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E-raamat: Electromagnetics for Electrical Machines

(Aligarh Muslim University, India), (Aligarh Muslim University, India), (Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India)
  • Formaat: 439 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Oct-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040390139
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  • Formaat: 439 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Oct-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040390139
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Electromagnetics for Electrical Machines offers a comprehensive yet accessible treatment of the linear theory of electromagnetics and its application to the design of electrical machines. Leveraging valuable classroom insight gained by the authors during their impressive and ongoing teaching careers, this text emphasizes concepts rather than numerical methods, providing presentation/project problems at the end of each chapter to enhance subject knowledge.

Highlighting the essence of electromagnetic field (EMF) theory and its correlation with electrical machines, this book:





Reviews Maxwells equations and scalar and vector potentials Describes the special cases leading to the Laplace, Poissons, eddy current, and wave equations Explores the utility of the uniqueness, generalized Poynting, Helmholtz, and approximation theorems Discusses the SchwarzChristoffel transformation, as well as the determination of airgap permeance Addresses the skin effects in circular conductors and eddy currents in solid and laminated iron cores Contains examples relating to the slot leakage inductance of rotating electrical machines, transformer leakage inductance, and theory of hysteresis machines Presents analyses of EMFs in laminated-rotor induction machines, three-dimensional field analyses for three-phase solid rotor induction machines, and more

Electromagnetics for Electrical Machines makes an ideal text for postgraduate-level students of electrical engineering, as well as of physics and electronics and communication engineering. It is also a useful reference for research scholars concerned with problems involving electromagnetics.

Arvustused

" unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done." Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India

"The authors of this book set out to achieve the goal of presenting electromagnetics for electrical machines in a simple and systematic manner. I think they achieve that goal. They reduce Maxwells equations to Laplaces equation, Poissons equation, wave equation, and eddy current equation and apply them to electrical machines." Matthew Sadiku, Prairie View A&M University

"I particularly value the approach taken of developing accurate theoretical electromagnetic models for several electrical machine structures. Traditional approaches of using lumped element models for machine parts, and then trying to modify the resulting equivalent network by taking into account the effect of these elements having non-zero physical size in a piece-meal fashion do not develop the users basic comprehensive insight into all aspects of the electromagnetic fields which can have some effect on machine behavior." Philip H. Alexander, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor " unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done." Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India

" unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done." Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India

"The authors of this book set out to achieve the goal of presenting electromagnetics for electrical machines in a simple and systematic manner. I think they achieve that goal. They reduce Maxwells equations to Laplaces equation, Poissons equation, wave equation, and eddy current equation and apply them to electrical machines." Matthew Sadiku, Prairie View A&M University

"I particularly value the approach taken of developing accurate theoretical electromagnetic models for several electrical machine structures. Traditional approaches of using lumped element models for machine parts, and then trying to modify the resulting equivalent network by taking into account the effect of these elements having non-zero physical size in a piece-meal fashion do not develop the users basic comprehensive insight into all aspects of the electromagnetic fields which can have some effect on machine behavior." Philip H. Alexander, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor

Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Authors xvii
1 Introduction 1(10)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Field Approach
1(1)
1.3 Domain of Machines
2(1)
1.4 Review of Field Theory
2(1)
1.5 Field Theorems
3(1)
1.5.1 Uniqueness Theorem
4(1)
1.5.2 Poynting Theorem
4(1)
1.5.3 Approximation Theorem
4(1)
1.6 Problem of Slotting
4(1)
1.7 Eddy Current Phenomena
5(1)
1.8 Polyphase Induction Machines
5(2)
1.8.1 Laminated Iron Cores
6(1)
1.8.2 Unlaminated Iron Cores
6(1)
1.8.3 Simulation of Armature Winding
6(1)
1.9 Case Studies
7(1)
1.10 Numerical Techniques
7(1)
1.10.1 Finite Element Method
7(1)
1.10.2 Analytical Techniques
7(1)
References
8(3)
2 Review of Field Equations 11(20)
2.1 Introduction
11(1)
2.2 Maxwell's Equations in Integral Form
11(2)
2.3 Maxwell's Equations in Point Form
13(1)
2.4 General Equations for One Type of Field
14(2)
2.5 Maxwell's Equations for Fields in Moving Media
16(1)
2.6 Scalar Electric and Magnetic Potentials
17(1)
2.7 Vector Magnetic Potential
18(3)
2.8 Periodic Fields, Field Equations in Phasor Form
21(2)
2.9 Retarded Potentials
23(2)
2.10 Continuity Equation and Relaxation Time
25(3)
2.11 A Rear Window View
28(1)
Presentation Problems
29(1)
References
29(2)
3 Theorems, Revisited 31(44)
3.1 Introduction
31(1)
3.2 Uniqueness Theorem
31(14)
3.2.1 Uniqueness Theorem for Laplace and Poisson Equations
31(10)
3.2.1.1 Example of a Cuboid
33(4)
3.2.1.2 Example of a Rectangular Region
37(4)
3.2.2 Uniqueness Theorem for Vector Magnetic Potentials
41(2)
3.2.3 Uniqueness Theorem for Maxwell's Equations
43(2)
3.3 Helmholtz Theorem
45(4)
3.4 Generalised Poynting Theorem
49(8)
3.4.1 Components of Power Flow
54(1)
3.4.2 Components of Force
55(2)
3.5 Approximation Theorems
57(16)
3.5.1 Approximation Theorem for Laplacian Field
57(6)
3.5.2 Approximation Theorem for Vector Magnetic Potential
63(5)
3.5.3 Approximation Theorem for Maxwell's Equations
68(5)
Project Problems
73(1)
Disclaimer
73(1)
References
74(1)
4 Laplacian Fields 75(52)
4.1 Introduction
75(1)
4.2 Potential Distribution for Rectangular Double-Slotting
76(18)
4.2.1 Tooth-Opposite-Tooth Orientation
76(5)
4.2.1.1 Evaluation of Arbitrary Constants
77(4)
4.2.2 Tooth-Opposite-Slot Orientation
81(5)
4.2.2.1 Evaluation of Arbitrary Constants
82(4)
4.2.3 Arbitrary Orientation of Tooth and Slot
86(6)
4.2.3.1 Evaluation of Arbitrary Constants
88(4)
4.2.4 Air-Gap Permeance
92(2)
4.3 Modelling for Aperiodical Field Distributions
94(13)
4.3.1 Tooth-Opposite-Tooth Orientation
94(3)
4.3.1.1 Evaluation of Unknown Functions
95(2)
4.3.2 Tooth-Opposite-Slot Orientation
97(2)
4.3.2.1 Evaluation of Unknown Functions
98(1)
4.3.3 Arbitrary Orientation of Two Teeth
99(8)
4.3.3.1 Evaluation of Unknown Functions
102(5)
4.4 Fringing Flux for Tooth-Opposite-Tooth Orientation with Small Air Gap
107(4)
4.4.1 Schwarz-Christoffel Transformation
108(3)
4.4.1.1 Transformation from z Plane to w Plane
108(2)
4.4.1.2 Transformation from x Plane to w Plane
110(1)
4.5 Air-Gap Field of a Conductor Deep inside an Open Slot
111(5)
4.5.1 Schwarz—Christoffel Transformation
112(4)
4.5.1.1 Transformation from z-Plane to w-Plane
112(2)
4.5.1.2 Transformation from x-Plane to w-Plane
114(2)
4.6 Magnetic Field near Armature Winding Overhang
116(8)
4.6.1 Surface Current Density
117(1)
