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E-raamat: Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design, Third Edition

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(California State University, Sacramento, USA)
  • Formaat: 1093 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-Aug-2015
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040076170
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Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design, Third EditionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 1093 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-Aug-2015
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040076170
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Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design is devoted to the exploration and explanation of modern power transmission engineering theory and practice. Designed for senior-level undergraduate and beginning-level graduate students, the book serves as a text for a two-semester course or, by judicious selection, the material may be condensed into one semester. Written to promote hands-on self-study, it also makes an ideal reference for practicing engineers in the electric power utility industry.

Basic material is explained carefully, clearly, and in detail, with multiple examples. Each new term is defined as it is introduced. Ample equations and homework problems reinforce the information presented in each chapter. A special effort is made to familiarize the reader with the vocabulary and symbols used by the industry. Plus, the addition of numerous impedance tables for overhead lines, transformers, and underground cables makes the text self-contained.

The Third Edition is not only up to date with the latest advancements in electrical power transmission system engineering, but also:











Provides a detailed discussion of flexible alternating current (AC) transmission systems Offers expanded coverage of the structures, equipment, and environmental impacts of transmission lines Features additional examples of shunt fault analysis using MATLAB®

Also included is a review of the methods for allocating transmission line fixed charges among joint users, new trends and regulations in transmission line construction, a guide to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) electric transmission facilities permit process and Order No. 1000, and an extensive glossary of transmission system engineering terminology.

Covering the electrical and mechanical aspects of the field with equal detail, Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design, Third Edition supplies a solid understanding of transmission system engineering today.

Arvustused

"This comprehensive book will benefit the practicing power engineer or student who wants to teach himself. It is well-suited for self-study because it contains background theory for each topic covered, and numerous numerical examples and problems crafted to apply the information presented. The appendix is filled with tables of data pertaining to overhead lines, transformers, underground cables, costing, regulations, definitions, unit conversions, and MATLAB® examples. All this information in one place makes this book an excellent reference for the practicing power engineer. It will be useful for many years." John J. Shea, Eaton Corporation, Moon Township, Pennsylvania, USA, from IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, May/June 2015

"Good balance between mathematical background and practical applicationsThe text provides a good review of the key issues in transmission system design and is suitable for courses where not all students have deep background knowledge of the subject." James Pilgrim, University of Southampton, UK

"This book provides an excellent balance between theory and practical application. It gives the student a good introduction to the equipment used in power systems, how they operate, and why they are in the form we find them. There are many practical examples included and clear explanations. I like the way that industry standards and current practices are introduced and explained. Most students do not have a familiarity with the equipment used in the power system, and this work bridges that gap and provides a clear picture of how the pieces work together." Sheppard Salon, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA "This comprehensive book will benefit the practicing power engineer or student who wants to teach himself. It is well-suited for self-study because it contains background theory for each topic covered, and numerous numerical examples and problems crafted to apply the information presented. The appendix is filled with tables of data pertaining to overhead lines, transformers, underground cables, costing, regulations, definitions, unit conversions, and MATLAB® examples. All this information in one place makes this book an excellent reference for the practicing power engineer. It will be useful for many years." John J. Shea, Eaton Corporation, Moon Township, Pennsylvania, USA, from IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, May/June 2015

"Good balance between mathematical background and practical applicationsThe text provides a good review of the key issues in transmission system design and is suitable for courses where not all students have deep background knowledge of the subject." James Pilgrim, University of Southampton, UK

"This book provides an excellent balance between theory and practical application. It gives the student a good introduction to the equipment used in power systems, how they operate, and why they are in the form we find them. There are many practical examples included and clear explanations. I like the way that industry standards and current practices are introduced and explained. Most students do not have a familiarity with the equipment used in the power system, and this work bridges that gap and provides a clear picture of how the pieces work together." Sheppard Salon, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA

Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
Author xxvii
Section I Electrical Design and Analysis
Chapter 1 Transmission System Planning
3(24)
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Aging Transmission System
3(4)
1.3 Benefits of Transmission
7(1)
1.4 Power Pools
8(1)
1.5 Transmission Planning
8(1)
1.6 Traditional Transmission System Planning Techniques
9(3)
1.7 Models Used in Transmission System Planning
12(1)
1.8 Transmission Route Identification and Selection
12(1)
1.9 Traditional Transmission System Expansion Planning
13(3)
1.9.1 Heuristic Models
13(1)
1.9.2 Single-Stage Optimization Models
13(3)
1.9.2.1 Linear Programming
13(1)
1.9.2.2 Integer Programming
14(1)
1.9.2.3 Gradient Search Method
15(1)
1.9.3 Time-Phased Optimization Models
16(1)
1.10 Traditional Concerns for Transmission System Planning
16(4)
1.10.1 Planning Tools
17(1)
1.10.2 Systems Approach
17(1)
1.10.3 Database Concept
18(2)
1.11 New Technical Challenges
20(2)
1.12 Transmission Planning after Open Access
22(1)
1.13 Possible Future Actions by the FERC
22(1)
References
23(2)
General References
25(2)
Chapter 2 Transmission Line Structures and Equipment
27(114)
2.1 Introduction
27(1)
2.2 Decision Process to Build a Transmission Line
27(2)
2.3 Design Trade-Offs
29(1)
2.4 Traditional Line Design Practice
30(3)
2.4.1 Factors Affecting Structure-Type Selection
31(1)
2.4.2 Improved Design Approaches
32(1)
2.5 Transmission Line Structures
33(7)
2.5.1 Compact Transmission Lines
33(3)
2.5.2 Conventional Transmission Lines
36(1)
2.5.3 Design of Line Support Structures
37(3)
2.6 Subtransmission Lines
40(12)
2.6.1 Subtransmission Line Costs
47(5)
2.7 Transmission Substations
52(9)
2.7.1 Additional Substation Design Considerations
53(3)
2.7.2 Substation Components
56(1)
2.7.3 Bus and Switching Configurations
56(1)
2.7.4 Substation Buses
57(3)
2.7.4.1 Open-Bus Scheme
60(1)
2.7.4.2 Inverted-Bus Scheme
61(1)
2.8 SF6-Insulated Substations
61(1)
2.9 Transmission Line Conductors
62(4)
2.9.1 Conductor Considerations
62(1)
2.9.2 Conductor Types
62(1)
2.9.3 Conductor Size
63(3)
2.9.3.1 Voltage Drop Considerations
63(2)
2.9.3.2 Thermal Capacity Considerations
65(1)
2.9.3.3 Economic Considerations
65(1)
2.9.4 Overhead Ground Wires
66(1)
2.9.5 Conductor Tension
66(1)
2.10 Insulators
66(11)
2.10.1 Types of Insulators
66(1)
2.10.2 Testing of Insulators
67(1)
2.10.3 Voltage Distribution over a String of Suspension Insulators
68(6)
2.10.4 Insulator Flashover due to Contamination
74(3)
2.10.5 Insulator Flashover on Overhead HVDC Lines
77(1)
2.11 Substation Grounding
77(15)
2.11.1 Electrical Shock and Its Effects on Humans
77(7)
2.11.2 Reduction of Factor Cs
84(3)
2.11.3 Ground Resistance
87(3)
2.11.4 Soil Resistivity Measurements
90(14)
2.11.4.1 Wenner Four-Pin Method
90(1)
2.11.4.2 Three-Pin or Driven-Ground Rod Method
91(1)
2.12 Substation Grounding
92(4)
2.13 Ground Conductor Sizing Factors
96(3)
2.14 Mesh Voltage Design Calculations
99(4)
2.15 Step Voltage Design Calculations
103(1)
2.16 Types of Ground Faults
104(1)
2.16.1 Line-to-Line-to-Ground Fault
105(1)
2.16.2 Single Line-to-Ground Fault
105(1)
2.17 Ground Potential Rise
105(10)
2.18 Transmission Line Grounds
115(2)
2.19 Types of Grounding
117(2)
2.20 Transformer Classifications
119(7)
2.20.1 Transformer Connections
124(2)
2.20.2 Transformer Selection
126(1)
2.21 Environmental Impact of Transmission Lines
126(12)
2.21.1 Environmental Effects
126(1)
2.21.2 Biological Effects of Electric Fields
