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E-raamat: Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, Fourth Edition

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Nov-2021
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Education
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781260456417
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Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, Fourth EditionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Nov-2021
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Education
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781260456417
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A definitive guide to energy systems engineering thoroughly updated for the latest technologies

Fully revised for the latest technologies and data, this hands-on guide clearly explains the design, evaluation, and environmental impact of both conventional and sustainable energy systems. You will get comprehensive coverage of all types of energy systems, from fossil fuels and nuclear energy to solar, wind, and biofuels. Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, Fourth Edition lays out each technology and discusses applications, benefits, and liabilities. This edition contains brand-new chapters that cover energy conservation, small-scale hydropower, geothermal, and heat pump systems, among other subjects.

Coverage includes:

  • Engineering economic tools
  • Climate change and climate modeling
  • Fossil fuel resources
  • Stationary combustion systems
  • Energy conservation
  • Carbon sequestration
  • Nuclear energy systems
  • Solar energy
  • Solar photovoltaic technologies
  • Active and passive solar thermal applications
  • Wind energy systems
  • Bioenergy resources and systems
  • Transportation energy technologies, including electric vehicles
  • Systems perspective on transportation energy
  • Emerging technologies and systems
  • Creating the twenty-first-century energy system

Preface to the Fourth Edition xxi
Acknowledgments xxv
Note to Instructors xxix
1 Introduction
1(30)
1-1 Overview
1(1)
1-2 Introduction
1(3)
1-2-1 Historic Growth in Energy Supply
2(2)
1-3 Relationship between Energy, Population, and Wealth
4(5)
1-3-1 Correlation between Energy Use and Wealth
6(1)
1-3-2 Human Development Index: An Alternative Means of Evaluating Prosperity
6(3)
1-4 Pressures Facing World due to Energy Consumption
9(11)
1-4-1 Industrial versus Emerging Countries
9(6)
1-4-2 Pressure on CO2 Emissions
15(2)
1-4-3 Observations about Energy Use and CO2 Emissions Trends
17(1)
1-4-4 Discussion: Contrasting Mainstream and Deep Ecologic Perspectives on Energy Requirements
18(2)
1-5 Energy Issues and the Contents of This Book
20(5)
1-5-1 Motivations, Techniques, and Applications
20(2)
1-5-2 Initial Comparison of Three Underlying Primary Energy Sources
22(3)
1-6 Units of Measure Used in Energy Systems
25(3)
1-6-1 Metric (SI) Units
25(2)
1-6-2 U.S. Standard Customary Units
27(1)
1-6-3 Units Related to Oil Production and Consumption
28(1)
1-7 Summary
28(3)
References
28(1)
Further Reading
29(1)
Exercises
29(2)
2 Engineering Economic Tools
31(28)
2-1 Overview
31(1)
2-2 Introduction
31(3)
2-2-1 The Time Value of Money
32(2)
2-3 Economic Analysis of Energy Projects and Systems
34(13)
2-3-1 Definition of Terms
34(1)
2-3-2 Evaluation without Discounting
34(1)
2-3-3 Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
35(9)
2-3-4 Maximum Payback Period Method
44(2)
2-3-5 Levelized Cost of Energy
46(1)
2-4 Direct versus External Costs and Benefits
