Series Preface |
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xix | |
Preface |
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xxi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxiii | |
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1 | (18) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Types of Noise and Vibration Signals |
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1 | (2) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Nonstationary Signals |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (7) |
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3 | (3) |
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1.3.2 Nonperiodic Functions and the Fourier Spectrum |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3.5 Energy and Power Spectral Densities |
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9 | (1) |
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1.4 Frequency Analysis Using Filters |
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10 | (5) |
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1.5 Fast Fourier Transform Analysis |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (2) |
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2 Vibration of Simple and Continuous Systems |
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19 | (30) |
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19 | (1) |
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2.2 Simple Harmonic Motion |
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19 | (4) |
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2.2.1 Period, Frequency, and Phase |
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20 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Velocity and Acceleration |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (7) |
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23 | (7) |
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2.4 Multi-Degree of Freedom Systems |
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30 | (8) |
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2.4.1 Free Vibration - Undamped |
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31 | (3) |
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2.4.2 Forced Vibration - Undamped |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (8) |
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38 | (3) |
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2.5.2 Vibration of Thin Plates |
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41 | (5) |
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46 | (3) |
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3 Sound Generation and Propagation |
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49 | (46) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (6) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Impedance and Sound Intensity |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (4) |
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3.4.1 Sound Pressure Level |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Sound Intensity Level |
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57 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Combination of Decibels |
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58 | (2) |
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3.5 Three-dimensional Wave Equation |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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3.7 Sound Power of Sources |
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63 | (4) |
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3.7.1 Sound Power of Idealized Sound Sources |
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63 | (4) |
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3.8 Sound Sources Above a Rigid Hard Surface |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (3) |
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3.9.1 Directivity Factor (Q(θ, φ)) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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3.11 Reflection, Refraction, Scattering, and Diffraction |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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3.14 Near Field, Far Field, Direct Field, and Reverberant Field |
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76 | (4) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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3.14.3 Reverberation Time |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (2) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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3.16 Sound Radiation From Idealized Structures |
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82 | (3) |
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85 | (6) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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3.19.1 Acoustical Lumped Elements |
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92 | (1) |
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3.19.2 Numerical Approaches: Finite Elements and Boundary Elements |
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92 | (1) |
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3.19.3 Acoustic Modeling Using Equivalent Circuits |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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4 Human Hearing, Speech and Psychoacoustics |
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95 | (30) |
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95 | (1) |
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4.2 Construction of Ear and Its Working |
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95 | (4) |
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4.2.1 Construction of the Ear |
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95 | (3) |
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4.2.2 Working of the Ear Mechanism |
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98 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Theories of Hearing |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (17) |
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99 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Loudness Measurement |
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99 | (4) |
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103 | (4) |
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107 | (1) |
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4.3.5 Weighted Sound Pressure Levels |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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4.3.9 Loudness Adaptation IJ5 |
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4.3.10 Empirical Loudness Meter |
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115 | (1) |
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4.4 Hearing Loss and Diseases (Disorders) |
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116 | (2) |
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4.4.1 Conduction Hearing Loss |
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116 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Sensory-Neural Hearing Loss |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (4) |
