Preface |
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XIII | |
1 Introduction To Electromechanical Energy Conversion |
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1 | (40) |
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1.1 What is electromechanical energy conversion? |
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1 | (3) |
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1.1.1 Block diagrams of electromechanical energy conversion devices |
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1 | (2) |
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1.1.2 Left-hand and right-hand rule |
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3 | (1) |
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1.1.3 Energy flow in an electromechanical energy conversion device |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2 Analogies between electric and magnetic circuits |
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4 | (2) |
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1.3 Losses in ferromagnetic cores |
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6 | (4) |
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10 | (6) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (5) |
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1.5 Two magnetically coupled electric circuits |
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16 | (1) |
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1.6 Doubly-excited rotary device |
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17 | (6) |
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1.7 Basic coordinates and parameters of systems |
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23 | (4) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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1.7.4 Mass in translatory motion |
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24 | (1) |
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1.7.5 Elastic element in translatory motion |
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25 | (1) |
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1.7.6 Dissipative element in translatory motion |
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25 | (1) |
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1.7.7 Concentrated-parameter elements in rotary motion |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (5) |
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1.8.1 Energy and coenergy of a nonlinear inductive element |
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27 | (2) |
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1.8.2 Energy and coenergy of a nonlinear capacitive element |
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29 | (1) |
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1.8.3 Energy and coenergy of mechanical systems |
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29 | (3) |
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1.9 Force and torque balance equations |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (5) |
2 Transformers |
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41 | (40) |
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2.1 Single-phase transformer |
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41 | (18) |
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2.1.1 Principle of operation and construction |
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41 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Ideal single-phase transformer |
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41 | (4) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (3) |
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50 | (6) |
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2.1.6 Voltage regulation (secondary voltage change) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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2.2 Three-phase transformer |
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59 | (12) |
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2.2.1 Principle of operation and construction |
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59 | (4) |
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63 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Voltage ratio of three-phase transformers |
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65 | (5) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (4) |
3 Switched-Reluctance Machines |
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81 | (30) |
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3.1 What is a switched reluctance machine? |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (2) |
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3.3 Aligned and unaligned positions |
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85 | (2) |
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3.4 Electromagnetic torque |
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87 | (4) |
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3.5 Electromagnetic torque derived from coenergy |
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91 | (6) |
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3.6 Power electronics converters for SRMs |
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97 | (5) |
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3.6.1 Current hysteresis control |
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97 | (2) |
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3.6.2 Voltage PWM control |
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99 | (1) |
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3.6.3 Asymmetric bridge converter with freewheeling and regeneration capability |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (1) |
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3.7 Advantages and disadvantages |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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3.9 Steady-state performance characteristics |
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104 | (1) |
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3.10 Design recommendation |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (3) |
4 DC Machines |
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111 | (54) |
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4.1 Function and objective |
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111 | (1) |
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4.2 Principle of operation |
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111 | (2) |
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4.3 Construction of DC brush machine |
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113 | (5) |
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118 | (3) |
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4.5 Fundamental equations |
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121 | (5) |
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121 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Armature winding EMF |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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4.5.4 MMF of the field winding |
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122 | (1) |
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4.5.5 Electromagnetic power |
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123 | (1) |
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4.5.6 Electromagnetic (developed) torque |
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124 | (1) |
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4.5.7 Rotor and commutator linear speed |
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124 | (1) |
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4.5.8 Input power, output power and efficiency |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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4.5.10 Armature line current density |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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4.7 Classification of DC machines according to armature and field winding connections |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (8) |
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4.8.1 Separately-excited generator |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (7) |
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137 | (3) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (2) |
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4.10 Compound-wound motor |
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140 | (6) |
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141 | (2) |
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4.10.2 Speed control of DC motors |
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143 | (3) |
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146 | (1) |
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4.11.1 Braking a shunt DC motor |
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146 | (1) |
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4.11.2 Braking a series DC motor |
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147 | (1) |
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4.12 Permanent magnet DC commutator motors |