47(1)
2-5 Intervention in Energy Investments to Achieve Social Aims
48(3)
2-5-1 Methods of Intervention in Energy Technology Investments
49(2)
2-5-2 Critiques of Intervention in Energy Investments
51(1)
2-6 NPV Case Study Example
51(5)
2-7 Summary
56(3)
References
56(1)
Further Reading
56(1)
Exercises
56(3)
3 Climate Change and Climate Modeling
59(34)
3-1 Overview
59(1)
3-2 Introduction
59(9)
3-2-1 Relationship between the Greenhouse Effect and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
60(1)
3-2-2 Carbon Cycle and Solar Radiation
60(1)
3-2-3 Quantitative Imbalance in CO2 Flows into and out of the Atmosphere
61(3)
3-2-4 Consensus on the Human Link to Climate Change: Taking the Next Steps
64(2)
3-2-5 Early Indications of Change and Remaining Areas of Uncertainty
66(2)
3-3 Modeling Climate and Climate Change
68(12)
3-3-1 Relationship between Wavelength, Energy Flux, and Absorption
70(5)
3-3-2 A Model of the Earth-Atmosphere System
75(4)
3-3-3 General Circulation Models of Global Climate
79(1)
3-4 Climate in the Future
80(10)
3-4-1 Positive and Negative Feedback from Climate Change
80(3)
3-4-2 Scenarios for Future Rates of CO2 Emissions, CO2 Stabilization Values, and Average Global Temperature
83(3)
3-4-3 Recent Efforts to Counteract Climate Change: The Paris Climate Accord (2015--2020)
86(4)
3-5 Summary
90(3)
References
90(1)
Further Reading
90(1)
Exercises
91(2)
4 Fossil Fuel Resources
93(28)
4-1 Overview
93(1)
4-2 Introduction
93(9)
4-2-1 Characteristics of Fossil Fuels
94(3)
4-2-2 Current Rates of Consumption and Total Resource Availability
97(4)
4-2-3 CO2 Emissions Comparison and a "Decarbonization" Strategy
101(1)
4-3 Decline of Conventional Fossil Fuels and a Possible Transition to Nonconventional Alternatives
102(16)
4-3-1 Hubbert Curve Applied to Resource Lifetime
103(6)
4-3-2 Potential Role for Nonconventional Fossil Resources as Substitutes for Oil and Gas
109(1)
4-3-3 Example of U.S. and World Nonconventional Oil Development
110(2)
4-3-4 Global Oil Peak Demand as an Alternative to Peak Supply
112(1)
4-3-5 Discussion: Potential Ecological and Social Impacts of Evolving Fossil Fuel Extraction
113(4)
4-3-6 Conclusion: The Past and Future of Fossil Fuels
117(1)
4-4 Summary
118(3)
References
119(1)
Further Reading
119(1)
Exercises
120(1)
5 Stationary Combustion Systems
121(52)
5-1 Overview
121(1)
5-2 Introduction
121(3)
5-2-1 A Systems Approach to Combustion Technology
124(1)
5-3 Fundamentals of Combustion Cycle Calculation
124(10)
5-3-1 Brief Review of Thermodynamics
125(1)
5-3-2 Rankine Vapor Cycle
126(5)
5-3-3 Brayton Gas Cycle
131(3)
5-4 Advanced Combustion Cycles for Maximum Efficiency
134(11)
5-4-1 Supercritical Cycle
134(2)
5-4-2 Combined Cycle
136(4)
5-4-3 Cogeneration and Combined Heat and Power
140(5)
5-5 Economic Analysis of Stationary Combustion Systems
145(17)
5-5-1 Calculation of Levelized Cost of Electricity Production
146(3)
5-5-2 Case Study of Small-Scale Cogeneration Systems
149(3)
5-5-3 Case Study of Combined Cycle Cogeneration Systems
152(4)
5-5-4 Integrating Different Electricity Generation Sources into the Grid
156(6)
5-6 Incorporating Environmental Considerations into Combustion Project Cost Analysis
162(1)
5-7 Reducing CO2 by Capturing Emissions
163(2)
5-8 Systems Issues in Combustion in the Future
165(1)
5-9 Representative Levelized Cost Calculation for Electricity from Natural Gas
166(1)
5-10 Summary
167(6)
References
168(1)
Further Reading
168(1)
Exercises
169(4)
6 Energy Conservation
173(62)
6-1 Overview
173(1)
6-2 Role of Conservation in Energy Sustainability
173(10)