127(1)
2.21.3 Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields
128(1)
2.21.4 Magnetic Field Calculation
129(9)
2.22 High-Voltage Bushings with Draw Leads and Their Failures
138(1)
References
139(2)
Chapter 3 Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) and Other Concepts
141(36)
3.1 Introduction
141(1)
3.2 Factors Affecting Transmission Growth
141(1)
3.3 Stability Considerations
142(2)
3.4 Power Transmission Capability of a Transmission Line
144(1)
3.5 Surge Impedance and Surge Impedance Loading of a Transmission Line
144(1)
3.6 Loadability Curves
145(1)
3.7 Compensation
146(2)
3.8 Shunt Compensation
148(1)
3.8.1 Effects of Shunt Compensation on Transmission Line Loadability
148(1)
3.8.2 Shunt Reactors and Shunt Capacitor Banks
149(1)
3.9 Series Compensation
149(6)
3.9.1 Effects of Series Compensation on Transmission Line Loadability
149(2)
3.9.2 Series Capacitors
151(4)
3.10 Flexible AC Transmission Systems
155(4)
3.11 Static VAR Control
159(2)
3.12 Static VAR Systems
161(1)
3.13 Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator
161(1)
3.14 Static Compensator
162(2)
3.15 Thyristor-Controlled Braking Resistor
164(1)
3.16 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Systems
164(1)
3.17 Subsynchronous Resonance
164(1)
3.18 Use of Static Compensation to Prevent Voltage Collapse or Instability
165(1)
3.19 Energy Management System
166(1)
3.20 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
167(2)
3.21 Advanced SCADA Concepts
169(1)
3.22 Substation Controllers
170(1)
3.23 Six-Phase Transmission Lines
171(3)
References
174(3)
Chapter 4 Overhead Power Transmission
177(128)
4.1 Introduction
177(1)
4.2 Review of Basics
177(23)
4.2.1 Review of Basics
177(1)
4.2.1 Complex Power in Balanced Transmission Lines
177(3)
4.2.2 One-Line Diagram
180(2)
4.2.3 Per-Unit System
182(7)
4.2.3.1 Single-Phase System
183(4)
4.2.3.2 Converting from Per-Unit Values to Physical Values
187(1)
4.2.3.3 Change of Base
188(1)
4.2.4 Three-Phase Systems
189(9)
4.2.5 Constant-Impedance Representation of Loads
198(2)
4.3 Three-Winding Transformers
200(1)
4.4 Autotransformers
201(3)
4.5 Delta-Wye and Wye-Delta Transformations
204(1)
4.6 Transmission-Line Constants
205(1)
4.7 Resistance
205(1)
4.8 Inductance and Inductive Reactance
206(2)
4.8.1 Single-Phase Overhead Lines
206(1)
4.8.2 Three-Phase Overhead Lines
207(1)
4.9 Capacitance and Capacitive Reactance
208(4)
4.9.1 Single-Phase Overhead Lines
208(3)
4.9.2 Three-Phase Overhead Lines
211(1)
4.10 Tables of Line Constants
212(5)
4.11 Equivalent Circuits for Transmission Lines
217(1)
4.12 Short Transmission Lines (up to 50 mi, or 80 km)
217(11)
4.12.1 Steady-State Power Limit
220(2)
4.12.2 Percent Voltage Regulation
222(5)
4.12.3 Representation of Mutual Impedance of Short Lines
227(1)
4.13 Medium-Length Transmission Lines (up to 150 mi, or 240 km)
228(9)
4.14 Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)
237(21)
4.14.1 Equivalent Circuit of Long Transmission Line
248(3)
4.14.2 Incident and Reflected Voltages of Long Transmission Line
251(3)
4.14.3 Surge Impedance Loading of Transmission Line
254(4)
4.15 General Circuit Constants
258(22)
4.15.1 Determination of A, B, C, and D Constants
258(1)
4.15.2 A, B, C, and D Constants of Transformer
259(6)
4.15.3 Asymmetrical s and T Networks
265(2)
4.15.4 Networks Connected in Series
267(1)
4.15.5 Networks Connected in Parallel
268(2)
4.15.6 Terminated Transmission Line
270(4)
4.15.7 Power Relations Using A, B, C, and D Line Constants
