About the Authors |
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xv | |
About the Technical Reviewers |
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xvii | |
Contributing Authors |
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xix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxi | |
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Chapter 1 Why Data Center Efficiency Matters |
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1 | (20) |
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An Industry's Call to Action |
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2 | (6) |
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Data Center Infrastructure Energy Use |
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3 | (2) |
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Energy Proportional Server Efficiency |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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Measuring Energy Efficiency |
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8 | (6) |
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8 | (6) |
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High Performance Computing Efficiency |
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14 | (2) |
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Energy Efficiency and Cost |
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16 | (4) |
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20 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 CPU Power Management |
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21 | (50) |
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Server CPU Architecture/Design |
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21 | (12) |
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CPU Architecture Building Blocks |
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22 | (9) |
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CPU Design Building Blocks |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (5) |
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34 | (2) |
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Frequency, Voltage, and Temperature Interactions |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (3) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
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CPU Power and Performance States |
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41 | (29) |
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43 | (6) |
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49 | (7) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Running Average Power Limit (RAPL) |
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58 | (8) |
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66 | (3) |
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CPU Power Management Summary |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 Memory and I/O Power Management |
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71 | (22) |
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71 | (8) |
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Memory Architecture Basics |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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Memory Error Correction (ECC) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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Device Power Characteristics |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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RDIMMs, UDIMMs, SODIMMs, and LRDIMMs |
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77 | (1) |
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Memory Channel Interleave and Imbalanced Memory Configurations |
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78 | (1) |
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Power and Performance States |
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79 | (4) |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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Memory Reliability Features |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (5) |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (3) |
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90 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Platform Power Management |
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93 | (60) |
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93 | (4) |
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Common Platform Components |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (2) |
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98 | (1) |
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Memory Risers and Memory Buffer Chips |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (5) |
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PCH and Platform Power Management |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (6) |
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Ambient Temperature, TDP, and Thermal Management |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (1) |
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LAN Power Management Features |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (6) |
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Storage Servers and Power Management |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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SATA and SAS Drive Power Management |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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NVMe Drive Power Management |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (19) |
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Overview of Power Delivery |
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118 | (4) |
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122 | (6) |
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128 | (9) |
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137 | (14) |
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141 | (2) |
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Component Thermal Management Features |
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143 | (2) |
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Platform Thermal Management |
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145 | (4) |
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Fan Speed Control and Design |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 BIOS and Management Firmware |
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153 | (20) |
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154 | (9) |
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155 | (1) |
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface |
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156 | (6) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (8) |
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Node Manager Capabilities |
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163 | (5) |
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168 | (3) |
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ACPI Power Metering Objects |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Operating Systems |
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173 | (36) |
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174 | (21) |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (5) |
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183 | (4) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (4) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (6) |
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195 | (3) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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Comparison of Operating Environments |
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201 | (6) |
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Microsoft Windows Server (including Hyper-V) |
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201 | (2) |
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Linux Distributions (including KVM) |
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203 | (3) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (60) |
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209 | (21) |
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210 | (1) |
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Core Performance Monitors |
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210 | (1) |
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Uncore Performance Monitors |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (1) |
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Counter Access and Counter Constraints |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (16) |
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Management Controller Monitoring |
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230 | (5) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (4) |
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235 | (14) |
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Utilization and Processor Time |
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236 | (4) |
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Processor Power State Requests |
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240 | (3) |
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Scheduler, Processes, and Threads |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (19) |
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249 | (5) |
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Hardware Monitoring Tools |
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254 | (11) |
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Operating System Monitoring Tools |
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265 | (3) |
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268 | (1) |
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Chapter 8 Characterization and Optimization |
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269 | (38) |
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271 | (6) |
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Identifying Suitable Workloads |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (4) |
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277 | (8) |
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Steady State vs. Non-Steady State |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (4) |
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285 | (21) |
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285 | (13) |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (3) |
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306 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Data Center Management |
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307 | (12) |
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Data Center Management and Power Distribution |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (7) |
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308 | (4) |
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312 | (2) |
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Simplified Total Cost Models of Cost and Compute Infrastructure |
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314 | (2) |
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Performance per Watt per Dollar |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (2) |
Appendix A Technology and Terms |
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319 | (8) |
Index |
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327 | |