4.6.2 Magnetic Field Intensity
118(3)
4.6.2.1 Field in Region 1
118(1)
4.6.2.2 Field in Region 2
119(1)
4.6.2.3 Field in Region 3
119(1)
4.6.2.4 Field in Region 4
120(1)
4.6.3 Boundary Conditions
121(6)
4.6.3.1 Selection of Field Expressions
121(1)
4.6.3.2 Evaluation of Arbitrary Constants
121(3)
Project Problems
124(1)
References
125(2)
5 Eddy Currents in Magnetic Cores 127(44)
5.1 Introduction
127(1)
5.2 Eddy Current Machines (Solid Rotor Induction Machines)
127(5)
5.2.1 Two-Dimensional Model
128(4)
5.2.1.1 Field Components
129(1)
5.2.1.2 Eddy Current Density
130(1)
5.2.1.3 Eddy Current Loss
130(1)
5.2.1.4 Force Density
131(1)
5.2.1.5 Mechanical Power Developed
131(1)
5.2.1.6 Rotor Power Input
131(1)
5.3 Eddy Currents in Large Plates due to Alternating Excitation Current
132(5)
5.3.1 Single-Phase Excitation
133(1)
5.3.2 Polyphase Excitation
134(3)
5.4 Eddy Currents in Cores with Rectangular Cross-Sections
137(2)
5.5 Eddy Currents in Cores with Triangular Cross-Sections
139(4)
5.6 Eddy Currents in Cores with Regular Polygonal Cross-Sections
143(14)
5.6.1 Cores with Triangular Cross-Sections
144(5)
5.6.2 Cores with Hexagonal Cross-Sections
149(3)
5.6.3 Cores with Octagonal Cross-Sections
152(5)
5.7 Eddy Currents in Circular Cores
157(2)
5.8 Distribution of Current Density in Circular Conductors
159(2)
5.9 Eddy Currents in Laminated Rectangular Cores
161(7)
Project Problems
168(1)
References
169(2)
6 Laminated-Rotor Polyphase Induction Machines 171(28)
6.1 Introduction
171(1)
6.2 Two-Dimensional Fields in Anisotropic Media
172(3)
6.3 Cage or Wound Rotor Induction Machines
175(9)
6.3.1 Rotor Parameters
183(1)
6.4 Induction Machines with Skewed Rotor Slots
184(13)
6.4.1 Air-Gap Field
186(3)
6.4.2 Fields in the Anisotropic Rotor Region
189(5)
6.4.3 Determination of Arbitrary Constants
194(3)
Project Problems
197(1)
References
197(2)
7 Unlaminated Rotor Polyphase Induction Machines 199(62)
7.1 Introduction
199(1)
7.2 Tooth-Ripple Harmonics in Solid-Rotor Induction Machines
199(32)
7.2.1 Physical Description
199(4)
7.2.1.1 Slip/Torque Characteristics
200(1)
7.2.1.2 Idealised Configuration
200(3)
7.2.2 Field Distribution in Stator Slots
203(3)
7.2.2.1 Vector Magnetic Potential
203(1)
7.2.2.2 Magnetic Field Intensity
204(2)
7.2.3 Field Distribution in the Air Gap
206(11)
7.2.4 Field Distribution in the Solid Rotor
217(10)
7.2.5 Machine Performances
227(4)
7.2.5.1 Eddy Current Loss
228(1)
7.2.5.2 Force Density
229(1)
7.2.5.3 Mechanical Power Developed
229(1)
7.2.5.4 Rotor Input Power
230(1)
7.2.5.5 Torque
231(1)
7.3 Three-Dimensional Fields in Solid-Rotor Induction Machines
231(28)
7.3.1 Idealised Model
231(2)
7.3.2 Field Distributions
233(15)
7.3.3 Effects of Finite Machine Length
248(1)
7.3.4 Effect of Different Rotor and Stator Lengths
248(1)
7.3.5 Performance Parameters
248(13)
7.3.5.1 Eddy Current Loss
252(5)
7.3.5.2 Force Density
257(1)
7.3.5.3 Mechanical Power Developed
258(1)
7.3.5.4 Rotor Input Power
259(1)
7.3.5.5 Slip-Power Relation
259(1)
Project Problems
259(1)
References
259(2)
8 Case Studies 261(52)
8.1 Introduction
261(1)
8.2 Slot Leakage Inductance for Conductors in Open Slots
261(4)
8.2.1 Physical Configuration
261(1)
8.2.2 Current Density Distribution
261(2)
8.2.3 Vector Magnetic Potential
263(1)
8.2.4 Flux Density
263(1)
8.2.5 Inductance
