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E-raamat: Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, Third Edition

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2016
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Education
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781259585104
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Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, Third EditionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2016
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Education
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781259585104
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"Fully updated to cover the latest energy systems and technologies, this in-depth guide emphasizes a portfolio approach in which a range of energy options are employed Energy Systems Engineering Evaluation and Implementation, Second Edition presents a clear, well-organized, and technically useful look at the timely and many-faceted problem and challenge of developing and maintaining energy systems in a fast-changing world.The theme of the book is that an understanding of the three major primary energy sources - renewable, fossil, and nuclear - placed on a common footing and set in comparable terms can both help you understand individual technologies and the competitive context in which these sources exist today. Treatment of each technological area starts with information about ecological, social, and economic context. The book then uses the basic science and engineering knowledge common to most upper-level engineering and science undergraduates, graduate students, and professionals to quantitatively evaluate the function, capacity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of the technology in question.New to this Edition: New technologies: new chapter on bio-energy; updated information on solar, wind, and alternative transportation energy New tools: updates to cost-benefit case studies; probabilistic treatment of energy problems; and the technology penetration curve Updated tables and figures to reflect the latest information on demand and cost Expanded collection of ancillary materials: homework and exam problems, slideshows, and other materials Bonus digital chapter: End-Use Energy Efficiency Comprehensive coverage: Systems Tools for Energy Systems; Economic Tools for Energy Systems; Climate Change & Climate Modeling; Fossil Fuel Resources; Stationary Combustion Technologies; Carbon Sequestration; Nuclear Energy; The Solar Resource; Solar Photovoltaic Technologies; Active Solar Thermal Applications; Passive Solar Thermal Applications; Wind Energy Systems; Bio-energy Resources & Systems; Transportation Energy Technologies; Systems Perspective on Transportation Energy; LCR and CF Data for Passive Solar Design; Numerical Answers to Select Problems; List of Key Conversion Factors"--

A definitive guide to energy systems engineering—thoroughly updated for the latest technologies

This fully revised book features comprehensive coverage of all types of energy systems, from fossil fuels and nuclear energy to solar, wind, biofuels, and energy systems for transportation. Throughout, new and expanded examples and end-of-chapter problems help to provide a practical understanding of each topic.

 

Written by a team of energy experts,Energy Systems Engineering Evaluation and Implementation, Third Edition, clearly explains how each technology works and discusses benefits and liabilities. You will get up-to-date information on global emission trends, the volatile price and supply of natural gas and oil, and the accelerated growth of alternative energy sources. Detailed methods to assess environmental impact, project scope, cost, energy consumption, and efficiency are provided.

  • Offers a technology-neutral, portfolio approach to energy system options and policy tools