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122 | (3) |
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5 Effects of Noise, Vibration, and Shock on People |
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125 | (30) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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5.4 Cardiovascular Effects |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (1) |
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5.6 Infrasound, Low-Frequency Noise, and Ultrasound |
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130 | (1) |
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5.7 Intense Noise and Hearing Loss |
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131 | (3) |
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5.7.1 Theories for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss |
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132 | (1) |
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5.7.2 Impulsive and Impact Noise |
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133 | (1) |
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5.8 Occupational Noise Regulations |
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134 | (6) |
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5.8.1 Daily Noise Dose and Time-Weighted Average Calculation |
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137 | (3) |
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140 | (4) |
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140 | (3) |
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5.9.2 Hearing Conservation Programs |
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143 | (1) |
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5.10 Effects of Vibration on People |
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144 | (3) |
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5.11 Metrics to Evaluate Effects of Vibration and Shock on People |
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147 | (4) |
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5.11.1 Acceleration Frequency Weightings |
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147 | (1) |
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5.11.2 Whole-Body Vibration Dose Value |
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147 | (2) |
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5.11.3 Evaluation ol Hand-Transmitted Vibration |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (4) |
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6 Description, Criteria, and Procedures Used to Determine Human Response to Noise and Vibration |
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155 | (34) |
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155 | (1) |
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6.2 Loudness and Annoyance |
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155 | (1) |
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6.3 Loudness and Loudness Level |
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156 | (1) |
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6.4 Noisiness and Perceived Noise Level |
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157 | (3) |
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157 | (2) |
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6.4.2 Effective Perceived Noise Level |
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159 | (1) |
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6.5 Articulation Index and Speech Intelligibility Index |
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160 | (1) |
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6.6 Speech Interference Level |
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161 | (1) |
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6.7 Indoor Noise Criteria |
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162 | (4) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (1) |
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6.8 Equivalent Continuous SPL |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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6.10 Day-Night Equivalent SPL |
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168 | (2) |
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170 | (1) |
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6.12 Evaluation of Aircraft Noise |
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170 | (2) |
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6.12.1 Composite Noise Rating |
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171 | (1) |
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6.12.2 Noise Exposure Forecast |
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172 | (1) |
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6.12.3 Noise and Number Index |
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172 | (1) |
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6.12.4 Equivalent A-Weighted SPL Leq, Day-Night Level Ldn, and Day-Evening-Night Level Lden |
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172 | (1) |
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6.13 Evaluation of Traffic Noise |
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172 | (2) |
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6.13.1 Traffic Noise Index |
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172 | (1) |
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6.13.2 Noise Pollution Level |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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6.14 Evaluation of Community Noise |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (5) |
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6.15.1 Sleep Interference |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (4) |
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6.16 Noise Criteria and Noise Regulations |
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180 | (2) |
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180 | (2) |
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6.17 Human Vibration Criteria |
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182 | (3) |
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6.17.1 Human Comfort in Buildings |
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182 | (2) |
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6.17.2 Effect of Vibration on Buildings |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (4) |
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7 Noise and Vibration Transducers, Signal Processing, Analysis, and Measurements |
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189 | (28) |
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189 | (1) |
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7.2 Typical Measurement Systems |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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7.3.1 Transducer Characteristics |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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7.4.1 Types of Microphones for Noise Measurements |
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196 | (3) |
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199 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Transducer Calibration |