264(1)
8.3 Leakage Inductance of Transformers
265(8)
8.3.1 Physical Configuration
266(1)
8.3.2 Current Density Distribution
266(1)
8.3.3 Vector Magnetic Potential
267(2)
8.3.4 Magnetic Flux Density
269(1)
8.3.5 Arbitrary Constants
270(1)
8.3.6 Leakage Inductance
271(2)
8.4 Field Theory of Hysteresis Machines
273(13)
8.4.1 Simplifying Assumptions
274(1)
8.4.2 Field Distributions
274(4)
8.4.3 Induction Machine Action
278(3)
8.4.3.1 Eddy Current Density
278(1)
8.4.3.2 Eddy Current Loss
278(1)
8.4.3.3 Force
279(1)
8.4.3.4 Mechanical Power
280(1)
8.4.3.5 Slip-Power Relation
280(1)
8.4.4 Hysteresis Machine Action
281(2)
8.4.4.1 Power Components
282(1)
8.4.4.2 Slip-Power Relation
283(1)
8.4.5 Impact of Different Parameters
283(3)
8.5 Single-Phase Induction Motors with Composite Poles
286(12)
8.5.1 Simplifying Assumptions
287(1)
8.5.2 Idealised Machine Structure
287(1)
8.5.3 Field Distribution
288(10)
8.6 Transient Fields in Plates due to Type 2 Impact Excitations
298(12)
8.6.1 Current Impact Excitation
300(5)
8.6.2 Voltage Impact Excitation
305(5)
Project Problems
310(1)
References
310(3)
9 Numerical Computation 313(52)
9.1 Introduction
313(1)
9.2 Numerical Analysis
313(1)
9.2.1 Computational Errors
314(1)
9.2.2 Numerical Stability
314(1)
9.3 Domain of Numerical Analysis
314(9)
9.3.1 Values of Functions
314(1)
9.3.2 Equations and Systems of Equations
315(1)
9.3.2.1 Linear Algebraic Equations
315(1)
9.3.3 Eigen-Value or Singular Value Problems
316(1)
9.3.4 Optimisation Problem
316(1)
9.3.5 Differential Equations
317(1)
9.3.5.1 Finite Difference Method
317(1)
9.3.5.2 Finite Element Method
317(1)
9.3.6 Numerical Integration
318(4)
9.3.6.1 Integration over Bounded Intervals
318(1)
9.3.6.2 Integration over Unbounded Intervals
319(3)
9.3.7 Software
322(1)
9.4 Types of Equations
323(40)
9.4.1 Relations without Summation or Integration
324(5)
9.4.1.1 Fringing Flux
324(1)
9.4.1.2 Air-Gap Field of a Conductor Deep inside an Open Slot
324(1)
9.4.1.3 Analysis of Eddy Current Induction Machines
325(1)
9.4.1.4 Eddy Currents in a Conducting Plate
325(1)
9.4.1.5 Eddy Currents within a Circular Core
326(1)
9.4.1.6 Distribution of Current Density in a Circular Conductor
326(1)
9.4.1.7 Two-Dimensional Fields in Anisotropic Media
326(1)
9.4.1.8 Field in the Cage or Wound Rotor Machine
327(1)
9.4.1.9 Induction Machine with Skewed Rotor Slots
327(1)
9.4.1.10 Field Theory of Hysteresis Machines
328(1)
9.4.2 Relations Involving Simple Summations
329(2)
9.4.2.1 Eddy Currents in Rectangular and Square Cores
329(1)
9.4.2.2 Eddy Currents in Triangular Core
329(1)
9.4.2.3 Slot Leakage Inductance
330(1)
9.4.2.4 Leakage Inductance of Transformers
330(1)
9.4.2.5 Transient Fields in Plates
330(1)
9.4.3 Summations Leading to Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations
331(16)
9.4.3.1 Potential Distributions in Tooth-Opposite-Tooth Orientation Case
331(3)
9.4.3.2 Potential Distributions in Tooth-Opposite-Slot Orientation
334(2)
9.4.3.3 Potential Distributions in Arbitrary Tooth Orientation
336(2)
9.4.3.4 Air-Gap Permeance
338(1)
9.4.3.5 Magnetic Field near Armature Winding Overhang
338(1)
9.4.3.6 Eddy Currents in Regular Polygonal Cross-Section Cores
339(2)
9.4.3.7 Eddy Currents in Laminated Rectangular Cores
341(1)
9.4.3.8 Tooth-Ripple Harmonics in Solid Rotor Induction Machines
