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E-raamat: Electromagnetic Transient Analysis and Novel Protective Relaying Techniques for Power Transformers

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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: IEEE Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Nov-2014
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-IEEE Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118653852
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Electromagnetic Transient Analysis and Novel Protective Relaying Techniques for Power TransformersSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: IEEE Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Nov-2014
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-IEEE Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118653852
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"An advanced level examination of the latest developments in power transformer protection This book addresses the technical challenges of transformer malfunction analysis as well as protection. One of the current research directions is the malfunction mechanism analysis due to nonlinearity of transformer core and comprehensive countermeasures on improving the performance of transformer differential protection. Here, the authors summarize their research outcomes and present a set of recent research advances in the electromagnetic transient analysis, the application on power transformer protections, and present a more systematic investigation and review in this field. This research area is still progressing, especially with the fast development of Smart Grid. This book is an important addition to the literature and will enhance significant advancement in research. It is a good reference book for researchers in power transformer protection research and a good text book for graduate and undergraduate students in electrical engineering.Chapter headings include: Transformer differential protection principle and existing problem analysis; Malfunction mechanism analysis due to nonlinearity of transformer core; Novel analysis tools on operating characteristics of Transformer differential protection; Novel magnetizing inrush identification schemes; Comprehensive countermeasures on improving the performance of transformer differential protection An advanced level examination of the latest developments in power transformer protection Presents a new and systematic view of power transformer protection, enabling readers to design new models and consider fresher design approaches Offers a set of approaches to optimize the power system from a microeconomic point of view "--

"This book addresses the technical challenges of transformer malfunction analysis as well as protection"--

An advanced level examination of the latest developments in power transformer protection

This book addresses the technical challenges of transformer malfunction analysis as well as protection. One of the current research directions is the malfunction mechanism analysis due to nonlinearity of transformer core and comprehensive countermeasures on improving the performance of transformer differential protection. Here, the authors summarize their research outcomes and present a set of recent research advances in the electromagnetic transient analysis, the application on power transformer protections, and present a more systematic investigation and review in this field. This research area is still progressing, especially with the fast development of Smart Grid. This book is an important addition to the literature and will enhance significant advancement in research. It is a good reference book for researchers in power transformer protection research and a good text book for graduate and undergraduate students in electrical engineering.

Chapter headings include: Transformer differential protection principle and existing problem analysis; Malfunction mechanism analysis due to nonlinearity of transformer core; Novel analysis tools on operating characteristics of Transformer differential protection; Novel magnetizing inrush identification schemes; Comprehensive countermeasures on improving the performance of transformer differential protection

