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E-raamat: Empirical Validation of House Energy Rating (HER) Software for Lightweight Housing in Cool Temperate Climates

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  • Sari: Springer Theses
  • Ilmumisaeg: 02-Feb-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319143378
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Springer Theses
  • Ilmumisaeg: 02-Feb-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319143378

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This book reports on the first empirical validation of “AccuRate,” Australia’s national benchmark software tool for house energy ratings. The validation was conducted by the University of Tasmania in collaboration with Forest and Wood Products Australia, the Australian Government, the CSIRO and industry partners. The study presented here describes the results of graphical and statistical analysis of variations observed between the measured and simulated data from three different test buildings in Launceston, Tasmania. It shows that, while the AccuRate software is well suited to modeling energy flows, there are discrepancies between the simulated and measured temperatures of the test buildings. Moreover, it highlights possible connections between the discrepancies in all zones and the outside air temperature, wind speed, global and diffuse solar radiation, and possibly the ground model. Beyond its contribution to further investigations into the ongoing improvement and calibration of the Australian NatHERS-supported AccuRate software, this book also meticulously describes the methodology used in conducting the research, which is expected to pave the way for further studies of this type.

1 Introduction
1(6)
References
4(3)
2 Background to Australian House Energy Rating
7(24)
2.1 Historical and Human Perspective
7(5)
2.2 Climate Change and Global Warming
12(1)
2.3 Greenhouse Gas Reduction
13(4)
2.4 Australian Thermal Performance Regulations
17(4)
2.4.1 BCA Compliance
19(1)
2.4.2 House Energy Star Rating
20(1)
2.5 Industry Reaction
21(10)
References
23(8)
3 Background to HER Program Validation
31(34)
3.1 What to Validate?
31(2)
3.2 Methods of Validation
33(2)
3.3 Is `AccuRate' Accurate?---A Historical Context
35(6)
3.4 Key Elements of Empirical Validation
41(1)
3.5 Previous Australian Validation Research
42(3)
3.6 Previous International Validation Research
45(5)
3.7 Background to Test Buildings for Empirical Validation
50(5)
3.8 Conclusion
55(10)
References
56(9)
4 Methodology
65(134)
4.1 Introduction
65(3)
4.1.1 The Research Methodology
65(2)
4.1.2 Empirical Data
67(1)
4.2 The Thermal Performance Test Cells
68(52)
4.2.1 Introduction
68(1)
4.2.2 Objectives of the Thermal Performance Test Cells
69(1)
4.2.3 The Design of the Thermal Performance Test Cells
69(12)
4.2.4 Other Fabric Considerations
81(8)
4.2.5 Test Cell Placement and Orientation
89(1)
4.2.6 University and Council Approvals
90(1)
4.2.7 Test Cell Construction
91(27)
4.2.8 Summary of the Thermal Performance Test Cells Construction
118(2)
4.3 Empirical Data
120(41)
4.3.1 Introduction
120(1)
4.3.2 Objectives
120(1)
4.3.3 Environmental Conditions Requiring Measurement
121(3)
4.3.4 Parameters Requiring Measurement
124(1)
4.3.5 Additional Environmental Measurements (or Supporting Data)
124(8)
4.3.6 Platforms for Environmental Measurement
132(2)
4.3.7 Building and Site Environmental Measurement
134(2)
4.3.8 Infiltration
136(1)
4.3.9 Infra-red Camera Imagery
136(2)
4.3.10 Defining Room Temperature
138(4)
4.3.11 The Fabrication, Installation and Calibration of Environmental Measuring Equipment
142(2)
4.3.12 DT500 Data Taker Data Loggers
144(2)
4.3.13 Data Logger Programming
146(5)
4.3.14 Calibration of Environmental Measuring Equipment
151(1)
4.3.15 Operational Control of the Thermal Performance Test Cells
152(3)
4.3.16 Thermal Performance Test Cell Data
155(5)
4.3.17 Empirical Data Summary
160(1)
4.4 Detailed Thermal Simulation by AccuRate
161(24)
4.4.1 Introduction
161(1)
4.4.2 Objectives of the AccuRate Detailed Thermal Simulation
161(2)
4.4.3 The AccuRate House Energy Rating Software
163(1)
4.4.4 AccuRate---Standard Inputs
164(7)
4.4.5 AccuRate---Non-standard Inputs
171(10)
4.4.6 The AccuRate Simulations
181(3)
4.4.7 Summary of the Detailed Thermal Simulation by AccuRate
184(1)
4.5 Methods of Analysis
185(4)
4.5.1 Graphical Analysis
186(1)
4.5.2 Statistical Analysis
187(2)
4.6 Conclusion to Methodology
189(10)
References
190(9)
5 Results, Analysis and Discussion of Empirical Validation
199(140)
5.1 Introduction
199(1)
5.2 Climate Data
200(7)
5.2.1 Air Temperature
202(2)
5.2.2 Global Solar Radiation
204(1)
5.2.3 Diffuse Solar Radiation
205(2)
5.2.4 Summary
207(1)
5.3 Variation Between Simulation Types
207(7)
5.3.1 Test Cell Subfloor
208(2)
5.3.2 Test Cell Room
210(2)
5.3.3 Test Cell Roof Space
212(2)
5.3.4 Summary
214(1)
5.4 Empirical Validation Graphs
214(25)
5.4.1 Unenclosed-Perimeter Platform-Floored Test Cell
214(9)
5.4.2 Enclosed-Perimeter Platform-Floored Test Cell
223(9)
5.4.3 Concrete Slab-on-Ground Floored Test Cell
232(6)
5.4.4 Summary for Empirical Validation Graphs
238(1)
5.5 Statistical Analyses
239(91)
5.5.1 Scatter Plot of Measured and Simulated Temperatures
240(12)
5.5.2 Residual Histograms
252(11)
5.5.3 Residual Value Time Series Plots
263(6)
5.5.4 Correlation of Adjoining Zone Residual Values
269(8)
5.5.5 Correlation of External Air Temperature and Zone Residuals
277(13)
5.5.6 Correlation of Wind Speed and Test Cell Residuals
290(10)
5.5.7 Correlation of Wind Direction and Test Cell Residuals
300(7)
5.5.8 Correlation of Global Solar Radiation and Test Cell Residuals
307(13)
5.5.9 Correlation of Diffuse Solar Radiation and Test Cell Residuals
320(10)
5.6 Summary for Results, Analysis and Discussion
330(9)
5.6.1 Climate Data Analysis (Sect. 5.2)
331(1)
5.6.2 Detailed Envelope Simulation (Sect. 5.3)
331(1)
5.6.3 Empirical Validation Graphs (Sect. 5.4)
331(1)
5.6.4 Statistical Analysis (Sect. 5.5)
332(1)
5.6.5 Linking of Specific Analyses
333(2)
References
335(4)
6 Conclusion
339(5)
6.1 Areas for Future Research
342(2)
References 344