope with the phenomena that nature presents us on the atomic and sub-atomic level and that the "quantum weirdness" may be explainable and understandable after all.

Arvustused

"Professor Hess was the first (with Prof. Walter Philipp) who proposed to treat time as a kind of hidden variable and criticized the frequentist proofs of the Bell inequality. And this excellent book is about Hesss position, about stormy debates in which he actively participated during the Växjö series of conferences on reconsideration of quantum foundations. This book is about intriguing and still unsolved problems in the foundations of quantum mechanics as well as about its great future, its future beyond the Copenhagenian prison."

Prof. Andrei Khrennikov, Linnaeus University, Sweden

"This book is indispensable to anyone who is interested in knowing how paradoxes in physics are created, cultivated, and resolved. It paves the way for the demystification of the alleged mysteries of quantum physics."

Prof. Hans De Raedt, University of Groningen, the Netherlands

"This book describes in an empathic way the clash between two great minds in science. Did Bell definitely change the way we should look at nature, or was Einstein right after all? The author makes a convincing case."

Prof. Theo Nieuwenhuizen, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands

"We often hear that experiments have revealed unmistakable violations of the Bell inequalities and, therefore, that nature allows instantaneous influence over long distances. In Einstein Was Right! Karl Hess convincingly shows that both claims are overstated. This happy blend of solid science, accessible prose, and personal recollections summarizes 15 years of research and debate with colleagues, collaborators, and opponents."

Prof. Louis Marchildon, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada

"Many books on this topic tend to either lose the reader in a mathematical maze or paint a picture with the broadest brushstrokes possible. Hess manages to strike an incredible balance, however. From the outset he candidly states to the reader that explaining such a complex subject is rather difficult without the use of some very basic mathematics. But he doesnt fall into the trap of relying on maths wholeheartedly to express his views. He continuously engages the reader by tackling concepts many have seen popularised throughout pop culture such as teleportation and space-time." Matt Gunther, Chemistry World, February 2015 "Professor Hess was the first (with Prof. Walter Philipp) who proposed to treat time as a kind of hidden variable and criticized the frequentist proofs of the Bell inequality. And this excellent book is about Hesss position, about stormy debates in which he actively participated during the Växjö series of conferences on reconsideration of quantum foundations. This book is about intriguing and still unsolved problems in the foundations of quantum mechanics as well as about its great future, its future beyond the Copenhagenian prison."

Prof. Andrei Khrennikov, Linnaeus University, Sweden

"This book is indispensable to anyone who is interested in knowing how paradoxes in physics are created, cultivated, and resolved. It paves the way for the demystification of the alleged mysteries of quantum physics."

Prof. Hans De Raedt, University of Groningen, the Netherlands

"This book describes in an empathic way the clash between two great minds in science. Did Bell definitely change the way we should look at nature, or was Einstein right after all? The author makes a convincing case."

Prof. Theo Nieuwenhuizen, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands

"We often hear that experiments have revealed unmistakable violations of the Bell inequalities and, therefore, that nature allows instantaneous influence over long distances. In Einstein Was Right! Karl Hess convincingly shows that both claims are overstated. This happy blend of solid science, accessible prose, and personal recollections summarizes 15 years of research and debate with colleagues, collaborators, and opponents."

Prof. Louis Marchildon, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada

"Many books on this topic tend to either lose the reader in a mathematical maze or paint a picture with the broadest brushstrokes possible. Hess manages to strike an incredible balance, however. From the outset he candidly states to the reader that explaining such a complex subject is rather difficult without the use of some very basic mathematics. But he doesnt fall into the trap of relying on maths wholeheartedly to express his views. He continuously engages the reader by tackling concepts many have seen popularised throughout pop culture such as teleportation and space-time."Matt Gunther, Chemistry World, February 2015

Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 A Promising Beginning?
1(18)
1.1 Introduction
1(7)
1.2 NAS Induction
8(6)
1.3 Interdisciplinary Research at the Beckman Institute
14(5)
2 Einstein's Trojan Horse, John Bell, and Experimental Realization
19(20)
2.1 War with Bohr
20(5)
2.2 Einstein's Thought Experiment Becomes Reality
25(9)
2.2.1 Bohm's Version, Aspect, and Zeilinger Experiments
25(4)
2.2.1.1 Actual experiments by Aspect and Zeilinger
29(2)
2.2.2 Proving Einstein Right or Wrong
31(3)
2.3 Leggett's Seminar Presentation
34(5)
3 The Devil is in the Detail
39(16)
3.1 Bell's Paper
41(2)
3.2 First Suspicions about Bell's λ
43(3)
3.2.1 Generality of Bell's λ?
44(1)
3.2.2 Instrument Parameters
45(1)
3.3 Time is Special
46(9)
3.3.1 Time and Correlations
47(2)
3.3.2 Space-Time and Bell's Inequality
49(6)
4 Developing a Space-Time-Dependent Model
55(12)
4.1 Randomness of Outcomes
55(2)
4.2 Constructing Apps to Give the Quantum Result
57(4)
4.3 Time-Dependent Physical Processes
61(3)
4.4 Walter's Status Summation
64(3)
5 First Publications
67(18)
5.1 Publication in a Prestigious Journal
67(2)
5.2 Shots from the Pulpit
69(12)
5.2.1 Leggett
70(3)
5.2.2 Mermin
73(3)
5.2.3 Gill, Weihs, Zeilinger, Zukowski
76(4)
5.2.4 Myrvold
80(1)
5.3 Strategy for Further Investigations
81(4)
6 Teleportation and Quantum Computing
85(8)
6.1 The Quantum Computer
86(3)
6.2 Teleportation
89(4)
7 Space-Time, Elements of Reality, and Probability Revisited
93(28)
7.1 Space-Time
94(5)
7.2 Space-Time and Elements of Reality
99(4)
7.2.1 Einstein's Elements of Reality
99(2)
7.2.2 Bell's Elements of Reality
101(2)
7.3 Probability
103(18)
7.3.1 Probability Essentials for EPRB Experiments
103(3)
7.3.2 Kolmogorov's Probability
106(7)
7.3.3 Quantum Probability and Why Einstein Opposed It?
113(8)
8 New Friends, New Inequalities
121(8)
8.1 Vaxjo
122(1)
8.2 Jackson Hole
123(2)
8.3 New Inequalities: Vorob'ev Cyclicities
125(4)
9 Bell's Many Proofs
129(8)
9.1 Lille, Lyon, and Dr. Bertlmann's Socks
130(3)
9.2 Local Beables
133(1)
9.3 Bell's Proof and "Conjectured Sampling"
134(3)
10 Last Work with Walter
137(10)
10.1 A Close Call of Nature
138(2)
10.2 Conference in Leiden
140(2)
10.3 Back in Illinois, Packing for Hawaii
142(5)
11 Intermission
147(6)
12 A New Beginning
153(14)
12.1 Incremental Steps and Another Shot from the Pulpit
154(3)
12.2 Quantum Nonlocality or Just Uncertainty?
157(10)
12.2.1 The Uncertainty Principle and EPRB
158(3)
12.2.2 Recent Reactions
161(1)
12.2.2.1 Gerard't Hooft
161(1)
12.2.2.2 Gell-Mann, Griffiths
162(2)
12.2.3 Loopholes, Prisms, Filters, All against Nonlocalities
164(3)
13 The Inequality and Boole
167(22)
13.1 Boole's Variables, One-to-One Correspondence
168(2)
13.2 Possible Experience for Doctors
170(5)
13.3 Independent Variables, Quantum Operators, and Einstein Locality
175(2)
13.4 Macroscopic Realism
177(6)
13.5 What about Interference?
183(3)
13.6 Experimental Uncertainties
186(3)
14 Was He Right?
189(10)
14.1 Prague
190(6)
14.2 Gott Wuerfelt Nicht
196(3)
Bibliography 199(4)
Index 203
Karl Hess received a PhD in physics/mathematics from the University of Vienna in 1970. He has been a professor of both electrical engineering and physics at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign since 1980 and has held the Swanlund Chair since 1996 (emeritus 2006). Hess has received a number of national and international awards.