6-2-1 The Efficiency and Conservation Opportunity
174(6)
6-2-2 The Role of Individual and Organizational Action in Energy Conservation
180(2)
6-2-3 Pursuing Conservation through Technological versus Deep Ecology Approaches
182(1)
6-3 Understanding Energy Efficiency
183(3)
6-4 Energy Conservation in Buildings
186(29)
6-4-1 Load Reduction
189(12)
6-4-2 Selection of Energy-Efficient HVAC Equipment and Operating Strategies
201(9)
6-4-3 Application of Regenerative Resources
210(1)
6-4-4 Application of Renewable Resources
211(1)
6-4-5 Building Commissioning and "Refreshing"
211(3)
6-4-6 Building Standards, Design Guides, and Benchmarking
214(1)
6-5 Energy Conservation through Appliance Selection and Operation
215(5)
6-5-1 Residential Appliances
216(2)
6-5-2 Commercial Appliances
218(2)
6-6 Energy Conservation in Industry
220(3)
6-7 Energy Conservation in Agriculture, Water, and Food Production
223(6)
6-8 Conclusion
229(6)
References
229(3)
Further Reading
232(1)
Exercises
232(3)
7 Carbon Sequestration
235(26)
7-1 Overview
235(1)
7-2 Introduction
235(1)
7-3 Indirect Sequestration
236(6)
7-3-1 The Photosynthesis Reaction: The Core Process of Indirect Sequestration
238(1)
7-3-2 Indirect Sequestration in Practice
239(2)
7-3-3 Future Prospects for Indirect Sequestration
241(1)
7-4 Geological Storage of CO2
242(9)
7-4-1 Removing CO2 from Waste Stream
242(1)
7-4-2 Options for Direct Sequestration in Geologically Stable Reservoirs
243(7)
7-4-3 Prospects for Geological Sequestration
250(1)
7-5 Sequestration through Conversion of CO2 into Inert Materials
251(2)
7-6 Direct Removal of CO2 from Atmosphere for Sequestration
253(1)
7-7 Overall Comparison of Sequestration Options
254(2)
7-8 Summary
256(5)
References
256(1)
Further Reading
257(1)
Exercises
257(4)
8 Nuclear Energy Systems
261(40)
8-1 Overview
261(1)
8-2 Introduction
261(5)
8-2-1 Brief History of Nuclear Energy
262(2)
8-2-2 Current Status of Nuclear Energy
264(2)
8-3 Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Resources
266(7)
8-3-1 Reactions Associated with Nuclear Energy
269(3)
8-3-2 Availability of Resources for Nuclear Energy
272(1)
8-4 Reactor Designs: Mature Technologies and Emerging Alternatives
273(9)
8-4-1 Established Reactor Designs
273(5)
8-4-2 Alternative Fission Reactor Designs
278(4)
8-5 Nuclear Fusion
282(2)
8-6 Nuclear Energy and Society: Environmental, Political, and Security Issues
284(12)
8-6-1 Contribution of Nuclear Energy to Reducing CO2 Emissions
284(2)
8-6-2 Management of Radioactive Substances during Life Cycle of Nuclear Energy
286(5)
8-6-3 Nuclear Energy and the Prevention of Proliferation
291(2)
8-6-4 The Effect of Public Perception on Nuclear Energy
293(2)
8-6-5 Future Prospects for Nuclear Energy
295(1)
8-7 Representative Levelized Cost Calculation for Electricity from Nuclear Fission
296(1)
8-8 Summary
297(4)
References
297(1)
Further Reading
298(1)
Exercises
299(2)
9 The Solar Resource
301(28)
9-1 Overview
301(1)
9-1-1 Symbols Used in This
Chapter
301(1)
9-2 Introduction
301(5)
9-2-1 Availability of Energy from the Sun and Geographic Availability
301(5)
9-3 Definition of Solar Geometric Terms and Calculation of Sun's Position by Time of Day
306(9)
9-3-1 Relationship between Solar Position and Angle of Incidence on Solar Surface
311(1)
9-3-2 Method for Approximating Daily Energy Reaching a Solar Device
312(3)
9-4 Effect of Diffusion on Solar Performance
315(10)
9-4-1 Direct, Diffuse, and Global Insolation
315(6)
9-4-2 Climatic and Seasonal Effects
321(2)
9-4-3 Effect of Surface Tilt on Insolation Diffusion
323(2)
9-5 Summary
325(4)
References
