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E-raamat: Emergent Results of Artificial Economics

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Artificial economics is a computational approach aiming to explain economic systems by modeling them as 'societies of intelligent software agents'. This book presents peer-reviewed papers on recent developments in this hybrid of economics and computer science.

Artificial economics is a computational approach that aims to explain economic systems by modeling them as societies of intelligent software agents. The individual agents make autonomous decisions, but their actual behaviors are constrained by available resources, other individuals' behaviors, and institutions. Intelligent software agents have communicative skills that enable simulation of negotiation, trade, reputation, and other forms of knowledge transfer that are at the basis of economic life. Incorporated learning mechanisms may adapt the agents' behaviors. In artificial economics, all system behavior is generated from the individual agents' simulated decisions; no system level laws are a priori imposed. For instance, price convergence and market clearing may emerge, but not necessarily. Thus, artificial economics facilitates the study of the mechanisms that make the economy function. This book presents a selection of peer-reviewed papers addressing recent developments in this field between economics and computer science.
Part I Humans in the System
Multi-Agent Stochastic Simulation for the Electricity Spot Market Price
3(12)
Matylda Jablonska
Tuomo Kauranne
1 Introduction
3(1)
2 Theoretical Framework
4(3)
2.1 Electricity Spot Market Price
4(1)
2.2 Animal Spirits in Financial Markets
5(1)
2.3 Capasso-Morale-Type Population Dynamics
6(1)
3 Multi-Agent Simulations for Electricity Spot Market
7(5)
3.1 Data
7(1)
3.2 Mean-Reverting Jump Diffusion Ensemble Simulation
8(2)
3.3 Ensemble Simulation with Burgers'-Type Interaction
10(2)
4 Conclusions
12(3)
References
13(2)
Referral Hiring and Labor Markets: a Computational Study
15(12)
Samuel Thiriot
Zach Lewkovicz
Philippe Caillou
Jean-Daniel Kant
1 Introduction
16(2)
2 Model and Experimental Settings
18(3)
2.1 Labor Market Model
18(1)
2.2 Social Network Generation
19(1)
2.3 Experimental Settings
20(1)
3 Results
21(3)
3.1 Efficiency of Link Types
21(1)
3.2 Perfect Interactions, Weak Sensitivity to Networks' Structure
22(1)
3.3 Networks with Probabilistic Interactions
23(1)
4 Discussion
24(3)
References
25(2)
An Agent-Based Information Management Approach to Smoothen the Pork Cycle in China
27(14)
Sjoukje A. Osinga
Mark R. Kramer
Gert Jan Hofstede
Adrie J.M. Beulens
1 Introduction
28(1)
1.1 Information Management Objective
28(1)
2 Background Literature
29(2)
2.1 Pork Cycle in China
29(1)
2.2 Interventions from Government
30(1)
2.3 Information Management Based Approach
30(1)
3 Research Questions
31(1)
4 Model
31(3)
4.1 Information Management Approach
32(1)
4.2 Research Models
32(1)
4.3 Decision to Restock
33(1)
4.4 Simulation Process
33(1)
4.5 Fourier Transformation
34(1)
5 Results
34(2)
6 Conclusion and Discussion
36(5)
References
37(4)
Part II Financial Markets
Do Capital Requirements Affect Long-Run Output Trends?
41(12)
Andrea Teglio
Marco Raberto
Silvano Cincotti
1 The Eurace Credit Market Model
43(3)
1.1 Credit Demand
43(1)
1.2 Credit Supply
44(1)
1.3 Matching Demand and Supply of Credit
45(1)
2 The Computational Experiment
46(4)
3 Conclusions
50(3)
References
51(2)
Modeling the Textbook Fractional Reserve Banking System
53(12)
Jacky Mallett
1 Introduction
53(3)
2 Textbook Description
56(1)
3 A Simple Model of the Banking System
57(1)
4 Results
58(4)
4.1 Textbook Description
59(1)
4.2 Regional Banking Model
60(1)
4.3 Evolution of the Money Multiplier
61(1)
5 Conclusion
62(3)
References
63(2)
Learning to Trade in an Unbalanced Market
65(14)
Florian Hauser
Marco LiCalzi
1 Introduction
65(1)
2 The Model
66(1)
3 Convergence to the Competitive Outcome
67(3)
4 The Evolution of Strategic Behavior
70(3)
4.1 Simultaneous Order Clearing
70(2)
4.2 Asynchronous Order Clearing
72(1)
5 Allocative Efficiency
73(6)
References
76(3)
Part III Organization design
Effectivity of Multi Criteria Decision-Making in Organisations: Results of an Agent-Based Simulation
79(12)
Stephan Leitner
Friederike Wall
1 Introduction, Research Question and Research Method
79(1)
2 Simulation Model
80(5)
2.1 Model of Organisations and Options for Organisational Design
81(2)
2.2 The Representation of the Performance Landscapes
83(1)
2.3 Methods of Multi Criteria Decision Making
84(1)
3 Results
85(3)
3.1 Equal Weighting
86(1)
3.2 Schism Approaches
87(1)
3.3 Evaluation Across Multi Criteria Decision Making Methods
87(1)
4 Conclusion
88(3)
References
89(2)
The Problem of Emergency Department Overcrowding: Agent-Based Simulation and Test by Questionnaire
91(12)
Roger A. McCain
Richard Hamilton
Frank Linnehan
1 The Problem of Medical Emergency Department Overcrowding
91(2)
2 Small-Scale Game-Theoretic Models
93(2)
3 Agent-Based Computer Simulation
95(4)
4 Survey Method and Results
99(2)
5 Concluding Summary
101(2)
References
102(1)
An Agent-based Model of Food Safety Practices Adoption
103(14)
Tim Verwaart
Natalia I. Valeeva
1 Introduction
103(3)
2 The Agent Model
106(3)
3 Implementation and Results
109(3)
4 Conclusion
112(5)
References
113(4)
Part IV Macroeconomics
Why Should the Economy be Competitive?