  • Includes new and expanded discussions so small scale nuclear fusion, wind turbine designs for lower average wind speed, and electric vehicles
  • Explains how to project future output from nonconventional oil and gas
  • Covers waste-to-energy conversion and waste water energy recovery
  • Features high-quality illustrations and tables
Preface to the Third Edition xxi
Acknowledgments xxv
Note to Instructors xxix
1 Introduction 1(30)
1-1 Overview
1(1)
1-2 Introduction
1(3)
1-2-1 Historic Growth in Energy Supply
2(2)
1-3 Relationship between Energy, Population, and Wealth
4(5)
1-3-1 Correlation between Energy Use and Wealth
6(1)
1-3-2 Human Development Index: An Alternative Means of Evaluating Prosperity
6(3)
1-4 Pressures Facing World due to Energy Consumption
9(11)
1-4-1 Industrial versus Emerging Countries
9(6)
1-4-2 Pressure on CO2 Emissions
15(2)
1-4-3 Observations about Energy Use and CO2 Emissions Trends
17(1)
1-4-4 Discussion: Contrasting Mainstream and Deep Ecologic Perspectives on Energy Requirements
18(2)
1-5 Energy Issues and the Contents of This Book
20(4)
1-5-1 Motivations, Techniques, and Applications
20(1)
1-5-2 Initial Comparison of Three Underlying Primary Energy Sources
21(3)
1-6 Units of Measure Used in Energy Systems
24(3)
1-6-1 Metric (SI) Units
24(2)
1-6-2 U.S. Standard Customary Units
26(1)
1-6-3 Units Related to Oil Production and Consumption
27(1)
1-7 Summary
27(1)
References
27(1)
Further Reading
28(1)
Exercises
28(3)
2 Systems and Policy Tools 31(48)
2-1 Overview
31(1)
2-2 Introduction
31(4)
2-2-1 Conserving Existing Energy Resources versus Shifting to Alternative Resources
32(1)
2-2-2 The Concept of Sustainable Development
33(2)
2-3 Fundamentals of the Systems Approach
35(13)
2-3-1 Initial Definitions
35(2)
2-3-2 Steps in the Application of the Systems Approach
37(5)
2-3-3 Stories, Scenarios, and Models
42(3)
2-3-4 Systems Approach Applied to the Scope of This Book: Energy/Climate Challenges Compared to Other Challenges
45(3)
2-4 Other Systems Tools Applied to Energy
48(8)
2-4-1 Systems Dynamics Models: Exponential Growth, Saturation, and Causal Loops
48(8)
2-5 Other Tools for Energy Systems
56(17)
2-5-1 Kaya Equation: Factors That Contribute to Overall CO2 Emissions
56(2)
2-5-2 Life-Cycle Analysis and Energy Return on Investment
58(2)
2-5-3 Multi-Criteria Analysis of Energy Systems Decisions
60(2)
2-5-4 Choosing among Alternative Solutions Using Optimization
62(3)
2-5-5 Understanding Contributing Factors to Time-Series Energy Trends Using Divisia Analysis
65(4)
2-5-6 Incorporating Uncertainty into Analysis Using Probabilistic Approaches and Monte Carlo Simulation
69(4)
2-6 Energy Policy as a Catalyst for the Pursuit of Sustainability
73(2)
2-7 Summary
75(1)
References
76(1)
Further Reading
76(1)
Exercises
76(3)
3 Engineering Economic Tools 79(28)
3-1 Overview
79(1)
3-2 Introduction
79(3)
3-2-1 The Time Value of Money
80(2)
3-3 Economic Analysis of Energy Projects and Systems
82(13)
3-3-1 Definition of Terms
82(1)
3-3-2 Evaluation without Discounting
82(1)
3-3-3 Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
83(9)
3-3-4 Maximum Payback Period Method
92(2)
3-3-5 Levelized Cost of Energy
94(1)
3-4 Direct versus External Costs and Benefits
95(1)
3-5 Intervention in Energy Investments to Achieve Social Aims
96(3)
3-5-1 Methods of Intervention in Energy Technology Investments
96(2)
3-5-2 Critiques of Intervention in Energy Investments
98(1)
3-6 NPV Case Study Example
99(4)
3-7 Summary
103(1)
References
103(1)
Further Reading
104(1)
Exercises
104(3)
4 Climate Change and Climate Modeling 107(34)
4-1 Overview
107(1)
4-2 Introduction
107(9)
4-2-1 Relationship between the Greenhouse Effect and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
108(1)
4-2-2 Carbon Cycle and Solar Radiation
108(1)
4-2-3 Quantitative Imbalance in CO2 Flows into and out of the Atmosphere
109(4)
4-2-4 Consensus on the Human Link to Climate Change: Taking the Next Steps
113(1)
4-2-5 Early Indications of Change and Remaining Areas of Uncertainty