  • An advanced level examination of the latest developments in power transformer protection
  • Presents a new and systematic view of power transformer protection, enabling readers to design new models and consider fresher design approaches
  • Offers a set of approaches to optimize the power system from a microeconomic point of view
About the Authors ix
Preface xi
1 Principles of Transformer Differential Protection and Existing Problem Analysis
1(38)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Fundamentals of Transformer Differential Protection
2(5)
1.2.1 Transformer Faults
2(1)
1.2.2 Differential Protection of Transformers
3(2)
1.2.3 The Unbalanced Current and Measures to Eliminate Its Effect
5(2)
1.3 Some Problems with Power Transformer Main Protection
7(10)
1.3.1 Other Types of Power Transformer Differential Protections
7(2)
1.3.2 Research on Novel Protection Principles
9(8)
1.4 Analysis of Electromagnetic Transients and Adaptability of Second Harmonic Restraint Based Differential Protection of a UHV Power Transformer
17(10)
1.4.1 Modelling of the UHV Power Transformer
18(2)
1.4.2 Simulation and Analysis
20(7)
1.5 Study on Comparisons among Some Waveform Symmetry Principle Based Transformer Differential Protection
27(9)
1.5.1 The Comparison and Analysis of Several Kinds of Symmetrical Waveform Theories
27(1)
1.5.2 The Theory of Waveform Symmetry of Derivatives of Current and Its Analysis
28(4)
1.5.3 Principle and Analysis of the Waveform Correlation Method
32(1)
1.5.4 Analysis of Reliability and Sensitivity of Several Criteria
33(3)
1.6 Summary
36(3)
References
36(3)
2 Malfunction Mechanism Analysis due to Nonlinearity of Transformer Core
39(58)
2.1 Introduction
39(4)
2.2 The Ultra-Saturation Phenomenon of Loaded Transformer Energizing and its Impacts on Differential Protection
43(14)
2.2.1 Loaded Transformer Energizing Model Based on Second Order Equivalent Circuit
43(5)
2.2.2 Preliminary Simulation Studies
48(9)
2.3 Studies on the Unusual Mal-Operation of Transformer Differential Protection during the Nonlinear Load Switch-In
57(13)
2.3.1 Simulation Model of the Nonlinear Load Switch-In
57(5)
2.3.2 Simulation Results and Analysis of Mal-Operation Mechanism of Differential Protection
62(8)
2.4 Analysis of a Sort of Unusual Mal-operation of Transformer Differential Protection due to Removal of External Fault
70(10)
2.4.1 Modelling of the External Fault Inception and Removal and Current Transformer
70(2)
2.4.2 Analysis of Low Current Mal-operation of Differential Protection
72(8)
2.5 Analysis and Countermeasure of Abnormal Operation Behaviours of the Differential Protection of the Converter Transformer
80(15)
2.5.1 Recurrence and Analysis of the Reported Abnormal Operation of the Differential Protection of the Converter Transformer
80(6)
2.5.2 Time-Difference Criterion to Discriminate between Faults and Magnetizing Inrushes of the Converter Transformer
86(9)
2.6 Summary
95(2)
References
95(2)
3 Novel Analysis Tools on Operating Characteristics of Transformer Differential Protection
97(56)
3.1 Introduction
97(2)
3.2 Studies on the Operation Behaviour of Differential Protection during a Loaded Transformer Energizing
99(10)
3.2.1 Simulation Models of Loaded Transformer Switch-On and CT
99(3)
3.2.2 Analysis of the Mal-operation Mechanism of Differential Protection
102(7)
3.3 Comparative Investigation on Current Differential Criteria between One Using Phase Current and One Using Phase-Phase Current Difference for the Transformer using Y-Delta Connection
109(8)
3.3.1 Analyses of Applying the Phase Current Differential to the Power Transformer with Y/Δ Connection and its Existing Bases
109(4)
3.3.2 Rationality Analyses of Applying the Phase Current Differential Criterion to the Power Transformer with Y/Δ Connection
113(4)
3.4 Comparative Analysis on Current Percentage Differential Protections Using a Novel Reliability Evaluation Criterion
117(6)
3.4.1 Introduction to CPD and NPD
117(1)
3.4.2 Performance Comparison between CPD and NPD in the Case of CT Saturation
118(3)
3.4.3 Performance Comparison between CPD and NPD in the Case of Internal Fault
121(2)
3.5 Comparative Studies on Percentage Differential Criteria Using Phase Current and Superimposed Phase Current
123(9)
3.5.1 The Dynamic Locus of in the Case of CT Saturation
123(3)
3.5.2 Sensitivity Comparison between the Phase Current Based and the Superimposed Current Based Differential Criteria
126(2)
3.5.3 Security Comparison between the Phase Current Based and the Superimposed Current Based Differential Criteria
128(2)
3.5.4 Simulation Analyses
130(2)
3.6 A Novel Analysis Methodology of Differential Protection Operation Behaviour
132(19)
3.6.1 The Relationship between Transforming Rate and the Angular Change Rate under CT Saturation
132(1)
3.6.2 Principles of Novel Percentage Restraint Criteria
133(9)
3.6.3 Analysis of Novel Percentage Differential Criteria
142(9)
3.7 Summary
151(2)
References
151(2)
4 Novel Magnetizing Inrush Identification Schemes
153(84)
4.1 Introduction
153(2)
4.2 Studies for Identification of the Inrush Based on Improved Correlation Algorithm
155(8)
4.2.1 Basic Principle of Waveform Correlation Scheme
155(4)
4.2.2 Design and Test of the Improved Waveform Correlation Principle
159(4)
4.3 A Novel Method for Discrimination of Internal Faults and Inrush Currents by Using Waveform Singularity Factor
163(6)
4.3.1 Waveform Singularity Factor Based Algorithm
163(1)
4.3.2 Testing Results and Analysis
164(5)