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199 | (3) |
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7.5 Vibration Measurements |
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202 | (9) |
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7.5.1 Principle of Seismic Mass Transducers |
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203 | (3) |
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7.5.2 Piezoelectric Accelerometers |
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206 | (2) |
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7.5.3 Measurement Difficulties |
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208 | (3) |
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7.5.4 Calibration, Metrology, and Traceability of Shock and Vibration Transducers |
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211 | (1) |
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7.6 Signal Analysis, Data Processing, and Specialized Noise And Vibration Measurements |
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211 | (3) |
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7.6.1 Signal Analysis and Data Processing |
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211 | (1) |
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7.6.2 Sound Level Meters (SLMs) and Dosimeters |
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211 | (1) |
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7.6.3 Sound Power and Sound Intensity |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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7.6.5 Condition Monitoring |
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213 | (1) |
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7.6.6 Advanced Noise and Vibration Analysis and Measurement Techniques |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (3) |
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8 Sound Intensity, Measurements and Determination of Sound Power, Noise Source Identification, and Transmission Loss |
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217 | (70) |
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217 | (1) |
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8.2 Historical Developments in the Measurement of Sound Pressure and Sound Intensity |
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217 | (4) |
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8.3 Theoretical Background |
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221 | (2) |
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8.4 Characteristics of Sound Fields |
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223 | (5) |
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8.4.1 Active and Reactive Intensity |
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223 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Plane Progressive Waves |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Vibrating Piston in a Tube |
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226 | (2) |
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8.5 Active and Reactive Sound Fields |
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228 | (4) |
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8.5.1 The Monopole Source |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (2) |
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8.6 Measurement of Sound Intensity |
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232 | (21) |
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232 | (14) |
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246 | (5) |
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8.6.3 The Surface Intensity Method |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (22) |
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8.7.1 Sound Power Determination |
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255 | (4) |
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8.7.2 Noise Source Identification |
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259 | (1) |
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8.7.3 Noise Source Identification on a Diesel Engine Using Sound Intensity |
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259 | (6) |
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8.7.4 Measurements of the Transmission Loss of Structures Using Sound Intensity |
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265 | (10) |
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8.8 Comparison Between Sound Power Measurements Using Sound Intensity and Sound Pressure Methods |
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275 | (5) |
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8.8.1 Sound Intensity Method |
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277 | (1) |
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8.8.2 Sound Pressure Method |
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278 | (2) |
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8.9 Standards for Sound Intensity Measurements |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (5) |
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9 Principles of Noise and Vibration Control |
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287 | (64) |
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287 | (1) |
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9.2 Systematic Approach to Noise Problems |
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287 | (3) |
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9.2.1 Noise and Vibration Source Identification |
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288 | (2) |
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9.2.2 Noise Reduction Techniques |
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290 | (1) |
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9.3 Use of Vibration Isolators |
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290 | (6) |
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9.3.1 Theory of Vibration Isolation |
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291 | (3) |
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294 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Use of Inertia Blocks |
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295 | (1) |
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9.3.4 Other Considerations |
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296 | (1) |
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9.4 Use of Damping Materials |
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296 | (4) |
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9.4.1 Unconstrained Damping Layer |
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298 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Constrained Damping Layer |
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299 | (1) |
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9.5 Use of Sound Absorption |
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300 | (19) |
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9.5.1 Sound Absorption Coefficient |
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300 | (1) |
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9.5.2 Noise Reduction Coefficient |