114(2)
4-3 Modeling Climate and Climate Change
116(13)
4-3-1 Relationship between Wavelength, Energy Flux, and Absorption
118(5)
4-3-2 A Model of the Earth-Atmosphere System
123(3)
4-3-3 General Circulation Models of Global Climate
126(3)
4-4 Climate in the Future
129(8)
4-4-1 Positive and Negative Feedback from Climate Change
129(2)
4-4-2 Scenarios for Future Rates of CO2 Emissions, CO2 Stabilization Values, and Average Global Temperature
131(3)
4-4-3 Recent Efforts to Counteract Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol (1997-2012)
134(2)
4-4-4 Assessing the Effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol and Description of Post-Kyoto Efforts
136(1)
4-5 Summary
137(1)
References
138(1)
Further Reading
138(1)
Exercises
139(2)
5 Fossil Fuel Resources 141(28)
5-1 Overview
141(1)
5-2 Introduction
141(9)
5-2-1 Characteristics of Fossil Fuels
142(3)
5-2-2 Current Rates of Consumption and Total Resource Availability
145(4)
5-2-3 CO2 Emissions Comparison and a "Decarbonization" Strategy
149(1)
5-3 Decline of Conventional Fossil Fuels and a Possible Transition to Nonconventional Alternatives
150(15)
5-3-1 Hubbert Curve Applied to Resource Lifetime
150(6)
5-3-2 Potential Role for Nonconventional Fossil Resources as Substitutes for Oil and Gas
156(2)
5-3-3 Example of U.S. and World Nonconventional Oil Development
158(2)
5-3-4 Discussion: Potential Ecological and Social Impacts of Evolving Fossil Fuel Extraction
160(3)
5-3-5 Conclusion: The Past and Future of Fossil Fuels
163(2)
5-4 Summary
165(1)
References
165(1)
Further Reading
166(1)
Exercises
166(3)
6 Stationary Combustion Systems 169(58)
6-1 Overview
169(1)
6-2 Introduction
169(4)
6-2-1 A Systems Approach to Combustion Technology
172(1)
6-3 Fundamentals of Combustion Cycle Calculation
173(9)
6-3-1 Brief Review of Thermodynamics
173(1)
6-3-2 Rankine Vapor Cycle
174(5)
6-3-3 Brayton Gas Cycle
179(3)
6-4 Advanced Combustion Cycles for Maximum Efficiency
182(12)
6-4-1 Supercritical Cycle
183(1)
6-4-2 Combined Cycle
184(5)
6-4-3 Cogeneration and Combined Heat and Power
189(5)
6-5 Economic Analysis of Stationary Combustion Systems
194(16)
6-5-1 Calculation of Levelized Cost of Electricity Production
195(2)
6-5-2 Case Study of Small-Scale Cogeneration Systems
197(4)
6-5-3 Case Study of Combined Cycle Cogeneration Systems
201(3)
6-5-4 Integrating Different Electricity Generation Sources into the Grid
204(6)
6-6 Incorporating Environmental Considerations into Combustion Project Cost Analysis
210(1)
6-7 Reducing CO2 by Combusting Nonfossil Fuels or Capturing Emissions
211(8)
6-7-1 Waste-to-Energy Conversion Systems
212(2)
6-7-2 Electricity Generation from Biomass Combustion
214(1)
6-7-3 Waste Water Energy Recovery and Food Waste Conversion to Electricity
214(3)
6-7-4 Zero-Carbon Systems for Combusting Fossil Fuels and Generating Electricity
217(2)
6-8 Systems Issues in Combustion in the Future
219(1)
6-9 Representative Levelized Cost Calculation for Electricity from Natural Gas
220(1)
6-10 Summary
221(1)
References
222(1)
Further Reading
222(1)
Exercises
223(4)
7 Carbon Sequestration 227(26)
7-1 Overview
227(1)
7-2 Introduction
227(1)
7-3 Indirect Sequestration
228(6)
7-3-1 The Photosynthesis Reaction: The Core Process of Indirect Sequestration
230(1)
7-3-2 Indirect Sequestration in Practice
231(2)
7-3-3 Future Prospects for Indirect Sequestration
233(1)
7-4 Geological Storage of CO2
234(9)
7-4-1 Removing CO2 from Waste Stream
234(1)
7-4-2 Options for Direct Sequestration in Geologically Stable Reservoirs
235(7)
7-4-3 Prospects for Geological Sequestration
242(1)
7-5 Sequestration through Conversion of CO2 into Inert Materials
243(2)
7-6 Direct Removal of CO2 from Atmosphere for Sequestration
245(1)
7-7 Overall Comparison of Sequestration Options
246(2)
7-8 Summary
248(1)
References
248(1)
Further Reading
248(1)
Exercises
249(4)
8 Nuclear Energy Systems 253(40)
8-1 Overview
253(1)
8-2 Introduction