4.4 A New Principle of Discrimination between Inrush Current and Internal Fault Current of Transformer Based on Self-Correlation Function
169(5)
4.4.1 Basic Principle of Correlation Function Applied to Random Single Analysis
169(1)
4.4.2 Theory and Analysis of Waveform Similarity Based on Self-Correlation Function
170(3)
4.4.3 EPDL Testing Results and Analysis
173(1)
4.5 Identifying Inrush Current Using Sinusoidal Proximity Factor
174(7)
4.5.1 Sinusoidal Proximity Factor Based Algorithm
174(2)
4.5.2 Testing Results and Analysis
176(5)
4.6 A Wavelet Transform Based Scheme for Power Transformer Inrush Identification
181(9)
4.6.1 Principle of Wavelet Transform
181(4)
4.6.2 Inrush Identification with WPT
185(1)
4.6.3 Results and Analysis
185(5)
4.7 A Novel Adaptive Scheme of Discrimination between Internal Faults and Inrush Currents of Transformer Using Mathematical Morphology
190(12)
4.7.1 Mathematical Morphology
190(3)
4.7.2 Principle and Scheme Design
193(1)
4.7.3 Testing Results and Analysis
194(8)
4.8 Identifying Transformer Inrush Current Based on Normalized Grille Curve
202(9)
4.8.1 Normalized Grille Curve
202(3)
4.8.2 Experimental System
205(2)
4.8.3 Testing Results and Analysis
207(4)
4.9 A Novel Algorithm for Discrimination between Inrush Currents and Internal Faults Based on Equivalent Instantaneous Leakage Inductance
211(11)
4.9.1 Basic Principle
211(6)
4.9.2 EILI-Based Criterion
217(1)
4.9.3 Experimental Results and Analysis
218(4)
4.10 A Two-Terminal Network-Based Method for Discrimination between Internal Faults and Inrush Currents
222(12)
4.10.1 Basic Principle
222(8)
4.10.2 Experimental System
230(1)
4.10.3 Testing Results and Analysis
230(4)
4.11 Summary
234(3)
References
234(3)
5 Comprehensive Countermeasures for Improving the Performance of Transformer Differential Protection
237(82)
5.1 Introduction
237(5)
5.2 A Method to Eliminate the Magnetizing Inrush Current of Energized Transformers
242(13)
5.2.7 Principles and Modelling of the Inrush Suppressor and Parameter Design
242(7)
5.2.2 Simulation Validation and Results Analysis
249(6)
5.3 Identification of the Cross-Country Fault of a Power Transformer for Fast Unblocking of Differential Protection
255(13)
5.3.1 Criterion for Identifying Cross-Country Faults Using the Variation of the Saturated Secondary Current with Respect to the Differential Current
255(2)
5.3.2 Simulation Analyses and Test Verification
257(11)
5.4 Adaptive Scheme in the Transformer Main Protection
268(26)
5.4.1 The Fundamental of the Time Difference Based Method to Discriminate between the Fault Current and the Inrush of the Transformer
268(1)
5.4.2 Preset Filter
269(2)
5.4.3 Comprehensive Protection Scheme
271(3)
5.4.4 Simulation Tests and Analysis
274(20)
5.5 A Series Multiresolution Morphological Gradient Based Criterion to Identify CT Saturation
294(10)
5.5.1 Time Difference Extraction Criterion Using Mathematical Morphology
294(3)
5.5.2 Simulation Study and Results Analysis
297(5)
5.5.3 Performance Verification with On-site Data
302(2)
5.6 A New Adaptive Method to Identify CT Saturation Using a Grille Fractal
304(13)
5.6.1 Analysis of the Behaviour of CT Transient Saturation
304(4)
5.6.2 The Basic Principle and Algorithm of Grille Fractal
308(4)
5.6.3 Self-Adaptive Generalized Morphological Filter
312(1)
5.6.4 The Design of Protection Program and the Verification of Results
313(4)
5.7 Summary
317(2)
References
317(2)
Index 319
Xiangning Lin, Professor, College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. Prof. Lin was the first to discover the ultra-saturation phenomenon of power transformer and he designed operating characteristics analysis planes to make clear the advantages and disadvantages of existing differential protection of power transformer. He invented a variety of novel protection algorithms for the main protection of the power transformer. A series of papers were published in journals including IEEE Transactions on Power Systems and IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. The work has been widely acknowledged and cited by international peers. He also pioneers the introduction of modern signal processing techniques to design the protection criteria for power transformer. He was the winner of the 2nd Class National Natural Science Award in 2009. He has published nearly 200 papers and books (in Chinese), he also owns over 15 patents. Jing Ma, Associate Professor, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China. Prof. Ma was the first to apply the two-terminal network algorithm to the areas of power system protection. The work has been widely acknowledged and cited by international peers. He also proposed an approach based on grille fractal to solve the TA saturation problem, and the related paper has been published in the IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. The research results were used in many practical engineering projects.

Dr. Qing Tian, Senior Engineer with the Maintenance and Test Center of EHV Transmission Co. Ltd, Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou, China.

Dr. Hanli Weng, Senior Engineer with Three-Gorge Hydropower Plant, China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. Both have been working in this area since 1995. Their main research fields include power system operation analysis and control, voltage and reactive power optimization, power system reliability and risk assessment and power system energy saving assessment and planning.
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