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147 | (10) |
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4.12.1 Permanent magnet materials |
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147 | (2) |
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4.12.2 Construction of DC permanent magnet motors |
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149 | (2) |
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4.12.3 Slotted-rotor PM DC motors |
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151 | (2) |
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4.12.4 Slotless rotor PM motors |
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153 | (1) |
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4.12.5 Moving-coil cylindrical motors |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (2) |
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157 | (5) |
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162 | (3) |
5 Windings Of AC Machines |
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165 | (46) |
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5.1 Construction or windings |
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165 | (7) |
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172 | (2) |
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5.3 Electromotive force induced in a winding by rotating magnetic field |
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174 | (4) |
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5.4 Distribution factor and pitch factor |
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178 | (3) |
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5.5 Higher harmonics of EMF |
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181 | (3) |
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5.6 Magnetic field produced by a single coil |
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184 | (4) |
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5.7 Magnetic field of a phase winding |
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188 | (1) |
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5.8 Magnetic field of a three-phase winding |
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189 | (8) |
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5.9 Influence of magnetic saturation |
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197 | (1) |
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5.10 MMF of two-phase winding |
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198 | (4) |
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5.11 MMF of a single-phase winding |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (4) |
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207 | (4) |
6 Induction Machines |
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211 | (82) |
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211 | (4) |
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6.2 Fundamental relationships |
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215 | (11) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Electromagnetic power |
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217 | (1) |
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6.2.5 Electromagnetic (developed) torque |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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6.2.7 Rotor winding losses |
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219 | (1) |
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6.2.8 EMF (voltage induced) in the stator winding |
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219 | (1) |
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6.2.9 EMF induced in the rotor winding |
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220 | (1) |
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6.2.10 Rotor EMF referred to the stator system |
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221 | (1) |
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6.2.11 Rotor current referred to as the stator system |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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6.2.13 Rotor impedance referred to as the stator system |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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6.2.15 Rotational (mechanical) losses |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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6.2.17 Slip, electromagnetic power, and mechanical power |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (4) |
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6.4 No-load and locked-rotor tests |
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230 | (5) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (2) |
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6.5 Torque-speed characteristics |
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235 | (11) |
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6.5.1 Equivalent circuit impedance |
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235 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Stator current derived from the equivalent circuit |
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236 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Rotor current derived from the equivalent circuit |
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236 | (1) |
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6.5.4 Electromagnetic torque developed by an induction machine |
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237 | (1) |
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6.5.5 Critical slip and maximum electromagnetic torque |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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6.5.7 Torque—speed and torque—slip curves |
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239 | (6) |
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6.5.8 Influence of rotor resistance on torque—speed characteristics |
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245 | (1) |
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6.5.9 Load characteristics |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (9) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (8) |
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6.7 Induction motors that use skin effect in the rotor winding |
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255 | (5) |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (6) |
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6.8.1 Frequency changing for speed control |
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260 | (3) |
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6.8.2 Pole changing for speed control |
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263 | (2) |
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6.8.3 Speed control by voltage variation |
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265 | (1) |
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6.8.4 Changing the resistance in the rotor circuit |
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265 | (1) |
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6.9 Inverter-fed induction motor capabilities |
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266 | (4) |
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270 | (2) |
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6.10.1 Direct current injection (dynamic) braking |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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6.10.3 Regenerative braking |
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271 | (1) |
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6.11 Connection of a three-phase motor to a single-phase power supply |
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272 | (1) |
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6.12 Induction motors with copper cage rotor |
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272 | (2) |
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6.13 Abnormal operating conditions |
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274 | (1) |
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6.13.1 Increase in voltage, Pout = const |
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274 | (1) |
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6.13.2 Decrease in voltage Pout = const |
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274 | (1) |
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6.13.3 Change in frequency |
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275 | (1) |
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6.14 Single-phase induction motors |
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275 | (4) |
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6.14.1 Split-phase induction motor |
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276 | (1) |
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6.14.2 Capacitor-start induction motor |
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277 | (1) |
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6.14.3 Permanent—split capacitor induction motor |
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277 | (1) |