253(5)
8-2-1 Brief History of Nuclear Energy
254(2)
8-2-2 Current Status of Nuclear Energy
256(2)
8-3 Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Resources
258(7)
8-3-1 Reactions Associated with Nuclear Energy
261(3)
8-3-2 Availability of Resources for Nuclear Energy
264(1)
8-4 Reactor Designs: Mature Technologies and Emerging Alternatives
265(8)
8-4-1 Established Reactor Designs
265(5)
8-4-2 Alternative Fission Reactor Designs
270(3)
8-5 Nuclear Fusion
273(3)
8-6 Nuclear Energy and Society: Environmental, Political, and Security Issues
276(11)
8-6-1 Contribution of Nuclear Energy to Reducing CO2 Emissions
276(1)
8-6-2 Management of Radioactive Substances during Life Cycle of Nuclear Energy
277(6)
8-6-3 Nuclear Energy and the Prevention of Proliferation
283(1)
8-6-4 The Effect of Public Perception on Nuclear Energy
284(3)
8-6-5 Future Prospects for Nuclear Energy
287(1)
8-7 Representative Levelized Cost Calculation for Electricity from Nuclear Fission
287(1)
8-8 Summary
288(1)
References
288(1)
Further Reading
289(1)
Exercises
290(3)
9 The Solar Resource 293(28)
9-1 Overview
293(1)
9-1-1 Symbols Used in This
Chapter
293(1)
9-2 Introduction
293(5)
9-2-1 Availability of Energy from the Sun and Geographic Availability
293(5)
9-3 Definition of Solar Geometric Terms and Calculation of Sun's Position by Time of Day
298(9)
9-3-1 Relationship between Solar Position and Angle of Incidence on Solar Surface
303(1)
9-3-2 Method for Approximating Daily Energy Reaching a Solar Device
304(3)
9-4 Effect of Diffusion on Solar Performance
307(10)
9-4-1 Direct, Diffuse, and Global Insolation
307(6)
9-4-2 Climatic and Seasonal Effects
313(2)
9-4-3 Effect of Surface Tilt on Insolation Diffusion
315(2)
9-5 Summary
317(1)
References
317(1)
Further Reading
317(1)
Exercises
318(3)
10 Solar Photovoltaic Technologies 321(46)
10-1 Overview
321(1)
10-1-1 Symbols Used in This
Chapter
321(1)
10-2 Introduction
321(6)
10-2-1 Alternative Approaches to Manufacturing PV Panels
326(1)
10-3 Fundamentals of PV Cell Performance
327(9)
10-3-1 Losses in PV Cells and Gross Current Generated by Incoming Light
329(3)
10-3-2 Net Current Generated as a Function of Device Parameters
332(3)
10-3-3 Other Factors Affecting Performance
335(1)
10-3-4 Calculation of Unit Cost of PV Panels
335(1)
10-4 Design and Operation of Practical PV Systems
336(25)
10-4-1 Available System Components for Different Types of Designs
336(7)
10-4-2 Estimating Output from PV System: Basic Approach Using PV Watts
343(3)
10-4-3 Estimating Output from PV System: Extended Approach
346(8)
10-4-4 Year-to-Year Variability of PV System Output
354(1)
10-4-5 Economics of PV Systems
354(7)
10-5 Life-Cycle Energy and Environmental Considerations
361(1)
10-6 Representative Levelized Cost Calculation for Electricity from Solar PV
362(1)
10-7 Summary
363(1)
References
363(1)
Further Reading
364(1)
Exercises
364(3)
11 Active Solar Thermal Applications 367(36)
11-1 Overview
367(1)
11-2 Symbols Used in This
Chapter
367(1)
11-3 General Comments
367(2)
11-4 Flat-Plate Solar Collectors
369(9)
11-4-1 General Characteristics, Flat-Plate Solar Collectors
369(2)
11-4-2 Solar Collectors with Liquid as the Transport Fluid
371(1)
11-4-3 Solar Collectors with Air as the Transport Fluid
371(1)
11-4-4 Unglazed Solar Collectors
372(1)
11-4-5 Other Heat Transfer Fluids for Flat-Plate Solar Collectors
372(1)
11-4-6 Selective Surfaces
372(1)
11-4-7 Reverse-Return Piping
373(1)
11-4-8 Hybrid PV/Thermal Systems
374(1)
11-4-9 Evacuated-Tube Solar Collectors
374(2)
11-4-10 Performance Case Study of an Evacuated Tube System
376(2)
11-5 Concentrating Collectors
378(6)
11-5-1 General Characteristics, Concentrating Solar Collectors
378(1)
11-5-2 Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Collectors
378(1)
11-5-3 Parabolic Dish Concentrating Solar Collectors
379(1)
11-5-4 Power Tower Concentrating Solar Collectors
379(1)
11-5-5 Solar Cookers
380(4)
11-6 Heat Transfer in Flat-Plate Solar Collectors