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300 | (1) |
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9.5.3 Absorption by Porous Fibrous Materials |
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301 | (5) |
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9.5.4 Panel or Membrane Absorbers |
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306 | (1) |
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9.5.5 Helmholtz Resonator Absorbers |
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307 | (3) |
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9.5.6 Perforated Panel Absorbers |
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310 | (2) |
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312 | (2) |
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9.5.8 Suspended Absorbers |
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314 | (1) |
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9.5.9 Acoustical Spray-on Materials |
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314 | (1) |
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9.5.10 Acoustical Plaster |
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315 | (1) |
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9.5.11 Measurement of Sound Absorption Coefficients |
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316 | (1) |
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9.5.12 Optimization of the Reverberation Time |
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316 | (2) |
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9.5.13 Reduction of the Sound Pressure Level in Reverberant Fields |
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318 | (1) |
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9.6 Acoustical Enclosures |
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319 | (11) |
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9.6.1 Reverberant Sound Field Model for Enclosures |
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319 | (1) |
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9.6.2 Machine Enclosure in Free Field |
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320 | (1) |
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9.6.3 Simple Enclosure Design Assuming Diffuse Reverberant Sound Fields |
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321 | (4) |
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9.6.4 Close-Fitting Enclosures |
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325 | (2) |
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327 | (1) |
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9.6.6 Other Considerations |
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328 | (2) |
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330 | (9) |
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9.7.1 Transmission Loss of Barriers |
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334 | (1) |
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9.7.2 Use of Barriers Indoors |
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334 | (3) |
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9.7.3 Reflections from the Ground |
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337 | (1) |
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9.7.4 Use of Barriers Outdoors |
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338 | (1) |
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9.8 Active Noise and Vibration Control |
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339 | (5) |
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344 | (7) |
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10 Mufflers and Silencers - Absorbent and Reactive Types |
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351 | (76) |
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351 | (1) |
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10.2 Muffler Classification |
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351 | (1) |
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10.3 Definitions of Muffler Performance |
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352 | (1) |
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352 | (2) |
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10.5 Historical Development of Reactive Muffler Theories |
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354 | (4) |
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10.6 Classical Reactive Muffler Theory |
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358 | (16) |
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10.6.1 Transmission Line Theory |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (9) |
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10.6.3 NACA 1192 Study on Reactive Muffler TL |
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368 | (3) |
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10.6.4 Transfer Matrix Theory |
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371 | (3) |
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10.7 Exhaust System Modeling |
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374 | (3) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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10.7.3 Sound Pressure Radiated from Tailpipe |
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376 | (1) |
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10.8 Tail Pipe Radiation Impedance, Source Impedance and Source Strength |
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377 | (3) |
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10.8.1 Tail Pipe Radiation |
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377 | (1) |
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10.8.2 Internal Combustion Engine Impedance and Source Strength |
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378 | (2) |
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10.9 Numerical Modeling of Muffler Acoustical Performance |
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380 | (23) |
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10.9.1 Finite Element Analysis |
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380 | (8) |
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10.9.2 Boundary Element Analysis |
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388 | (8) |
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10.9.3 TL of Concentric Tube Resonators |
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396 | (7) |
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10.10 Reactive Muffler IL |
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403 | (1) |
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10.11 Measurements of Source Impedance |
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403 | (3) |
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10.12 Dissipative Mufflers and Lined Ducts |
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406 | (1) |
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10.13 Historical Development of Dissipative Mufflers and Lined Duct Theories |
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406 | (1) |
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10.14 Parallel-Baffle Mufflers |
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407 | (13) |
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10.14.1 Embleton's Method [ 8] |
