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E-raamat: Emergence of Intelligence

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  • Formaat: 161 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jun-2018
  • Kirjastus: Nova Science Publishers Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781536138047
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  • Formaat: 161 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jun-2018
  • Kirjastus: Nova Science Publishers Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781536138047
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This book is primarily for computer scientists who research the individual and multitude's intelligence and knowledge representation. The author attempts to answer the following question: Can intelligence spontaneously emerge? The answer is yes. Experimental results will be introduced in order to demonstrate the answer.This book can also be interesting for evolutionary biologists because the evolution of life is not independent of the evolution of intelligence. It is important to therefore consider that this book should not only target computer scientists. So far, intelligence has emerged spontaneously in biological systems only. Simple organisms had very low levels of intelligence during the emergence of life on Earth. Along with their self-development, their forms of intelligence have also been evolving.The author has introduced a concept which demonstrates that a low level of intelligence can emerge spontaneously in certain circumstances. A wide ranging and theoretical background of the Digital Evolutionary Machines (DEM) are described. Many experimental results prove that the answer is yes. The majority of DEMs have died, but some seem to live forever, where only probabilistic effects influence the phenomenon.The DEM concept also was tried and applied in circumstances of a traditional wumpus-world. The result is similar, regardless of what kind of world the DEMs live in. Beings collect data from their surrounding world and build their own or successors' knowledge base. They collect information about energy sources, dangerous places, or anything that is interesting to them. Their own internal logic, interests and desires only decide what they do, and why and how they control their life.
List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction
1(4)
2 Evolution and Intelligence
5(4)
3 The Emergence of Life
9(6)
1 Life on Ancient Earth
9(1)
2 Stanley Miller's Amino Acids Synthesis
10(5)
4 Artificial Intelligence -- An Overview
15(16)
1 Definitions of Artificial Intelligence
16(2)
1.1 Acting Humanly
16(1)
1.2 Thinking Humanly
16(1)
1.3 Thinking Rationally
17(1)
1.4 Acting Rationally
17(1)
2 Theoretical Basis of Artificial Intelligence
18(5)
2.1 Philosophy
18(1)
2.2 Psychology
18(1)
2.3 Mathematics
19(2)
2.4 Neuroscience
21(1)
2.5 Computers
21(2)
3 A Strange Example -- the Wumpus-World
23(3)
3.1 Environmental Properties
25(1)
3.2 Perceptual Abilities of the Agent
25(1)
3.3 Action Abilities of the Agent
25(1)
3.4 Agent's Operation
26(1)
4 Brief History of Artificial Intelligence
26(5)
4.1 Artificial Intelligence in Practice
29(2)
5 Random Walks, Web Crawlers, Machine Learning and Neural Networks
31(10)
1 Random Walks
31(3)
2 Web Crawlers
34(2)
3 Machine Learning
36(1)
4 Neural Networks
37(4)
6 The Digital Evolutionary Machine
41(28)
1 Definitions of Intelligence
43(2)
1.1 Turing-Test
44(1)
1.2 Psychological Definitions
44(1)
1.3 An Alternative Intelligence Definition
45(1)
2 Theoretical Basis of Digital Evolutionary Machine
45(16)
2.1 An Ancient Story
46(2)
2.2 Knowledge Base
48(5)
2.3 The Development of Knowledge Base
53(6)
2.4 Individuals versus Multitude
59(2)
3 Synthetic Worlds
61(3)
3.1 Digital Evolutionary Machines in the Artificial World
62(1)
3.2 Additional Operating Options
63(1)
4 Competition and Cooperation
64(5)
4.1 Regulation Factors of DEMs
65(4)
7 Initial Experiments
69(26)
1 The Artificial World Is the Internet
69(1)
2 DEM System as the Nest of Crawlers
70(2)
3 Experimental Results
72(16)
3.1 DemWorkers Table
73(1)
3.2 ArtiworldNodes, ContentTypes and Events Tables
73(1)
3.3 The Heart of the DEM System
74(4)
3.4 Displaying and Interpretation of DEMs' Fate
78(10)
4 Consequences
88(3)
5 Future Areas for Research and Development
91(4)
8 Digital Evolutionary Machines in the Wumpus-World
95(38)
1 Short Description of the World
99(2)
1.1 Discovering the World
100(1)
2 Knowledge Base versus Probability
101(26)
2.1 Abstract Concepts
120(7)
9 Conclusion and Consequences
127(4)
10 Epilogue
131(2)
References 133(6)
About the Author 139(2)
Index 141