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E-raamat: Electrical Machines with MATLAB(R)

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(California State University, Sacramento, USA)
  • Formaat: 654 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Nov-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781439878002
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Electrical Machines with MATLAB(R)Suurem pilt
  • Formaat: 654 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Nov-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781439878002
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Electrical Machines with MATLAB® encapsulates the invaluable insight and experience that eminent instructor Turan Gönen has acquired in almost 40 years of teaching. With simple, versatile content that separates it from other texts on electrical machines, this book is an ideal self-study tool for advanced students in electrical and other areas of engineering. In response to the often inadequate, rushed coverage of fundamentals in most basic circuit analysis books and courses, this resource is intelligently designed, easy to read, and packed with in-depth information on crucial concepts.

Topics include three-phase circuits, power measurement in AC circuits, magnetic circuits, transformers, and induction, synchronous, and direct-current machines. The book starts by reviewing more basic concepts, with numerous examples to clarify their application. It then explores new "buzzword" topics and developments in the area of electrical machine applications and electric power systems, including:











Renewable energy Wind energy and related conversion Solar energy Energy storage The smart grid

Using International Systems (IS) units throughout, this cross-disciplinary design guide delves into commonly used vocabulary and symbols associated with electrical machinery. Several new appendices contain tools such as an extensive glossary to explain important terms. Outlining a wide range of informationand the many different ways to apply itthis book is an invaluable, multifunctional resource for students and professors, as well as practicing professionals looking to refresh and update their knowledge.
Preface to the First Edition xiii
Preface to the Second Edition xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Author xix
Chapter 1 Basic Concepts
1(16)
1.1 Introduction
1(3)
1.2 Distribution System
4(1)
1.3 Impact of Dispersed Storage and Generation
5(2)
1.4 Brief Overview of Basic Electrical Machines
7(2)
1.5 Real and Reactive Powers in Single-Phase AC Circuits
9(8)
Problems
14(3)
Chapter 2 Three-Phase Circuits
17(36)
2.1 Introduction
17(1)
2.2 Three-Phase Systems
17(16)
2.2.1 Ideal Three-Phase Power Sources
18(3)
2.2.1.1 Wye-Connected Ideal Three-Phase Source
21(3)
2.2.1.2 Delta-Connected Ideal Three-Phase Source
24(1)
2.2.2 Balanced Three-Phase Loads
24(9)
2.3 Unbalanced Three-Phase Loads
33(4)
2.4 Measurement of Average Power in Three-Phase Circuits
37(4)
2.5 Power Factor Correction
41(12)
Problems
44(9)
Chapter 3 Magnetic Circuits
53(40)
3.1 Introduction
53(1)
3.2 Magnetic Field of Current-Carrying Conductors
53(3)
3.3 Ampere's Magnetic Circuital Law
56(2)
3.4 Magnetic Circuits
58(8)
3.5 Magnetic Circuit with Air Gap
66(2)
3.6 Brief Review of Ferromagnetism
68(4)
3.7 Magnetic Core Losses
72(9)
3.7.1 Hysteresis Loss
72(1)
3.7.2 Eddy-Current Loss
72(9)
3.8 How to Determine Flux for a Given MMF
81(4)
3.8.1 Trial-and-Error Method
82(1)
3.8.2 Graphical Method
82(1)
3.8.3 Magnetization Curve Method
83(2)
3.9 Permanent Magnets
85(8)
Problems
88(5)
Chapter 4 Transformers
93(72)
4.1 Introduction
93(4)
4.2 Transformer Construction
97(1)
4.3 Brief Review of Faraday's and Lenz's Laws of Induction
98(3)
4.4 Ideal Transformer
101(12)
4.4.1 Dot Convention in Transformers
104(1)
4.4.2 Impedance Transfer through a Transformer
105(2)
4.4.3 Relationship between Input and Output Powers of an Ideal Transformer
107(6)
4.5 Real Transformer
113(3)
4.6 Approximate Equivalent Circuit of a Real Transformer
116(5)