341(3)
9.4.3.9 Three-Dimensional Fields in Solid Rotor Induction Machines
344(2)
9.4.3.10 Single-Phase Induction Motors with Composite Poles Being Considered
346(1)
9.4.4 Integrations Leading to Simultaneous Algebraic Equations
347(16)
9.4.4.1 Tooth-Opposite-Tooth Orientation Case
348(4)
9.4.4.2 Tooth-Opposite-Slot Orientation
352(6)
9.4.4.3 Arbitrary Orientation of Teeth
358(5)
Further Reading
363(2)
Appendix 1: Hilbert Transform 365(2)
Appendix 2: Evaluation of Integrals Involved in Section 4.3.1 367(8)
Appendix 3: Evaluation of Integrals Involved in Section 4.3.2 375(6)
Appendix 4: Evaluation of Integrals Involved in Section 4.3.3 381(14)
Appendix 5: Evaluation of Arbitrary Constants Involved in Section 5.9 395(4)
Appendix 6: Current Sheet Simulation of Stator Winding 399(10)
Index 409
Saurabh Kumar Mukerji obtained his B.Sc from Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), India, and M.Tech and Ph.D from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai. He has more than 50 years of teaching experience at Madhav Engineering College, Gwalior, India; AMU; SRMS College of Engineering and Technology, Bareilly, India; Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia; and Alfatha University, Misurata, Libya. Currently, he is a senior guest professor at Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India. He has published more than 40 research papers in various journals and conference proceedings, as well as served on multiple journal review boards and as executive editor with Thomson George Publishing House, Malaysia.

Ahmad Shahid Khan has more than 42 years of teaching, research, and administrative experience. He obtained his B.Sc, M.Sc, and Ph.D from Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), India. He is currently a visiting professor at Mewat Engineering College (Wakf) Palla, Nuh, India. Previously, he served at AMU as professor and chairman of the Department of Electronics Engineering, registrar, and estate officer (gazetted). He also served as director of the International Institute of Management and Technology, Meerut, India; director of the Vivekananda College of Technology and Management, Aligarh, India; director of the Jauhar College of Engineering and Technology, Rampur, India; and professor at the Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology and the Institute of Management Studies, both in Ghaziabad, India. Widely published, he is a recipient of the Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya Memorial Gold Medal.

Yatendra Pal Singh has more than 7 years of teaching experience. He obtained his graduate, postgraduate, and Ph.D degrees from Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), India. He is currently working as an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Physics at the Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India. He has published more than 25 papers in international conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Geophysical Research, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Solar Physics, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, and Planetary and Space Science. Dr. Singh is also a reviewer of research papers for Progress in Electromagnetic Research and Astrophysics and Space Science.