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E-raamat: Energy Efficient Servers: Blueprints for Data Center Optimization

  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Apr-2015
  • Kirjastus: APress
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781430266389
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Apr-2015
  • Kirjastus: APress
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781430266389
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Energy Efficient Servers: Blueprints for Data Center Optimizationintroduces and describes for IT professionals the latest server power management technologies and how they work. It explains how these technologies are utilized and what role software plays in their operation, explaining the power and performance trade-offs of each technology, and how these trade-offs differ across various environments. The book teaches the reader how to optimize their environment to use power management technologies to best fit their needs. It shares optimization techniques used by data center administrators and system optimization experts at the worlds most advanced data centers.

The book illustrates these fundamental concepts with examples from common cloud, enterprise, and HPC environments and it empowers the reader to study and understand their own environment though detailed explanation of monitoring and characterization techniques. Building upon this combination of theory, real world examples, and practice, the book helps the reader develop deep understanding and expertise, dispeling common misconceptions about server configuration, component selection, and performance impact of power management.

Muu info

This is an open access book, the electronic versions are freely accessible online.
About the Authors xv
About the Technical Reviewers xvii
Contributing Authors xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Chapter 1 Why Data Center Efficiency Matters
1(20)
An Industry's Call to Action
2(6)
Data Center Infrastructure Energy Use
3(2)
Energy Proportional Server Efficiency
5(1)
Regulatory Environment
6(2)
Measuring Energy Efficiency
8(6)
SPECPower
8(6)
High Performance Computing Efficiency
14(2)
Energy Efficiency and Cost
16(4)
Summary
20(1)
Chapter 2 CPU Power Management
21(50)
Server CPU Architecture/Design
21(12)
CPU Architecture Building Blocks
22(9)
CPU Design Building Blocks
31(1)
Intel Server Processors
32(1)
Introduction to Power
33(5)
CPU Power Breakdown
34(2)
Frequency, Voltage, and Temperature Interactions
36(2)
Power-Saving Techniques
38(3)
Turn It Off
38(1)
Turn It Down
39(1)
Power-Saving Strategies
39(2)
CPU Power and Performance States
41(29)
C-States
43(6)
P-States
49(7)
T-States
56(1)
S-States and G-States
57(1)
SOix
57(1)
Running Average Power Limit (RAPL)
58(8)
CPU Thermal Management
66(3)
CPU Power Management Summary
69(1)
Summary
70(1)
Chapter 3 Memory and I/O Power Management
71(22)
System Memory
71(8)
Memory Architecture Basics
71(1)
Devices and Ranks
72(2)
Memory Error Correction (ECC)
74(1)
Memory Capacity
74(1)
Device Power Characteristics
75(1)
DDR3 vs. DDR4
76(1)
RDIMMs, UDIMMs, SODIMMs, and LRDIMMs
77(1)
Memory Channel Interleave and Imbalanced Memory Configurations
78(1)
Power and Performance States
79(4)
CKE Power Savings
79(2)
Self-Refresh
81(1)
Voltage/Frequency
82(1)
DDR Thermal Management
83(1)
Monitoring Temperature
83(1)
Memory Throttling
83(1)
CPU DDRIO
84(1)
Workload Behavior
85(1)
Memory Reliability Features
85(1)
CPU l/Os
85(5)
CPU Interconnect (QPI)
85(2)
PCle
87(3)
Summary
90(3)
Chapter 4 Platform Power Management
93(60)
Platform Overview
93(4)
Common Platform Components