4.7 Determination of Equivalent-Circuit Parameters
121(3)
4.7.1 Open-Circuit Test
121(2)
4.7.2 Short-Circuit Test
123(1)
4.8 Transformer Nameplate Rating
124(5)
4.9 Performance Characteristics of a Transformer
129(9)
4.9.1 Voltage Regulation of a Transformer
129(5)
4.9.2 Transformer Efficiency
134(4)
4.10 Three-Phase Transformers
138(2)
4.11 Three-Phase Transformer Connections
140(6)
4.12 Autotransformers
146(6)
4.13 Three-Winding Transformers
152(1)
4.14 Instrument Transformers
153(1)
4.15 Inrush Current
154(11)
Problems
156(9)
Chapter 5 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Principles
165(42)
5.1 Introduction
165(1)
5.2 Fundamental Concepts
165(10)
5.3 Electromechanical Energy Conversion
175(13)
5.3.1 Field Energy
177(6)
5.3.2 Magnetic Force
183(2)
5.3.3 Energy and Coenergy
185(1)
5.3.4 Magnetic Force in a Saturable System
185(3)
5.4 Study of Rotating Machines
188(1)
5.5 Singly Excited Rotating Systems
188(5)
5.6 Multiply Excited Rotating Systems
193(4)
5.7 Cylindrical Machines
197(3)
5.7.1 Single-Phase Synchronous Machine
199(1)
5.7.2 Single-Phase Induction Machine
199(1)
5.8 Force Produced on a Conductor
200(2)
5.9 Induced Voltage on a Conductor Moving in a Magnetic Field
202(5)
Problems
204(3)
Chapter 6 Induction Machines
207(66)
6.1 Introduction
207(4)
6.2 Construction of Induction Motors
211(2)
6.3 Rotating Magnetic Field Concept
213(6)
6.3.1 Graphical Method
214(2)
6.3.2 Analytical Method
216(3)
6.4 Induced Voltages
219(1)
6.5 Concept of Rotor Slip
220(2)
6.6 Effects of Slip on the Frequency and Magnitude of Induced Voltage of the Rotor
222(3)
6.7 Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor
225(5)
6.7.1 Stator Circuit Model
225(1)
6.7.2 Rotor-Circuit Model
226(2)
6.7.3 Complete Equivalent Circuit
228(1)
6.7.4 Approximate Equivalent Circuit
229(1)
6.8 Performance Calculations
230(6)
6.9 Equivalent Circuit at Start-Up
236(5)
6.10 Determination of Power and Torque by Use of Thevenin's Equivalent Circuit
241(2)
6.11 Performance Characteristics
243(6)
6.12 Control of Motor Characteristics by Squirrel-Cage Rotor Design
249(2)
6.13 Starting of Induction Motors
251(8)
6.13.1 Direct-on-Line Starting
252(1)
6.13.2 Reduced-Voltage Starting
253(1)
6.13.3 Current Limiting by Series Resistance or Impedance
254(5)
6.14 Speed Control
259(1)
6.15 Tests to Determine Equivalent-Circuit Parameters
260(13)
6.15.1 No-Load Test
261(1)
6.15.2 DC Test
261(1)
6.15.3 Blocked-Rotor Test
262(5)
Problems
267(6)
Chapter 7 Synchronous Machines
273(40)
7.1 Introduction
273(1)
7.2 Construction of Synchronous Machines
273(3)
7.3 Field Excitation of Synchronous Machines
276(1)
7.4 Synchronous Speed
277(1)
7.5 Synchronous Generator Operation
278(4)
7.6 Equivalent Circuits
282(6)
7.7 Synchronous Motor Operation
288(1)
7.8 Power and Torque Characteristics
288(5)
7.9 Stiffness of Synchronous Machines
293(1)
7.10 Effect of Changes in Excitation
294(4)
7.10.1 Synchronous Machine Connected to an Infinite Bus
294(3)
7.10.2 Synchronous Generator Operating Alone
297(1)
7.11 Use of Damper Windings to Overcome Mechanical Oscillations
298(1)
7.12 Starting of Synchronous Motors
298(1)
7.13 Operating a Synchronous Motor as a Synchronous Condenser
299(1)
7.14 Operating a Synchronous Motor as a Synchronous Reactor
300(1)
7.15 Tests to Determine Equivalent-Circuit Parameters
301(4)
7.15.1 Open-Circuit Test
301(1)
7.15.2 Short-Circuit Test
302(1)
7.15.3 DC Test
302(1)
7.15.4 Unsaturated Synchronous Reactance
303(1)
7.15.5 Saturated Synchronous Reactance
304(1)
7.15.6 Short-Circuit Ratio
304(1)
7.16 Capability Curve of Synchronous Machine
305(1)
7.17 Parallel Operation of Synchronous Generators
306(7)
Problems
308(5)
Chapter 8 Direct-Current Machines
313(58)
8.1 Introduction
313(1)
8.2 Constructional Features
313(3)
8.3 Brief Review of Armature Windings
316(2)
8.4 Elementary DC Machine
318(1)
8.5 Armature Voltage
319(4)
8.6 Methods of Field Excitation
323(1)
8.7 Armature Reaction
323(2)
8.8 Commutation
325(2)
8.9 Compensating Windings
327(1)
8.10 Magnetization Curve
328(4)
8.11 DC Generators
332(1)
8.12 Separately Excited Generator