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408 | (1) |
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10.14.2 Ver's Method [ 11, 12, 136] |
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409 | (2) |
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10.14.3 Ingard's Method [ 149] |
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411 | (3) |
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10.14.4 Bies and Hansen Method [ 14] |
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414 | (1) |
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10.14.5 Mechel's Design Curves [ 152] |
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415 | (1) |
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10.14.6 Ramakrishnan and Watson Curves [ 151] |
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416 | (2) |
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10.14.7 Finite Element Approach for Attenuation of Parallel-Baffle Mufflers |
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418 | (2) |
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420 | (7) |
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11 Noise and Vibration Control of Machines |
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427 | (38) |
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427 | (1) |
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11.2 Machine Element Noise and Vibration Sources and Control |
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427 | (16) |
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427 | (3) |
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430 | (3) |
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433 | (5) |
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438 | (1) |
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439 | (4) |
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443 | (11) |
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11.3.1 Internal Combustion Engines |
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443 | (1) |
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11.3.2 Electric Motors and Electrical Equipment |
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444 | (2) |
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446 | (4) |
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450 | (4) |
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11.4 Noise Due to Fluid Flow |
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454 | (5) |
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11.4.1 Valve-Induced Noise |
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454 | (2) |
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11.4.2 Hydraulic System Noise |
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456 | (2) |
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11.4.3 Furnace and Burner Noise |
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458 | (1) |
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11.5 Noise Control of Industrial Production Machinery |
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459 | (1) |
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11.5.1 Machine Tool Noise, Vibration, and Chatter |
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459 | (1) |
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11.5.2 Sound Power Level for Industrial Machinery |
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460 | (1) |
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460 | (5) |
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12 Noise and Vibration Control in Buildings |
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465 | (92) |
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465 | (1) |
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12.2 Sound Transmission Theory for Single Panels |
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466 | (10) |
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12.2.1 Mass-Law Transmission Loss |
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466 | (3) |
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12.2.2 Random Incidence Transmission Loss |
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469 | (5) |
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12.2.3 The Coincidence Effect |
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474 | (2) |
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12.3 Sound Transmission for Double and Multiple Panels |
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476 | (8) |
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12.3.1 Sound Transmission Through Infinite Double Panels |
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476 | (1) |
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477 | (3) |
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12.3.3 Empirical Approach |
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480 | (4) |
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12.4 Sound and Vibration Transmission and Structural Response Using Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) |
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484 | (24) |
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484 | (1) |
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12.4.2 SEA Fundamentals and Assumptions |
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484 | (12) |
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12.4.3 Power Flow Between Coupled Systems |
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496 | (1) |
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12.4.4 Modal Behavior of Panel |
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496 | (1) |
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12.4.5 Use of SEA to Predict Sound Transmission Through Panels or Partitions |
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497 | (6) |
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12.4.6 Design of Enclosures Using SEA |
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503 | (3) |
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12.4.7 Optimization of Enclosure Attenuation |
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506 | (2) |
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12.4.8 SEA Computer Codes |
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508 | (1) |
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12.5 Transmission Through Composite Walls |
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508 | (3) |
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12.6 Effects of Leaks and Flanking Transmission |
|
|
511 | (3) |
|
12.7 Sound Transmission Measurement Techniques |
|
|
514 | (6) |
|
12.7.1 Laboratory Methods of Measuring Transmission Loss |
|
|
514 | (5) |
|
12.7.2 Measurements of Transmission Loss in the Field |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
12.8 Single-Number Ratings for Partitions |
|
|
520 | (3) |
|
12.9 Impact Sound Transmission |
|
|
523 | (4) |
|
12.9.1 Laboratory and Field Measurements of Impact Transmission |
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
12.9.2 Rating of Impact Sound Transmission |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
12.10 Measured Airborne and Impact Sound Transmission (Insulation) Data |
|
|
527 | (7) |
|