326(1)
Further Reading
326(1)
Exercises
327(2)
10 Solar Photovoltaic Technologies
329(46)
10-1 Overview
329(1)
10-1-1 Symbols Used in This
Chapter
329(1)
10-2 Introduction
329(6)
10-2-1 Alternative Approaches to Manufacturing PV Panels
334(1)
10-3 Fundamentals of PV Cell Performance
335(9)
10-3-1 Losses in PV Cells and Gross Current Generated by Incoming Light
337(3)
10-3-2 Net Current Generated as a Function of Device Parameters
340(3)
10-3-3 Other Factors Affecting Performance
343(1)
10-3-4 Calculation of Unit Cost of PV Panels
343(1)
10-4 Design and Operation of Practical PV Systems
344(24)
10-4-1 Available System Components for Different Types of Designs
344(7)
10-4-2 Estimating Output from PV System: Basic Approach Using PV Watts
351(3)
10-4-3 Estimating Output from PV System: Extended Approach
354(8)
10-4-4 Year-to-Year Variability of PV System Output
362(1)
10-4-5 Economics of PV Systems
362(6)
10-5 Life-Cycle Energy and Environmental Considerations
368(2)
10-6 Representative Levelized Cost Calculation for Electricity from Solar PV
370(1)
10-7 Summary
370(5)
References
371(1)
Further Reading
371(1)
Exercises
372(3)
11 Active Solar Thermal Applications
375(38)
11-1 Overview
375(1)
11-2 Symbols Used in This
Chapter
375(1)
11-3 General Comments
375(2)
11-4 Flat-Plate Solar Collectors
377(9)
11-4-1 General Characteristics, Flat-Plate Solar Collectors
377(2)
11-4-2 Solar Collectors with Liquid as the Transport Fluid
379(1)
11-4-3 Solar Collectors with Air as the Transport Fluid
379(1)
11-4-4 Unglazed Solar Collectors
380(1)
11-4-5 Other Heat Transfer Fluids for Flat-Plate Solar Collectors
380(1)
11-4-6 Selective Surfaces
380(1)
11-4-7 Reverse-Return Piping
381(1)
11-4-8 Hybrid PV/Thermal Systems
382(1)
11-4-9 Evacuated-Tube Solar Collectors
382(2)
11-4-10 Performance Case Study of an Evacuated Tube System
384(2)
11-5 Concentrating Collectors
386(7)
11-5-1 General Characteristics, Concentrating Solar Collectors
386(1)
11-5-2 Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Collectors
386(1)
11-5-3 Parabolic Dish Concentrating Solar Collectors
387(1)
11-5-4 Power Tower Concentrating Solar Collectors
387(1)
11-5-5 Solar Cookers
388(5)
11-6 Heat Transfer in Flat-Plate Solar Collectors
393(16)
11-6-1 Solar Collector Energy Balance
393(1)
11-6-2 Testing and Rating Procedures for Flat-Plate, Glazed Solar Collectors
394(1)
11-6-3 Heat Exchangers and Thermal Storages
395(1)
11-6-4 f-Chart for System Analysis
396(5)
11-6-5 f-Chart for System Design
401(5)
11-6-6 Optimizing the Combination of Solar Collector Array and Heat Exchanger
406(1)
11-6-7 Pebble Bed Thermal Storage for Air Collectors
406(3)
11-7 Summary
409(4)
References
409(1)
Further Reading
409(1)
Exercises
409(4)
12 Passive Solar Thermal Applications
413(30)
12-1 Overview
413(1)
12-2 Symbols Used in This
Chapter
413(1)
12-3 General Comments
413(2)
12-4 Thermal Comfort Considerations
415(1)
12-5 Building Enclosure Considerations
416(1)
12-6 Heating Degree Days and Seasonal Heat Requirements
416(3)
12-6-1 Adjusting HDD Values to a Different Base Temperature
417(2)
12-7 Types of Passive Solar Heating Systems
419(4)
12-7-1 Direct Gain
420(1)
12-7-2 Indirect Gain, Trombe Wall
420(2)
12-7-3 Isolated Gain
422(1)
12-8 Solar Transmission through Windows
423(1)
12-9 Load: Collector Ratio Method for Analysis
424(5)
12-10 Conservation Factor Addendum to the LCR Method
429(2)
12-11 Load: Collector Ratio Method for Design
431(3)
12-12 Passive Ventilation by Thermal Buoyancy
434(3)
12-13 Designing Window Overhangs for Passive Solar Systems
437(2)
12-14 Summary
439(4)
References