117(12)
Hugues Bersini
Nicolas van Zeebroeck
1 Introduction
118(2)
2 The Model
120(2)
3 Results
122(5)
4 Conclusions
127(2)
References
128(1)
Economic Growth by Waste Generation: the Dynamics of a Vicious Circle
129(10)
Benoit Desmarchelier
Faridah Djellal
Faiz Gallouj
1 Background Literature and Issue
129(1)
2 The Model
130(5)
2.1 A Simple Model of Economic Growth Pulled by Durables
131(1)
2.2 Beyond the Limits: the Throw Away Society
132(3)
3 Heterogeneous Agents and the Waste Stream of Durables
135(2)
4 Conclusion
137(2)
References
137(2)
Using Agentization for Exploring Firm and Labor Dynamics
139(14)
Omar A. Guerrero
Robert L. Axtell
1 Agentization as a Methodological Tool
140(1)
2 Agentization Example
141(6)
2.1 Micro-Foundations
141(1)
2.2 Crude Agentization
142(1)
2.3 Equilibrium Impossibility
142(3)
2.4 Labor Mobility and Time
145(1)
2.5 Heterogeneity and Local Interaction
145(2)
3 Limits Exploration
147(2)
4 Summary and Conclusions
149(4)
References
149(4)
Part V Market dynamics
Firm Entry Diversity, Resource Space Heterogeneity and Market Structure
153(12)
Cesar Garcia-Diaz
Arjen van Witteloostuijn
1 Background
153(1)
2 The Model
154(4)
3 Results
158(4)
4 Conclusions
162(3)
References
163(2)
Time-Dependent Trading Strategies in a Continuous Double Auction
165(12)
Shira Fano
Paolo Pellizzari
1 Introduction
165(2)
2 The Model
167(4)
2.1 Evolution Strategies
168(3)
3 Computational Results
171(2)
4 Quality of the Equilibrium and Robustness Test
173(3)
5 Conclusion
176(1)
References
176(1)
An ACE Wholesale Electricity Market Framework with Bilateral Trading
177(14)
Davide Provenzano
1 Introduction
177(2)
2 Market Composition
179(1)
3 The Match-Making of Agents in the Bilateral Market of Energy
180(2)
3.1 The Bilateral Transaction Mechanism
181(1)
4 The DA Market
182(3)
4.1 The Supply Side
183(1)
4.2 The Demand Side
184(1)
5 Simulation Settings
185(2)
6 Results
187(1)
7 Conclusions
188(3)
References
188(3)
Part VI Games
Dynamics of Cooperation in Spatial Prisoner's Dilemma of Memory-Based Players
191(10)
Chenna Reddy Cotla
1 Introduction
191(1)
2 Model
192(3)
3 Simulation Results
195(3)
4 Discussion
198(1)
5 Conclusion
199(2)
References
199(2)
Indian Food Supply Chains: a Game and Model to Study Economic Behavior
201
S.A. Meijer
J. Raghothama
R. King
B. Palavalli
1 Introduction
201(1)
2 Indian Mango Supply Chain
202(2)
3 A New Design: Mango Mandi Gaming Simulation
204(6)
3.1 Description of the Roles / Agents in the MMGS
204(1)
3.2 Game Design
205(5)
4 Validation
210(1)
5 Conclusions and Discussion
211
References
212