384(16)
11-6-1 Solar Collector Energy Balance
384(2)
11-6-2 Testing and Rating Procedures for Flat-Plate, Glazed Solar Collectors
386(1)
11-6-3 Heat Exchangers and Thermal Storages
386(2)
11-6-4 f-Chart for System Analysis
388(5)
11-6-5 f-Chart for System Design
393(4)
11-6-6 Optimizing the Combination of Solar Collector Array and Heat Exchanger
397(1)
11-6-7 Pebble Bed Thermal Storage for Air Collectors
398(2)
11-7 Summary
400(1)
References
400(1)
Further Reading
401(1)
Exercises
401(2)
12 Passive Solar Thermal Applications 403(28)
12-1 Overview
403(1)
12-2 Symbols Used in This
Chapter
403(1)
12-3 General Comments
403(2)
12-4 Thermal Comfort Considerations
405(1)
12-5 Building Enclosure Considerations
406(1)
12-6 Heating Degree Days and Seasonal Heat Requirements
406(3)
12-6-1 Adjusting HDD Values to a Different Base Temperature
407(2)
12-7 Types of Passive Solar Heating Systems
409(4)
12-7-1 Direct Gain
410(1)
12-7-2 Indirect Gain, Trombe Wall
410(2)
12-7-3 Isolated Gain
412(1)
12-8 Solar Transmission through Windows
413(1)
12-9 Load:Collector Ratio Method for Analysis
414(5)
12-10 Conservation Factor Addendum to the LCR Method
419(2)
12-11 Load:Collector Ratio Method for Design
421(3)
12-12 Passive Ventilation by Thermal Buoyancy
424(2)
12-13 Designing Window Overhangs for Passive Solar Systems
426(2)
12-14 Summary
428(1)
References
428(1)
Exercises
429(2)
13 Wind Energy Systems 431(56)
13-1 Overview
431(1)
13-2 Introduction
431(8)
13-2-1 Components of a Turbine
435(2)
13-2-2 Comparison of Onshore and Offshore Wind
437(1)
13-2-3 Alternative Turbine Designs: Horizontal versus Vertical Axis
438(1)
13-3 Using Wind Data to Evaluate a Potential Location
439(10)
13-3-1 Using Statistical Distributions to Approximate Available Energy
440(5)
13-3-2 Effects of Height, Season, Time of Day, and Direction on Wind Speed
445(4)
13-4 Estimating Output from a Specific Turbine for a Proposed Site
449(6)
13-4-1 Rated Capacity and Capacity Factor
452(3)
13-5 Turbine Design
455(17)
13-5-1 Theoretical Limits on Turbine Performance
456(4)
13-5-2 Tip Speed Ratio, Induced Radial Wind Speed, and Optimal Turbine Rotation Speed
460(4)
13-5-3 Analysis of Turbine Blade Design
464(7)
13-5-4 Steps in Turbine Design Process
471(1)
13-6 Economic and Social Dimensions of Wind Energy Feasibility
472(9)
13-6-1 Comparison of Large- and Small-Scale Wind
473(3)
13-6-2 Integration of Wind with Other Intermittent and Dispatchable Resources
476(3)
13-6-3 Public Perception of Wind Energy and Social Feasibility
479(2)
13-7 Representative Levelized Cost Calculation for Electricity from Utility-Scale Wind
481(1)
13-8 Summary
482(1)
References
482(1)
Further Reading
482(1)
Exercises
483(4)
14 Bioenergy Resources and Systems 487(30)
14-1 Overview
487(1)
14-2 Introduction
487(5)
14-2-1 Policies
488(1)
14-2-2 Net Energy Balance Ratio and Life-Cycle Analysis
489(2)
14-2-3 Productivity of Fuels per Unit of Cropland per Year
491(1)
14-3 Biomass
492(4)
14-3-1 Sources of Biomass
493(2)
14-3-2 Pretreatment Technologies
495(1)
14-4 Platforms
496(2)
14-4-1 Sugar Platform
496(1)
14-4-2 Syngas Platform
497(1)
14-4-3 Bio-oil Platform
497(1)
14-4-4 Carboxylate Platform
498(1)
14-5 Alcohol
498(7)
14-5-1 Sugarcane to Ethanol
500(1)
14-5-2 Corn Grain to Ethanol
501(3)
14-5-3 Cellulosic Ethanol
504(1)
14-5-4 n-Butanol
504(1)
14-6 Biodiesel
505(2)
14-6-1 Production Processes
506(1)
14-6-2 Life-Cycle Assessment
507(1)
14-7 Methane and Hydrogen (Biogas)
507(5)
14-7-1 Anaerobic Digestion
508(3)
14-7-2 Anaerobic Hydrogen-Producing Systems
511(1)
14-8 Summary
512(1)
References
512(1)
Further Reading
513(1)
Exercises
513(4)
15 Transportation Energy Technologies 517(60)
15-1 Overview
517(1)
15-2 Introduction
517(10)
15-2-1 Definition of Terms
521(1)
15-2-2 Endpoint Technologies for a Petroleum- and Carbon-Free Transportation System
521(4)
15-2-3 Competition between Emerging and Incumbent Technologies
525(2)