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6.14.4 Capacitor—start capacitor-run induction motor |
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277 | (1) |
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6.14.5 Shaded—pole induction motor |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (9) |
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288 | (5) |
7 Synchronous Machines |
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293 | (76) |
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293 | (1) |
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7.2 Classification of synchronous machines |
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294 | (7) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (2) |
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7.2.3 Combustion engine driven synchronous generators |
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298 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Gas turbine driven generators |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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7.3 Electromotive force induced in armature winding |
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301 | (2) |
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303 | (1) |
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7.5 Generator and motor operation |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (2) |
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7.7 Operation at short circuit |
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306 | (2) |
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7.8 Phasor diagram of synchronous machine with non-salient pole rotor and unsaturated magnetic circuit |
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308 | (4) |
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7.9 Phasor diagram of synchronous machine with non-salient pole rotor and saturated magnetic circuit |
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312 | (2) |
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7.10 Steady-state characteristics of synchronous turboalternator |
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314 | (1) |
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7.11 Losses and efficiency |
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314 | (4) |
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318 | (2) |
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7.13 Operation of synchronous generators |
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320 | (9) |
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7.13.1 Modes of operation of synchronous generators |
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320 | (1) |
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7.13.2 Operation on infinite bus bar |
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320 | (1) |
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7.13.3 Torque—load angle characteristics of non-salient pole rotor synchronous machine |
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321 | (2) |
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7.13.4 Circle diagram of non-salient pole rotor synchronous machine |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (5) |
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7.14 Salient-pole rotor synchronous machine |
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329 | (11) |
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7.14.1 Magnetic field in a salient-pole rotor synchronous machine |
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329 | (2) |
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7.14.2 Form factor of the excitation field |
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331 | (1) |
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7.14.3 Form factors of the armature reaction |
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331 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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7.14.5 Phasor diagram of a salient-pole rotor synchronous machine |
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332 | (3) |
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7.14.6 Power and electromagnetic torque of a salient-pole rotor synchronous machine |
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335 | (5) |
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340 | (6) |
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346 | (7) |
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346 | (4) |
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350 | (2) |
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7.16.3 Comparison of synchronous motors with induction motors |
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352 | (1) |
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7.17 Synchronous reluctance motors |
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353 | (3) |
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356 | (2) |
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358 | (6) |
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364 | (5) |
8 Permanent Magnet Brushless Motors |
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369 | (50) |
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8.1 Permanent magnet motor drives |
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369 | (2) |
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8.2 Permanent magnet synchronous motors |
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371 | (2) |
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8.3 Air gap magnetic flux density |
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373 | (5) |
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8.3.1 Electromotive force EMF (voltage induced) |
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374 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Armature line current density and current density |
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375 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Electromagnetic power |
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376 | (1) |
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8.3.4 Synchronous reactance |
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376 | (1) |
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8.3.5 Electromagnetic (developed) torque |
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376 | (1) |
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8.3.6 Equivalent field MMF |
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377 | (1) |
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8.3.7 Armature reaction reactance |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (4) |
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382 | (4) |
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386 | (1) |
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8.6.1 Asynchronous starting |
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386 | (1) |
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8.6.2 Starting by means of an auxiliary motor |
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387 | (1) |
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8.6.3 Frequency-change starting |
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387 | (1) |
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8.7 Permanent magnet DC brushless motors |
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387 | (22) |
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8.7.1 Electromagnetic torque |
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388 | (1) |
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8.7.2 Linear and rotational speed of brushless motors |
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389 | (1) |
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8.7.3 Commutation of PM brushless motors |
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389 | (3) |
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392 | (1) |
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8.7.5 Inverter AC output voltage |
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393 | (1) |
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8.7.6 DC bus voltage of a controlled rectifier |
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394 | (5) |
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8.7.7 Rotor position sensing of DC brushless motors |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (1) |
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8.7.10 Concentrated-coil armature winding |
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402 | (2) |
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8.7.11 Electromechanical drive with PM brushless motor |
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404 | (1) |
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8.7.12 Electric and hybrid electric vehicles |
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405 | (4) |
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409 | (6) |
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415 | (4) |
Symbols and Abbreviations |
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419 | (6) |
References |
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425 | (2) |
Index |
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427 | |