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E-raamat: Elliptic Tales: Curves, Counting, and Number Theory

  • Formaat: 280 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Mar-2012
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781400841714
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  • Formaat: 280 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Mar-2012
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781400841714

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Elliptic Tales describes the latest developments in number theory by looking at one of the most exciting unsolved problems in contemporary mathematics--the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture. In this book, Avner Ash and Robert Gross guide readers through the mathematics they need to understand this captivating problem.

The key to the conjecture lies in elliptic curves, which may appear simple, but arise from some very deep--and often very mystifying--mathematical ideas. Using only basic algebra and calculus while presenting numerous eye-opening examples, Ash and Gross make these ideas accessible to general readers, and, in the process, venture to the very frontiers of modern mathematics.

Arvustused

"The authors present their discussion in an informal, sometimes playful manner and with detail that will appeal to an audience with a basic understanding of calculus. This book will captivate math enthusiasts as well as readers curious about an intriguing and still unanswered question."--Margaret Dominy, Library Journal "Minimal prerequisites and its clear writing make this book (which even has a few exercises) a great choice for a seminar for mathematics majors, who at some point should have such an excursion to one of the frontiers of mathematics."--Mathematics Magazine "The authors of Elliptic Tales do a superb job in demonstrating the approach that mathematicians take when they confront unsolved problems involving elliptic curves."--Sungkon Chang, Times Higher Education "One cannot help being impressed, in reading the book and pursuing a few of the references, by the magnitude of the enterprise it chronicles."--James Case, SIAM News "Ash and Gross thoroughly explain the statement and significance of the linchpin Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjection... [ A]sh and Gross deliver ample and current intellectual and technical substance."--Choice "I would envision this book as an excellent text for an undergraduate 'capstone' course in mathematics; the book lends itself to independent reading, but topics may be explored in much greater depth and rigor in the classroom. Additionally, the book indeed brings together ideas from calculus, complex variables and algebra, showing how a single mathematical research question may require an integrated understanding of the various branches of mathematics. Thus, it encourages students to reinforce their understanding of these various fields, while simultaneously introducing them to an open question in mathematics and a vibrant field of study."--Lisa A. Berger, Mathematical Reviews Clippings "The book is very pleasantly written, and in my opinion, the authors have done an admirable job in giving an idea to non-experts what the Birch-Swinnerton Dyer conjecture is about."--Jan-Hendrik Evertse, Zentralblatt MATH "The book's most important contributions ... are the sense of discovery, invention, and insight into the habits of mind used by mathematicians on this journey. I would recommend this book to anyone who wants to be challenged mathematically or who wants to experience mathematics as creative and exciting."--Jacqueline Coomes, Mathematics Teacher "[ T]his book is a wonderful introduction to what is arguably one of the most important mathematical problems of our time and for that reason alone it deserves to be widely read. Another reason to recommend this book is the opportunity to share in the readily apparent joy the authors have for their subject and the beauty they see in it, not least because ... joy and beauty are the most important reasons for doing mathematics, irrespective of its dollar value."--Rob Ashmore, Mathematics Today "This book has many nice aspects. Ash and Gross give a truly stimulating introduction to elliptic curves and the BSD conjecture for undergraduate students. The main achievement is to make a relative easy exposition of these so technical topics."--Jonathan Sanchez-Hernandez, Mathematical Society

Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xix
Prologue 1(12)
PART I DEGREE
Chapter 1 Degree of a Curve
13(13)
1 Greek Mathematics
13(1)
2 Degree
14(6)
3 Parametric Equations
20(3)
4 Our Two Definitions of Degree Clash
23(3)
Chapter 2 Algebraic Closures
26(16)
1 Square Roots of Minus One
26(2)
2 Complex Arithmetic
28(2)
3 Rings and Fields
30(2)
4 Complex Numbers and Solving Equations
32(2)
5 Congruences
34(4)
6 Arithmetic Modulo a Prime
38(1)
7 Algebraic Closure
38(4)
Chapter 3 The Projective Plane
42(25)
1 Points at Infinity
42(4)
2 Projective Coordinates on a Line
46(4)
3 Projective Coordinates on a Plane
50(4)
4 Algebraic Curves and Points at Infinity
54(2)
5 Homogenization of Projective Curves
56(5)
6 Coordinate Patches
61(6)
Chapter 4 Multiplicities and Degree
67(15)
1 Curves as Varieties
67(2)
2 Multiplicities
69(3)
3 Intersection Multiplicities
72(4)
4 Calculus for Dummies
76(6)
Chapter 5 Bezout's Theorem
82(13)
1 A Sketch of the Proof
82(6)
2 An Illuminating Example
88(7)
PART II ELLIPTIC CURVES AND ALGEBRA
Chapter 6 Transition to Elliptic Curves
95(5)
Chapter 7 Abelian Groups
100(16)
1 How Big Is Infinity?
100(1)
2 What Is an Abelian Group?
101(2)
3 Generations
103(3)
4 Torsion
106(2)
5 Pulling Rank
108(8)
Appendix: An Interesting Example of Rank and Torsion
110(6)
Chapter 8 Nonsingular Cubic Equations
116(19)
1 The Group Law
116(3)
2 Transformations
119(2)
3 The Discriminant
121(1)
4 Algebraic Details of the Group Law
122(3)
5 Numerical Examples
125(2)
6 Topology
127(4)
7 Other Important Facts about Elliptic Curves
131(2)
5 Two Numerical Examples
133(2)
Chapter 9 Singular Cubics
135(17)
1 The Singular Point and the Group Law
135(1)
2 The Coordinates of the Singular Point
136(1)
3 Additive Reduction
137(2)
4 Split Multiplicative Reduction
139(2)
5 Nonsplit Multiplicative Reduction
141(4)
6 Counting Points
145(1)
7 Conclusion
146(6)
Appendix A Changing the Coordinates of the Singular Point
146(1)
Appendix B Additive Reduction in Detail
147(2)
Appendix C Split Multiplicative Reduction in Detail
149(1)
Appendix D Nonsplit Multiplicative Reduction in Detail
150(2)
Chapter 10 Elliptic Curves over Q
152(9)
1 The Basic Structure of the Group
152(1)
2 Torsion Points
153(2)
3 Points of Infinite Order
155(1)
4 Examples
156(5)
PART III ELLIPTIC CURVES AND ANALYSIS
Chapter 11 Building Functions
161(20)
1 Generating Functions
161(6)
2 Dirichlet Series
167(2)
3 The Riemann Zeta-Function
169(2)
4 Functional Equations
171(3)
5 Euler Products
174(2)
6 Build Your Own Zeta-Function
176(5)
Chapter 12 Analytic Continuation
181(18)
1 A Difference that Makes a Difference
181(4)
2 Taylor Made
185(2)
3 Analytic Functions
187(5)
4 Analytic Continuation
192(4)
5 Zeroes, Poles, and the Leading Coefficient
196(3)
Chapter 13 L-FUNCTIONS
199
1 A Fertile Idea
199(1)
2 The Hasse-Weil Zeta-Function
200(5)
3 The L-Function of a Curve
205
Avner Ash is professor of mathematics at Boston College. Robert Gross is associate professor of mathematics at Boston College. They are the coauthors of Fearless Symmetry: Exposing the Hidden Patterns of Numbers (Princeton).