439(1)
Exercises
440(3)
13 Wind Energy Systems
443(58)
13-1 Overview
443(1)
13-2 Introduction
443(8)
13-2-1 Components of a Turbine
447(2)
13-2-2 Comparison of Onshore and Offshore Wind
449(1)
13-2-3 Alternative Turbine Designs: Horizontal versus Vertical Axis
450(1)
13-3 Using Wind Data to Evaluate a Potential Location
451(10)
13-3-1 Using Statistical Distributions to Approximate Available Energy
452(5)
13-3-2 Effects of Height, Season, Time of Day, and Direction on Wind Speed
457(4)
13-4 Estimating Output from a Specific Turbine for a Proposed Site
461(6)
13-4-1 Rated Capacity and Capacity Factor
465(2)
13-5 Turbine Design
467(17)
13-5-1 Theoretical Limits on Turbine Performance
468(4)
13-5-2 Tip Speed Ratio, Induced Radial Wind Speed, and Optimal Turbine Rotation Speed
472(4)
13-5-3 Analysis of Turbine Blade Design
476(7)
13-5-4 Steps in Turbine Design Process
483(1)
13-6 Economic and Social Dimensions of Wind Energy Feasibility
484(9)
13-6-1 Economics of Large-Scale Wind Projects
485(1)
13-6-2 Economics of Small-Scale Wind Systems
486(2)
13-6-3 Integration of Wind with Other Intermittent and Dispatchable Resources
488(3)
13-6-4 Public Perception of Wind Energy and Social Feasibility
491(2)
13-7 Representative Levelized Cost Calculation for Electricity from Utility-Scale Wind
493(1)
13-8 Summary
493(8)
References
494(1)
Further Reading
494(1)
Exercises
495(6)
14 Bioenergy Resources and Systems
501(30)
14-1 Overview
501(1)
14-2 Introduction
501(5)
14-2-1 Policies
502(1)
14-2-2 Net Energy Balance Ratio and Life-Cycle Analysis
503(2)
14-2-3 Productivity of Fuels per Unit of Cropland per Year
505(1)
14-3 Biomass
506(4)
14-3-1 Sources of Biomass
507(2)
14-3-2 Pretreatment Technologies
509(1)
14-4 Platforms
510(2)
14-4-1 Sugar Platform
510(1)
14-4-2 Syngas Platform
511(1)
14-4-3 Bio-Oil Platform
511(1)
14-4-4 Carboxylate Platform
512(1)
14-5 Alcohol
512(7)
14-5-1 Sugarcane to Ethanol
514(1)
14-5-2 Corn Grain to Ethanol
515(3)
14-5-3 Cellulosic Ethanol
518(1)
14-5-4 n-Butanol
518(1)
14-6 Biodiesel
519(2)
14-6-1 Production Processes
520(1)
14-6-2 Life-Cycle Assessment
521(1)
14-7 Methane and Hydrogen (Biogas)
521(5)
14-7-1 Anaerobic Digestion
522(3)
14-7-2 Anaerobic Hydrogen-Producing Systems
525(1)
14-8 Summary
526(5)
References
526(1)
Further Reading
527(1)
Exercises
527(4)
15 Transportation Energy Technologies
531(60)
15-1 Overview
531(1)
15-2 Introduction
531(10)
15-2-1 Definition of Terms
535(1)
15-2-2 Endpoint Technologies for a Petroleum- and Carbon-Free Transportation System
535(4)
15-2-3 Competition between Emerging and Incumbent Technologies
539(2)
15-3 Vehicle Design Considerations and Alternative Propulsion Designs
541(12)
15-3-1 Criteria for Measuring Vehicle Performance
541(5)
15-3-2 Options for Improving Conventional Vehicle Efficiency
546(1)
15-3-3 Power Requirements for Nonhighway Modes
547(6)
15-4 Alternatives to ICEVs: Alternative Fuels and Propulsion Platforms
553(30)
15-4-1 Battery-Electric Vehicles
553(9)
15-4-2 Hybrid Vehicles
562(8)
15-4-3 Biofuels: Adapting Bioenergy for Transportation Applications
570(3)
15-4-4 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems and Vehicles
573(10)
15-5 Well-to-Wheel Analysis as a Means of Comparing Alternatives
583(1)
15-6 Summary
584(7)
References
585(1)
Further Reading
585(2)
Exercises
587(4)
16 Systems Perspective on Transportation Energy
591(54)
16-1 Overview
591(1)
16-2 Introduction
591(7)
16-2-1 Ways of Categorizing Transportation Systems
593(2)
16-2-2 Influence of Transportation Type on Energy Requirements
595(1)
16-2-3 Units for Measuring Transportation Energy Efficiency