274(6)
4.16 Bundled Conductors
280(4)
4.17 Effect of Ground on Capacitance of Three-Phase Lines
284(1)
4.18 Environmental Effects of Overhead Transmission Lines
284(2)
4.19 Additional Solved Numerical Examples for the Transmission-Line Calculations
286(10)
Problems
296(6)
References
302(1)
General References
302(3)
Chapter 5 Underground Power Transmission and Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines
305(84)
5.1 Introduction
305(1)
5.2 Underground Cables
306(4)
5.3 Underground Cable Installation Techniques
310(2)
5.4 Electrical Characteristics of Insulated Cables
312(30)
5.4.1 Electric Stress in Single-Conductor Cable
312(5)
5.4.2 Capacitance of Single-Conductor Cable
317(2)
5.4.3 Dielectric Constant of Cable Insulation
319(1)
5.4.4 Charging Current
320(1)
5.4.5 Determination of Insulation Resistance of Single-Conductor Cable
321(2)
5.4.6 Capacitance of Three-Conductor Belted Cable
323(7)
5.4.7 Cable Dimensions
330(1)
5.4.8 Geometric Factors
331(4)
5.4.9 Dielectric Power Factor and Dielectric Loss
335(3)
5.4.10 Effective Conductor Resistance
338(1)
5.4.11 DC Resistance
338(1)
5.4.12 Skin Effect
339(1)
5.4.13 Proximity Effect
340(2)
5.5 Sheath Currents in Cables
342(5)
5.6 Positive- and Negative-Sequence Reactances
347(1)
5.6.1 Single-Conductor Cables
347(1)
5.6.2 Three-Conductor Cables
348(1)
5.7 Zero-Sequence Resistance and Reactance
348(12)
5.7.1 Three-Conductor Cables
349(5)
5.7.2 Single-Conductor Cables
354(6)
5.8 Shunt Capacitive Reactance
360(2)
5.9 Current-Carrying Capacity of Cables
362(1)
5.10 Calculation of Impedances of Cables in Parallel
362(9)
5.10.1 Single-Conductor Cables
362(4)
5.10.2 Bundled Single-Conductor Cables
366(5)
5.11 EHV Underground Cable Transmission
371(7)
5.12 Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines
378(4)
5.13 Location of Faults in Underground Cables
382(4)
5.13.1 Fault Location by Using Murray Loop Test
382(1)
5.13.2 Fault Location by Using Varley Loop Test
383(1)
5.13.3 Distribution Cable Checks
384(2)
Problems
386(2)
References
388(1)
General References
388(1)
Chapter 6 Direct-Current Power Transmission
389(60)
6.1 Basic Definitions
389(1)
6.2 Introduction
390(1)
6.3 Overhead HVDC Transmission
390(1)
6.4 Comparison of Power Transmission Capacity of HVDC and HVAC
391(5)
6.5 HVDC Transmission Line Insulation
396(3)
6.6 Three-Phase Bridge Converter
399(1)
6.7 Rectification
400(10)
6.8 Per-Unit Systems and Normalizing
410(7)
6.8.1 AC System Per-Unit Bases
411(1)
6.8.2 DC System Per-Unit Bases
412(5)
6.9 Inversion
417(7)
6.10 Multibridge (B-Bridge) Converter Stations
424(4)
6.11 Per-Unit Representation of B-Bridge Converter Stations
428(5)
6.11.1 AC System Per-Unit Bases
430(1)
6.11.2 DC System Per-Unit Bases
431(2)
6.12 Operation of DC Transmission Link
433(3)
6.13 Stability-of Control
436(4)
6.14 Use of FACTS and HVDC to Solve Bottleneck Problems in the Transmission Networks
440(1)
6.15 High-Voltage Power Electronic Substations
440(1)
6.16 Additional Commends on HVDC Converter Stations
440(2)
Problems
442(4)
References
446(1)
General References
446(3)
Chapter 7 Transient Overvoltages and Insulation Coordination
449(66)
7.1 Introduction
449(1)
7.2 Traveling Waves
449(8)
7.2.1 Velocity of Surge Propagation
453(1)
7.2.2 Surge Power Input and Energy Storage
454(2)
7.2.3 Superposition of Forward- and Backward-Traveling Waves
456(1)
7.3 Effects of Line Terminations
457(7)
7.3.1 Line Termination in Resistance
458(1)
7.3.2 Line Termination in Impedance