332(1)
8.13 Self-Excited Shunt Generator
333(2)
8.14 Series Generator
335(1)
8.15 Compound Generator
336(1)
8.16 Voltage Regulation
337(4)
8.17 Developed Power
341(1)
8.18 Developed Torque
342(1)
8.19 Power Flow and Efficiency
343(5)
8.20 DC Motor Characteristics
348(7)
8.20.1 Speed Regulation
348(1)
8.20.2 Speed-Current Characteristic
349(1)
8.20.3 Speed-Torque Characteristic
350(1)
8.20.4 Torque-Current Characteristic
351(1)
8.20.5 Internal Generated Voltage-Current Characteristic
351(4)
8.21 Control of DC Motors
355(3)
8.22 DC Motor Starting
358(6)
8.23 DC Motor Braking
364(7)
Problems
366(5)
Chapter 9 Single-Phase and Special-Purpose Motors
371(30)
9.1 Introduction
371(1)
9.2 Single-Phase Induction Motors
371(9)
9.2.1 Equivalent Circuit
374(1)
9.2.2 Performance Analysis
374(6)
9.3 Starting of Single-Phase Induction Motors
380(1)
9.4 Classification of Single-Phase Induction Motors
381(6)
9.4.1 Split-Phase Motors
381(1)
9.4.2 Capacitor-Start Motors
382(1)
9.4.3 Capacitor-Run Motors
383(1)
9.4.4 Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Run Motors
384(1)
9.4.5 Shaded-Pole Motors
384(3)
9.5 Universal Motors
387(3)
9.6 Single-Phase Synchronous Motors
390(4)
9.6.1 Reluctance Motors
390(1)
9.6.2 Hysteresis Motors
391(1)
9.6.3 Stepper Motors
392(2)
9.7 Subsynchronous Motors
394(1)
9.8 Permanent-Magnet DC Motors
394(7)
Problems
398(3)
Chapter 10 Transients and Dynamics of Electric Machines
401(26)
10.1 Introduction
401(1)
10.2 DC Machines
401(1)
10.3 Separately Excited DC Generator
401(7)
10.3.1 Field-Circuit Transient
403(1)
10.3.2 Armature-Circuit Transient
404(4)
10.4 Separately Excited DC Motor
408(5)
10.5 Synchronous Generator Transients
413(1)
10.6 Short-Circuit Transients
413(6)
10.7 Transient Stability
419(1)
10.8 Swing Equation
420(7)
Problems
424(3)
Chapter 11 Renewable Energy
427(8)
11.1 Introduction
427(1)
11.2 Renewable Energy
428(1)
11.3 Impact of Dispersed Storage and Generation
429(1)
11.4 Integrating Renewables into Power Systems
429(1)
11.5 Distributed Generation
430(1)
11.6 Renewable Energy Penetration
431(1)
11.7 Active Distribution Network
431(1)
11.8 Concept of Microgrid
431(4)
References
434(1)
Chapter 12 Wind Energy and Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS)
435(36)
12.1 Introduction
435(1)
12.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Energy Conversion Systems
436(1)
12.2.1 Advantages of a Wind Energy Conversion System
437(1)
12.2.2 Disadvantages of a Wind Energy Conversion System
437(1)
12.3 Categories of Wind Turbines
437(4)
12.4 Visual Impact of Wind Turbines
441(1)
12.5 Types of Generators Used in Wind Turbines
442(2)
12.6 Wind Turbine Operating Systems
444(2)
12.6.1 Constant-Speed Wind Turbines
444(1)
12.6.2 Variable-Speed Wind Turbine System
445(1)
12.7 Meteorology of Wind
446(3)
12.8 Power in the Wind
449(3)
12.9 Effects of a Wind Force
452(1)
12.10 Impact of Tower Height on Wind Power
453(2)
12.11 Wind Measurements
455(1)
12.12 Characteristics of a Wind Generator
456(2)
12.13 Efficiency and Performance
458(3)
12.14 Efficiency of a Wind Turbine
461(1)
12.14.1 Generator Efficiency
461(1)
12.14.2 Gearbox
461(1)
12.14.3 Overall Efficiency
462(1)
12.15 Other Factors to Define the Efficiency
462(2)
12.16 Grid Connection
464(1)
12.17 Some Further Issues Related to Wind Energy
465(1)
12.18 Development of Transmission System for Wind Energy in the United States
466(1)
12.19 Energy Storage
466(1)
12.20 Wind Power Forecasting
467(4)
Problems
469(1)
References
469(2)
Chapter 13 Solar Energy Systems
471(22)
13.1 Introduction
471(1)
13.2 Crystalline Silicon
472(4)
13.3 Effect of Sunlight on Solar Cell's Performance
476(1)
13.4 Effects of Changing Strength of the Sun on a Solar Cell
477(3)
13.5 Temperature's Effect on Cell Characteristics
480(2)
13.6 Efficiency of Solar Cells
482(1)
13.7 Interconnection of Solar Cells
483(2)
13.8 Overall System Configuration
485(2)
13.9 Thin-Film PV
487(1)
13.10 Concentrating PV
488(1)
13.11 PV Balance of Systems
488(1)
13.12 Types of Conversion Technologies
488(1)
13.13 Linear CSP Systems
489(1)
13.14 Power Tower CSP Systems