12.10.1 Gypsum Board Walls |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
528 | (2) |
|
12.10.3 Airborne and Impact Insulation of Floors |
|
|
530 | (3) |
|
12.10.4 Doors and Windows |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
12.11 Sound Insulation Requirements |
|
|
534 | (7) |
|
12.12 Control of Vibration of Buildings Caused by Strong Wind |
|
|
541 | (8) |
|
12.12.1 Wind Excitation of Buildings |
|
|
542 | (2) |
|
12.12.2 Structural Vibration Response of Buildings and Towers |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
12.12.3 Methods of Building Structure Vibration Reduction and Control |
|
|
546 | (2) |
|
12.12.4 Human Response to Vibration and Acceptability Criteria |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
|
549 | (8) |
|
13 Design of Air-conditioning Systems for Noise and Vibration Control |
|
|
557 | (76) |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
13.2 Interior Noise Level Design Criteria |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
13.3 General Features of a Ventilation System |
|
|
558 | (7) |
|
13.3.1 HVAC Systems in Residential Homes |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
13.3.2 HVAC Systems in Large Buildings |
|
|
559 | (3) |
|
13.3.3 Correct and Incorrect Installation of HVAC Systems |
|
|
562 | (2) |
|
13.3.4 Sources of Noise and Causes of Complaints in HVAC Systems |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
565 | (16) |
|
13.4.1 Types of Fans Used in HVAC Systems |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
13.4.2 Blade passing Frequency (BPF) |
|
|
569 | (2) |
|
|
571 | (2) |
|
13.4.4 Sound Power and Frequency Content of Fans |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
13.4.5 Sound Power Levels of Fans and Predictions |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
13.4.6 Prediction of Fan Sound Power Level |
|
|
575 | (2) |
|
13.4.7 Importance of Proper Installation of Centrifugal Fans |
|
|
577 | (2) |
|
13.4.8 Terminal Units (CAV, VAV, and Fan-Powered VAV Boxes) |
|
|
579 | (2) |
|
|
581 | (2) |
|
13.6 Mechanical Room Noise and Vibration Control |
|
|
583 | (15) |
|
13.6.1 Use of Floating Floors |
|
|
584 | (4) |
|
13.6.2 Vibration Control of Equipment |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
13.6.3 Selection of Vibration Isolators |
|
|
588 | (8) |
|
13.6.4 Vibration Isolation of Ducts, Pipes, and Wiring |
|
|
596 | (2) |
|
13.7 Sound Attenuation in Ventilation Systems |
|
|
598 | (16) |
|
13.7.1 Use of Fiberglass in Plenum Chambers, Mufflers, and HVAC Ducts |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
13.7.2 Attenuation of Plenum Chambers |
|
|
598 | (5) |
|
|
603 | (4) |
|
13.7.4 Sound Attenuators (Silencers) |
|
|
607 | (2) |
|
13.7.5 Branches and Power Splits |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
13.7.6 Attenuation Due to End Reflection |
|
|
610 | (3) |
|
13.7.7 Attenuation by Miter Bends |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
13.8 Sound Generation in Mechanical Systems |
|
|
614 | (7) |
|
|
614 | (3) |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
618 | (2) |
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
|
621 | (10) |
|
13.9.1 Duct-Radiated Noise |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
13.9.2 Sound Breakout and Breakin From Ducts |
|
|
624 | (3) |
|
13.9.3 Mixing Box Radiated Noise |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
13.9.4 Radiation From Fan Plenum Walls |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
13.9.5 Overall Sound Pressure Level Prediction |
|
|
628 | (3) |
|
|
631 | (2) |
|
14 Surface Transportation Noise and Vibration Sources and Control |
|
|
633 | (28) |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
14.2 Automobile and Truck Noise Sources and Control |
|
|
633 | (11) |
|
14.2.1 Power Plant Noise and Its Control |
|
|
635 | (4) |
|
14.2.2 Intake and Exhaust Noise and Muffler Design |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
14.2.3 Tire/Road Noise Sources and Control |
|
|
640 | (2) |
|
14.2.4 Aerodynamic Noise Sources on Vehicles |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
14.2.5 Gearbox Noise and Vibration |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
14.2.6 Brake Noise Prediction and Control |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
14.3 Interior Road Vehicle Cabin Noise |
|
|
644 | (6) |
|
14.3.1 Automobiles and Trucks |
|
|
644 | (5) |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
14.4 Railroad and Rapid Transit Vehicle Noise and Vibration Sources |
|
|
650 | (4) |
|
14.4.1 Wheel-Rail Interaction Noise |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
14.4.2 Interior Rail Vehicle Cabin Noise |
|
|
651 | (3) |
|
14.5 Noise And Vibration Control in Ships |
|
|
654 | (2) |
|
|
656 | (5) |
|
15 Aircraft and Airport Transportation Noise Sources and Control |
|
|
661 | (16) |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
15.2 Jet Engine Noise Sources and Control |
|
|
661 | (2) |
|
15.3 Propeller and Rotor Noise Sources and Control |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
15.4 Helicopter and Rotor Noise |
|
|
663 | (3) |
|
15.5 Aircraft Cabin Noise and Vibration and Its Control |
|
|
666 | (3) |
|
15.5.1 Passive Noise and Vibration Control |
|
|
666 | (2) |
|
15.5.2 Active Noise and Vibration Control |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
15.6 Airport Noise Control |
|
|
669 | (4) |
|
15.6.1 Noise Control at the Source |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
15.6.2 Airport-specific Noise Control Measures |
|
|
670 | (3) |
|
|
673 | (4) |
|
16 Community Noise and Vibration Sources |
|
|
677 | (28) |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
16.2 Assessment of Community Noise Annoyance |
|
|
677 | (3) |
|
16.3 Community Noise and Vibration Sources and Control |
|
|
680 | (9) |
|
16.3.1 Traffic Noise Sources |
|
|
680 | (3) |
|
16.3.2 Rail System Noise Sources |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
16.3.3 Ground-Borne Vibration Transmission from Road and Rail Systems |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
16.3.4 Aircraft and Airport Noise Prediction and Control |
|
|
684 | (3) |
|
16.3.5 Off-road Vehicle and Construction Equipment Exterior Noise Prediction and Control |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
16.3.6 Industrial and Commercial Noise in the Community |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
16.3.7 Construction and Building Site Noise |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
16.4 Environmental Impact Assessment |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
16.5 Environmental Noise and Vibration Attenuation |
|
|
690 | (4) |
|
16.5.1 Attenuation Provided by Barriers, Earth Berms, Buildings, and Vegetation |
|
|
690 | (2) |
|
16.5.2 Base Isolation of Buildings for Control of Ground-Borne Vibration |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
16.5.3 Noise Control Using Porous Road Surfaces |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
16.6 City Planning for Noise and Vibration Reduction and Soundscape Concepts |
|
|
694 | (5) |
|
16.6.1 Community Noise Ordinances |
|
|
694 | (3) |
|
16.6.2 Recommendations for Urban Projects |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
16.6.3 Strategic Noise Maps |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
|
699 | (6) |
Glossary |
|
705 | (32) |
Index |
|
737 | |