93(2)
Integration
95(2)
Platform Manageability
97(1)
CPU Sockets
97(2)
Node Controllers
98(1)
Memory Risers and Memory Buffer Chips
99(1)
Server Chipsets
100(5)
PCH and Platform Power Management
102(2)
PCH Power Management
104(1)
PCle in Chipsets
105(1)
PCH Thermal Management
105(1)
Networking
105(6)
Ambient Temperature, TDP, and Thermal Management
106(2)
Attached Media
108(1)
LAN Power Management Features
109(2)
USB
111(1)
Link Power States
111(1)
Link Frequency/Voltage
112(1)
Storage
112(6)
Storage Servers and Power Management
113(1)
HDDs and SDDs
114(1)
SATA and SAS Drive Power Management
114(2)
Frequency/Voltage
116(1)
NVMe Drive Power Management
117(1)
Power Delivery
118(19)
Overview of Power Delivery
118(4)
Power Converter Basics
122(6)
Power Conversion Losses
128(9)
Thermal Management
137(14)
System Considerations
141(2)
Component Thermal Management Features
143(2)
Platform Thermal Management
145(4)
Fan Speed Control and Design
149(2)
Summary
151(2)
Chapter 5 BIOS and Management Firmware
153(20)
BIOS Firmware
154(9)
Microcode Update
155(1)
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
156(6)
Setup Utility
162(1)
Management Firmware
163(8)
Node Manager Capabilities
163(5)
IPMI
168(3)
ACPI Power Metering Objects
171(1)
Summary
171(2)
Chapter 6 Operating Systems
173(36)
Operating Systems
174(21)
C-state Control
174(2)
C-state Policy
176(2)
P-state Control
178(5)
P-state Policy
183(4)
T-state Control
187(1)
Global Power Policy
187(1)
Process Scheduling
188(4)
Memory Management
192(1)
Device Drivers
193(2)
Virtualization
195(6)
Power State Control
195(3)
Consolidation
198(1)
VM Migration
199(2)
Comparison of Operating Environments
201(6)
Microsoft Windows Server (including Hyper-V)
201(2)
Linux Distributions (including KVM)
203(3)
VMWare ESX
206(1)
Summary
207(2)
Chapter 7 Monitoring
209(60)
Hardware Monitoring
209(21)
Fixed Counters
210(1)
Core Performance Monitors
210(1)
Uncore Performance Monitors
211(2)
Status Snapshots
213(1)
Counter Access and Counter Constraints
214(1)
Events and Metrics
214(16)
Management Controller Monitoring
230(5)
Component Power Sensors
230(1)
Synthetic Sensors
231(1)
Sensors and Events
231(4)
Software Monitoring
235(14)
Utilization and Processor Time
236(4)
Processor Power State Requests
240(3)
Scheduler, Processes, and Threads
243(1)
Interrupts
244(1)
Memory
245(2)
I/O
247(2)
Tools
249(19)
Health Checks
249(5)
Hardware Monitoring Tools
254(11)
Operating System Monitoring Tools
265(3)
Summary
268(1)
Chapter 8 Characterization and Optimization
269(38)
Workloads
271(6)
Identifying Suitable Workloads
272(1)
Workload Types
273(4)
System Characterization
277(8)
Steady State vs. Non-Steady State
277(1)
Data Collection
278(2)
Methodology
280(1)
Analysis
281(4)
Optimization
285(21)
CPU Power Management
285(13)
Memory
298(2)
NIC
300(1)
Storage
301(1)
Thermal Management
302(1)
Optimization at a Glance
303(3)
Summary
306(1)
Chapter 9 Data Center Management
307(12)
Data Center Management and Power Distribution
307(1)
Data Center Facilities
307(7)
Power Infrastructure
308(4)
Cooling Infrastructure
312(2)
Simplified Total Cost Models of Cost and Compute Infrastructure
314(2)
Performance per Watt per Dollar
316(1)
Summary
317(2)
Appendix A Technology and Terms 319(8)
Index 327
Corey Gough is a principal engineer focused on server energy efficiency in Intels Data Center Group. He currently leads efforts in power and performance analysis, system optimization, and new technology exploration with 17 years of expertise in power/performance. Corey lives in Portland, Oregon, and earned his BS in Computer Science from the University of Oregon.