459(4)
7.3.3 Open-Circuit Line Termination
463(1)
7.3.4 Short-Circuit Line Termination
463(1)
7.3.5 Overhead Line Termination by Transformer
464(1)
7.4 Junction of Two Lines
464(4)
7.5 Junction of Several Lines
468(1)
7.6 Termination in Capacitance and Inductance
469(2)
7.6.1 Termination through Capacitor
469(1)
7.6.2 Termination through Inductor
470(1)
7.7 Bewley Lattice Diagram
471(3)
7.8 Surge Attenuation and Distortion
474(1)
7.9 Traveling Waves on Three-Phase Lines
474(4)
7.10 Lightning and Lightning Surges
478(6)
7.10.1 Lightning
478(2)
7.10.2 Lightning Surges
480(1)
7.10.3 Use of Overhead Ground Wires for Lightning Protection of the Transmission Lines
481(1)
7.10.4 Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines
481(3)
7.11 Shielding Failures of Transmission Lines
484(5)
7.11.1 Electrogeometric Theory
484(2)
7.11.2 Effective Shielding
486(1)
7.11.3 Determination of Shielding Failure Rate
487(2)
7.12 Lightning Performance of UHV Lines
489(1)
7.13 Stroke Current Magnitude
489(1)
7.14 Shielding Design Methods
490(4)
7.14.1 Fixed-Angle Method
490(1)
7.14.2 Empirical Method (or Wagner Method)
490(1)
7.14.3 Electrogeometric Model
491(3)
7.15 Switching and Switching Surges
494(5)
7.15.1 Switching
494(2)
7.15.2 Causes of Switching Surge Overvoltages
496(1)
7.15.3 Control of Switching Surges
496(3)
7.16 Overvoltage Protection
499(1)
7.17 Insulation Coordination
499(7)
7.17.1 Basic Definitions
499(3)
7.17.2 Insulation Coordination
502(2)
7.17.3 Insulation Coordination in Transmission Lines
504(2)
7.18 Geomagnetic Disturbances and Their Effects on Power System Operators
506(4)
Problems
510(3)
References
513(1)
General References
514(1)
Chapter 8 Limiting Factors for Extrahigh- and Ultrahigh-Voltage Transmission: Corona, Radio Noise, and Audible Noise
515(22)
8.1 Introduction
515(1)
8.2 Corona
516(9)
8.2.1 Nature of Corona
516(1)
8.2.2 Manifestations of Corona
517(2)
8.2.3 Factors Affecting Corona
519(3)
8.2.4 Corona Loss
522(3)
8.3 Radio Noise
525(6)
8.3.1 Radio Interference
525(5)
8.3.2 Television Interference
530(1)
8.4 Audible Noise
531(2)
8.5 Conductor Size Selection
533(1)
Problems
534(1)
References
535(1)
General References
536(1)
Chapter 9 Symmetrical Components and Fault Analysis
537(98)
9.1 Introduction
537(1)
9.2 Symmetrical Components
537(1)
9.3 Operator a
538(2)
9.4 Resolution of Three-Phase Unbalanced System of Phasors into Its Symmetrical Components
540(3)
9.5 Power in Symmetrical Components
543(3)
9.6 Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
546(11)
9.6.1 Sequence Impedances of Untransposed Lines
546(1)
9.6.2 Sequence Impedances of Transposed Lines
547(3)
9.6.3 Electromagnetic Unbalances due to Untransposed Lines
550(6)
9.6.4 Sequence Impedances of Untransposed Line with Overhead Ground Wire
556(1)
9.7 Sequence Capacitances of Transmission Line
557(7)
9.7.1 Three-Phase Transmission Line without Overhead Ground Wire
557(4)
9.7.2 Three-Phase Transmission Line with Overhead Ground Wire
561(3)
9.8 Sequence Impedances of Synchronous Machines
564(4)
9.9 Zero-Sequence Networks
568(2)
9.10 Sequence Impedances of Transformers
570(5)
9.11 Analysis of Unbalanced Faults
575(1)
9.12 Shunt Faults
575(22)
9.12.1 Single Line-to-Ground Fault
575(10)
9.12.2 Line-to-Line Fault
585(4)
9.12.3 Double Line-to-Ground Fault
589(5)
9.12.4 Three-Phase Fault
594(3)
9.13 Series Faults
597(3)
9.13.1 One Line Open (OLO)
597(2)
9.13.2 Two Lines Open (TLO)
599(1)
9.14 Determination of Sequence Network Equivalents for Series Faults