596(2)
16-3 Recent Trends and Current Assessment of Energy Use in Transportation Systems
598(14)
16-3-1 Passenger Transportation Energy Trends and Current Status
600(5)
16-3-2 Freight Transportation Energy Trends and Current Status
605(5)
16-3-3 Estimated CO2 Emissions Factors by Mode
610(2)
16-4 Applying a Systems Approach to Transportation Energy
612(17)
16-4-1 Modal Shifting to More Efficient Modes
612(10)
16-4-2 Rationalizing Transportation Systems to Improve Energy Efficiency
622(3)
16-4-3 Integrating Light-Duty Vehicles and Electricity Supply to Optimize Vehicle Charging and Grid Performance
625(4)
16-5 Understanding Transition Pathways for New Technology
629(5)
16-6 Toward a Policy for Future Transportation Energy from a Systems Perspective
634(4)
16-6-1 Metropolitan Region Energy Efficiency Plan
634(2)
16-6-2 Allocating Emerging Energy Sources and Technologies to Transportation Sectors
636(2)
16-7 Summary
638(7)
References
638(1)
Further Reading
639(1)
Exercises
640(5)
17 Other Technologies and Systems
645(36)
17-1 Overview
645(1)
17-2 Introduction
645(1)
17-3 Biomass Energy Application for Heat and Power
646(4)
17-3-1 Case Study of Biomass-Fired Combined Heat and Power System
648(2)
17-4 Energy from Water: Hydropower, Tidal, and Wave Energy
650(12)
17-4-1 Small-Scale Hydropower Systems
652(6)
17-4-2 Pumped Storage Using Hydropower
658(3)
17-4-3 Tidal and Wave Power
661(1)
17-5 Energy Extraction Using Heat Pumps
662(6)
17-5-1 Examples of Air-Source and Ground-Source Heat Pumps
664(4)
17-6 Energy Recovery from the Waste Stream
668(8)
17-6-1 Waste-to-Energy Conversion Systems
669(2)
17-6-2 Wastewater Energy Recovery and Food Waste Energy Conversion
671(3)
17-6-3 Effluent Thermal Energy Recovery
674(2)
17-7 Summary
676(5)
References
676(1)
Further Reading
677(1)
Exercises
678(3)
18 Conclusion: Creating the Twenty-First-Century Energy System
681(24)
18-1 Overview
681(1)
18-2 Introduction: Energy in the Context of the Economic-Ecologic Conflict
681(6)
18-2-1 Comparison of Three Energy System Endpoints: Toward a Portfolio Approach
683(2)
18-2-2 Summary of End-of-Chapter Levelized Cost Values
685(1)
18-2-3 Comparison of Life Cycle CO2 Emissions per Unit of Energy
686(1)
18-3 Sustainable Energy for Developing Countries
687(1)
18-4 Pathways to a Sustainable Energy Future: A Case Study
688(11)
18-4-1 Renewable Scenario Results
690(1)
18-4-2 Comparison to Possible Nuclear or CCS Pathways
691(1)
18-4-3 Comparison of Industrialized versus Emerging Contribution
692(1)
18-4-4 Discussion
693(6)
18-5 The Role of the Energy Professional in Creating the Energy Systems of the Future
699(3)
18-5-1 Roles for Energy Professionals Outside of Formal Work
700(2)
18-6 Summary
702(3)
References
702(1)
Further Reading
703(1)
Exercise
703(2)
A Guide to Online Appendices 705(2)
Index 707
Francis M. Vanek, Ph.D., is a Lecturer and Research Assistant in the Departments of Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering and Civil And Environmental Engineering and the Systems Engineering Program at Cornell University, where he specializes in the areas of energy efficiency, alternative energy, and energy for transportation. He is also a consultant with Taitem Engineering of Ithaca, NY.





Louis D. Albright, Ph.D., is Professor of Biological and Environmental Engineering and Stephen H. Weiss Presidential Fellow at Cornell University. A Fellow of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), he is the author of Environmental Control for Animals and Plants.
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