15-3 Vehicle Design Considerations and Alternative Propulsion Designs
527(12)
15-3-1 Criteria for Measuring Vehicle Performance
528(4)
15-3-2 Options for Improving Conventional Vehicle Efficiency
532(1)
15-3-3 Power Requirements for Nonhighway Modes
533(6)
15-4 Alternatives to ICEVs: Alternative Fuels and Propulsion Platforms
539(31)
15-4-1 Battery-Electric Vehicles
539(8)
15-4-2 Hybrid Vehicles
547(10)
15-4-3 Biofuels: Adapting Bio-energy for Transportation Applications
557(3)
15-4-4 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems and Vehicles
560(10)
15-5 Well-to-Wheel Analysis as a Means of Comparing Alternatives
570(2)
15-6 Summary
572(1)
References
572(1)
Further Reading
573(1)
Exercises
574(3)
16 Systems Perspective on Transportation Energy 577(56)
16-1 Overview
577(1)
16-2 Introduction
577(7)
16-2-1 Ways of Categorizing Transportation Systems
579(2)
16-2-2 Influence of Transportation Type on Energy Requirements
581(1)
16-2-3 Units for Measuring Transportation Energy Efficiency
582(2)
16-3 Recent Trends and Current Assessment of Energy Use in Transportation Systems
584(14)
16-3-1 Passenger Transportation Energy Trends and Current Status
586(5)
16-3-2 Freight Transportation Energy Trends and Current Status
591(5)
16-3-3 Estimated CO2 Emissions Factors by Mode
596(2)
16-4 Applying a Systems Approach to Transportation Energy
598(17)
16-4-1 Modal Shifting to More Efficient Modes
598(10)
16-4-2 Rationalizing Transportation Systems to Improve Energy Efficiency
608(3)
16-4-3 Integrating Light-Duty Vehicles and Electricity Supply to Optimize Vehicle Charging and Grid Performance
611(4)
16-5 Understanding Transition Pathways for New Technology
615(6)
16-6 Toward a Policy for Future Transportation Energy from a Systems Perspective
621(4)
16-6-1 Metropolitan Region Energy Efficiency Plan
621(3)
16-6-2 Allocating Emerging Energy Sources and Technologies to Transportation Sectors
624(1)
16-7 Summary
625(1)
References
626(1)
Further Reading
626(1)
Exercises
627(6)
17 Conclusion: Creating the Twenty-First-Century Energy System 633(28)
17-1 Overview
633(1)
17-2 Introduction: Energy in the Context of the Economic-Ecologic Conflict
633(12)
17-2-1 Comparison of Three Energy System Endpoints: Toward a Portfolio Approach
635(2)
17-2-2 Summary of End-of-Chapter Levelized Cost Values
637(1)
17-2-3 Other Emerging Technologies Not Previously Considered
638(7)
17-2-4 Comparison of Life Cycle CO2 Emissions per Unit of Energy
645(1)
17-3 Sustainable Energy for Developing Countries
645(2)
17-4 Pathways to a Sustainable Energy Future: A Case Study
647(9)
17-4-1 Renewable Scenario Results
648(1)
17-4-2 Comparison to Nuclear and CCS Pathways
649(1)
17-4-3 Comparison of Industrialized versus Emerging Contribution
649(1)
17-4-4 Discussion
650(6)
17-5 The Role of the Energy Professional in Creating the Energy Systems of the Future
656(3)
17-5-1 Roles for Energy Professionals Outside of Formal Work
657(2)
17-6 Summary
659(1)
References
659(1)
Further Reading
660(1)
Exercise
660(1)
A Perpetual Julian Date Calendar 661(2)
B LCR Table 663(6)
C CF Table 669(6)
D Numerical Answers to Select Problems 675(2)
E Common Conversions 677(2)
F Information about Thermodynamic Constants 679(2)
Index 681
Francis M. Vanek, Ph.D., is a Lecturer and Research Assistant in the Departments of Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering and Civil And Environmental Engineering and the Systems Engineering Program at Cornell University, where he specializes in the areas of energy efficiency, alternative energy, and energy for transportation. He is also a consultant with Taitem Engineering of Ithaca, NY.





Louis D. Albright, Ph.D., is Professor of Biological and Environmental Engineering and Stephen H. Weiss Presidential Fellow at Cornell University. A Fellow of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), he is the author of Environmental Control for Animals and Plants.
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