600(6)
9.14.1 Brief Review of Two-Port Theory
600(1)
9.14.2 Equivalent-Zero-Sequence Networks
601(1)
9.14.3 Equivalent Positive- and Negative-Sequence Networks
602(4)
9.15 System Grounding
606(5)
9.16 Elimination of SLG Fault Current by Using Peterson Coils
611(3)
9.17 Six-Phase Systems
614(8)
9.17.1 Application of Symmetrical Components
614(1)
9.17.2 Transformations
615(2)
9.17.3 Electromagnetic Unbalance Factors
617(2)
9.17.4 Transposition on the Six-Phase Lines
619(1)
9.17.5 Phase Arrangements
619(1)
9.17.6 Overhead Ground Wires
620(1)
9.17.7 Double-Circuit Transmission Lines
620(2)
Problems
622(11)
References
633(1)
General References
633(2)
Chapter 10 Protective Equipment and Transmission System Protection
635(38)
10.1 Introduction
635(1)
10.2 Interruption of Fault Current
635(2)
10.3 High-Voltage Circuit Breakers
637(3)
10.4 Circuit Breaker Selection
640(4)
10.5 Disconnect Switches
644(1)
10.6 Load-Break Switches
644(1)
10.7 Switchgear
645(1)
10.8 Purpose of Transmission Line Protection
645(1)
10.9 Design Criteria for Transmission Line Protection
646(1)
10.10 Zones of Protection
647(1)
10.11 Primary and Backup Protection
648(3)
10.12 Reclosing
651(2)
10.13 Typical Relays Used on Transmission Lines
653(12)
10.13.1 Overcurrent Relays
653(2)
10.13.1.1 Inverse Time Delay Overcurrent Relays
654(1)
10.13.1.2 Instantaneous Overcurrent Relays
654(1)
10.13.1.3 Directional Overcurrent Relays
654(1)
10.13.2 Distance Relays
655(7)
10.13.2.1 Impedance Relay
655(1)
10.13.2.2 Admittance Relay
655(1)
10.13.2.3 Reactance Relay
655(7)
10.13.3 Pilot Relaying
662(3)
10.14 Computer Applications in Protective Relaying
665(2)
10.14.1 Computer Applications in Relay Settings and Coordination
666(1)
10.14.2 Computer Relaying
666(1)
Problems
667(4)
References
671(2)
Chapter 11 Transmission System Reliability
673(68)
11.1 Basic Definitions
673(1)
11.2 National Electric Reliability Council
674(1)
11.3 Index of Reliability
674(2)
11.4 Section 209 of PURPA of 1978
676(5)
11.5 Basic Probability Theory
681(8)
11.5.1 Set Theory
682(3)
11.5.2 Probability and Set Theory
685(4)
11.6 Combinational Analysis
689(1)
11.7 Probability Distributions
690(4)
11.8 Basic Reliability Concepts
694(12)
11.8.1 Series Systems
701(2)
11.8.2 Parallel Systems
703(2)
11.8.3 Combined Series-Parallel Systems
705(1)
11.9 Systems with Repairable Components
706(5)
11.9.1 Repairable Components in Series
706(3)
11.9.2 Repairable Components in Parallel
709(2)
11.10 Reliability Evaluation of Complex Systems
711(3)
11.10.1 Conditional Probability Method
711(1)
11.10.2 Minimal-Cut-Set Method
712(2)
11.11 Markov Processes
714(4)
11.12 Transmission System Reliability Methods
718(8)
11.12.1 Average Interruption Rate Method
718(1)
11.12.2 Frequency and Duration Method
719(4)
11.12.2.1 Series Systems
719(2)
11.12.2.2 Parallel Systems
721(2)
11.12.3 Markov Application Method
723(3)
11.12.4 Common-Cause Forced Outages of Transmission Lines
726(1)
Problems
726(9)
References
735(1)
General References
736(5)
Section II Mechanical Design and Analysis
Chapter 12 Construction of Overhead Lines
741(40)
12.1 Introduction
741(1)
12.2 Factors Affecting Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines
742(1)
12.3 Character of Line Route
743(1)
12.4 Right-of-Way
743(1)
12.5 Mechanical Loading
744(3)
12.5.1 Definitions of Stresses
744(1)
12.5.2 Elasticity and Ultimate Strength
745(1)
12.5.3 NESC Loadings
746(1)
12.5.4 Wind Pressure
747(1)
12.6 Required Clearances