489(1)
13.15 Dish/Engine CSP Systems
489(1)
13.16 PV Applications
490(3)
13.16.1 Utility-Interactive PV Systems
490(1)
13.16.2 Stand-Alone PV Systems
490(1)
Problems
490(1)
References
491(2)
Chapter 14 Energy Storage Systems
493(16)
14.1 Introduction
493(1)
14.2 Storage Systems
493(1)
14.3 Storage Devices
494(5)
14.3.1 Large Hydro
494(1)
14.3.2 Compressed-Air Storage
495(1)
14.3.3 Pumped Hydro
495(1)
14.3.4 Hydrogen
496(1)
14.3.5 High-Power Flow Batteries
496(1)
14.3.6 High-Power Flywheels
497(1)
14.3.7 High-Power Supercapacitors
497(1)
14.3.8 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
497(1)
14.3.9 Heat or Cold Storage
498(1)
14.4 Battery Types
499(3)
14.4.1 Secondary Batteries
499(1)
14.4.2 Sodium-Sulfur Batteries
499(1)
14.4.3 Flow Battery Technology
500(1)
14.4.3.1 Zinc-Bromine Flow Battery
501(1)
14.4.3.2 Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
501(1)
14.4.4 Lithium-Ion Batteries
501(1)
14.4.4.1 Lithium Titanate Batteries
501(1)
14.4.4.2 Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries
501(1)
14.4.5 Lead-Acid Batteries
501(1)
14.4.5.1 Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries
502(1)
14.4.6 Nickel-Cadmium Batteries
502(1)
14.5 Operational Problems in Battery Usage
502(1)
14.6 Fuel Cells
503(6)
14.6.1 Types of Fuel Cells
505(1)
14.6.1.1 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane
506(1)
14.6.1.2 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell
506(1)
14.6.1.3 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell
507(1)
14.6.1.4 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
507(1)
References
508(1)
Chapter 15 The Smart Grid
509(30)
15.1 Introduction
509(3)
15.2 Need for Establishment of Smart Grid
512(1)
15.3 Roots of the Motivation for the Smart Grid
513(3)
15.4 Distribution Automation
516(1)
15.5 Active Distribution Networks
517(1)
15.6 Volt/Var Control in Distribution Networks
517(6)
15.6.1 Traditional Approach to Volt/Var Control in the Distribution Networks
517(2)
15.6.2 SCADA Approach to Control Volt/Var in the Distribution Networks
519(2)
15.6.3 Integrated Volt/Var Control Optimization
521(2)
15.7 Existing Electric Power Grid
523(1)
15.8 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
524(2)
15.9 Advanced SCADA Concepts
526(1)
15.10 Substation Controllers
527(1)
15.11 Advanced Developments for Integrated Substation Automation
528(3)
15.12 Evolution of Smart Grid
531(3)
15.13 Smart Microgrids
534(1)
15.14 Topology of a Microgrid
535(1)
15.15 Topology of a Smart Grid
535(1)
15.16 Standards of Smart Grids
535(2)
15.17 Existing Challenges to the Application of the Concept of Smart Grids
537(2)
References
538(1)
Appendix A Brief Review of Phasors 539(8)
Appendix B Per-Unit System 547(22)
Appendix C Salient-Pole Synchronous Machines 569(8)
Appendix D Unit Conversions from the English System to SI System 577(2)
Appendix E Unit Conversions from the SI System to English System 579(2)
Appendix F Stator Windings 581(4)
Appendix G Glossary for Electrical Machines Terminology 585(30)
Answers to Selected Problems 615(4)
Bibliography 619(4)
Index 623
Turan Gönen is professor of electrical engineering and director of the Electrical Power Educational Institute at California State University, Sacramento (CSUS). Previously, he was professor of electrical engineering and director of the Energy Systems and Resources Program at the University of MissouriColumbia. Professor Gönen also held teaching positions at the University of Missouri Rolla, the University of Oklahoma, Iowa State University, Florida International University, and Ankara Technical College. He has taught electrical machines and electric power engineering for more than 38 years. Professor Gönen also has a strong background in the power industry. He worked as a design engineer in numerous companies for eight years, both in the United States and abroad. He has served as a consultant for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Aramco, Black & Veatch Consultant Engineers, and the public utility industry.
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