747(3)
12.6.1 Horizontal Clearances
748(1)
12.6.2 Vertical Clearances
748(1)
12.6.3 Clearances at Wire Crossings
748(1)
12.6.4 Horizontal Separation of Conductors from Each Other
749(1)
12.7 Type of Supporting Structures
750(5)
12.7.1 Pore Types
750(3)
12.7.2 Soil Types and Pole Setting
753(2)
12.8 Mechanical Calculations
755(16)
12.8.1 Introduction
755(1)
12.8.2 Bending Moment due to Wind on Conductors
756(2)
12.8.3 Bending Moment due to the Wind on the Poles
758(5)
12.8.4 Stress due to the Angle in the Line
763(1)
12.8.5 Strength Determination of an Angle Pole
764(1)
12.8.6 Permissible Maximum Angle without Guys
765(1)
12.8.7 Guying
765(2)
12.8.8 Calculation of Guy Tension
767(4)
12.9 Grade of Construction
771(1)
12.10 Line Conductors
771(1)
12.11 Insulator Types
772(1)
12.12 Joint Use by Other Utilities
773(1)
12.13 Conductor Vibration
774(3)
12.14 Conductor Motion Caused by Fault Currents
777(1)
Problems
778(1)
References
779(1)
General References
779(2)
Chapter 13 Sag and Tension Analysis
781(38)
13.1 Introduction
781(1)
13.2 Effect of Change in Temperature
782(1)
13.3 Line Sag and Tension Calculations
783(14)
13.3.1 Supports at the Same Level
783(12)
13.3.1.1 Catenary Method
783(8)
13.3.1.2 Parabolic Method
791(4)
13.3.2 Supports at Different Levels: Unsymmetrical Spans
795(2)
13.4 Spans of Unequal Length: Ruling Span
797(1)
13.5 Effects of Ice and Wind Loading
798(6)
13.5.1 Effect of Ice
798(2)
13.5.2 Effect of Wind
800(4)
13.6 National Electric Safety Code
804(2)
13.7 Line Location
806(5)
13.7.1 Profile and Plan of Right-of-Way
806(1)
13.7.2 Templates for Locating Structures
807(3)
13.7.3 Supporting Structures
810(1)
13.8 Construction Techniques
811(5)
Problems
816(2)
References
818(1)
General References
818(1)
Appendix A: Impedance Tables for Overhead Lines, Transformers, and Underground Cables 819(58)
Appendix B: Methods for Allocating Transmission-Line Fixed Charges among Joint Users 877(10)
Appendix C: New Electrical Infrastructure Trends and Regulations in the United States 887(10)
Appendix D: Guide to the FERC: Electric Transmission Facilities Permit Process 897(8)
Appendix E: Standard Device Numbers Used in Protection Systems 905(2)
Appendix F: Final Rule on Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation by Transmission Owning and Operating Public Utilities 907(2)
Appendix G: Unit Conversions from the English System to SI System 909(2)
Appendix H: Unit Conversions from the SI System to English System 911(2)
Appendix I: Classroom Examples for Designing Transmission Lines by Using MATLAB® 913(16)
Appendix J 929(36)
Appendix K: Additional Solved Examples of Shunt Faults Using MATLAB® 965(66)
Appendix L: Glossary for Transmission System Engineering Terminology 1031(22)
Index 1053
Turan Gönen received a BS and MS from Istanbul Technical College, MS and two Ph.Ds from Iowa State University, and MBA from University of Oklahoma. He has held positions at University of MissouriColumbia, University of MissouriRolla, University of Oklahoma, Iowa State University, Florida International University, and Ankara Technical College; served as a design engineer and consultant in US and international power industries; and written over 100 technical papers and five books. An IEEE fellow and IIE senior member, he is currently professor of electrical engineering and director of the Electrical Power Educational Institute at California State University, Sacramento.
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