Preface |
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xiii | |
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Introduction to Fluid Mechanics |
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1 | (40) |
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Chapter Overview of Goals |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (3) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (4) |
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British gravitational system of units |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (3) |
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10 | (3) |
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13 | (15) |
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Mass and weight densities |
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13 | (1) |
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Bulk modulus and coefficient of compressibility |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (7) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (10) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (7) |
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Hydrostatics adn Rigid-Body Motions |
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41 | (68) |
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Chapter Overview and Goals |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (9) |
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50 | (5) |
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Rise of Liquids Due to Surface Tension |
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55 | (6) |
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61 | (17) |
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63 | (4) |
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Forces on circular cylindrical surfaces |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (3) |
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Stability of submerged and floating bodies |
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73 | (5) |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (29) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (25) |
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109 | (84) |
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Chapter Overview and Goals |
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109 | (1) |
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Flow Properties and Characteristics |
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109 | (11) |
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Aceleration and the Material Derivative |
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120 | (3) |
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Control Volume and Control Surface Concepts |
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123 | (3) |
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Conservaton of Mass---the Continuity Equation |
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126 | (4) |
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Newton's Law---the Linear Momentum Equation |
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130 | (3) |
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Balance of Energy Equation |
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133 | (4) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (18) |
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Applications for flow measurement |
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138 | (5) |
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Fans, propellers, windmills, and wind turbines |
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143 | (5) |
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148 | (3) |
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Miscellaneous applications |
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151 | (5) |
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Unsteady Flows and Translating Control Volumes |
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156 | (7) |
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157 | (2) |
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Approximately unsteady flows |
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159 | (4) |
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Conservation of Moment-of-Momentum and Rotatign Control Volumes |
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163 | (5) |
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Moment-of-monentum equations for stationary control volumes |
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163 | (1) |
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Moment-of-momentum equations for rotatign control volumes |
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163 | (5) |
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Path Coordinates---the Euler and Bernoulli Equations |
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168 | (25) |
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Application---pitot tubes |
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170 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (22) |
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193 | (72) |
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Chapter Overview and Goals |
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193 | (1) |
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The Local Continuity Equation |
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193 | (4) |
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197 | (7) |
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Two-dimensional flows---Lagrange's stream function |
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197 | (4) |
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201 | (3) |
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Equations Governing Inviscid Flows |
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204 | (5) |
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Vorticity and Circulation |
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209 | (6) |
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Irrotational Flows and the Velocity Potential |
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215 | (25) |
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Intersection of velocity potential lines and streamlines |
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218 | (1) |
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Simple two-dimensional irotational flows |
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219 | (8) |
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227 | (1) |
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Simple three-dimensional irrotational flows |
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228 | (1) |
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Superposition and the method of images |
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229 | (11) |
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240 | (3) |
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243 | (3) |
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246 | (4) |
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Equations for Newtonian Fluids |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (3) |
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Some Solutions to the Navier-Stokes Equations When Convective Acceleration Is Absent |
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253 | (12) |
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Stokes' first problem---impulsive motion of a plate |
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253 | (3) |
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Stokes' seond problem---oscillation of a plate |
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256 | (3) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (5) |
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265 | (30) |
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Chapter Overview and Goals |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (2) |
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Algebraic Approach for the Formulation of Dimensionless Parameters |
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270 | (4) |
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Interpretation of Dimensionless Parameters as Force Ratios |
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274 | (1) |
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Summary of Steps Involved in Forming Dimensionless Parameters |
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275 | (1) |
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Some Common Dimensionless Parameters |
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276 | (2) |
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Examples of the Use of Dimensionless Parameters |
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278 | (3) |
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Model Studies---Similitude |
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281 | (3) |
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284 | (11) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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Cavitation number facilities |
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285 | (2) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (7) |
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295 | (52) |
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Chapter Overview and Goals |
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295 | (1) |
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Flow between parallel Plantes |
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296 | (7) |
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Solid Plates at both boundaries |
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299 | (2) |
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Solid plate plus a free surface |
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301 | (2) |
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303 | (5) |
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Flow in a Circular Tube or Annulus |
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308 | (9) |
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310 | (3) |
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313 | (4) |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (12) |
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331 | (16) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (11) |
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347 | (56) |
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Chapter Overview and Goals |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (2) |
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Eddy Viscosity and Mixing Length Concepts |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (18) |
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363 | (3) |
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366 | (3) |
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Hydraulic and energy grade lines |
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369 | (1) |
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Turbulent Boundary Layer Flows |
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369 | (12) |
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Fully established turbulent flow in a smooth pipe |
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369 | (4) |
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Momentum integral formulation |
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373 | (2) |
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Turbulent flow past smooth flat plates with zero pressure gradient |
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375 | (4) |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (22) |
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385 | (2) |
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Lift forces---the Magnus effect |
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387 | (2) |
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389 | (3) |
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References and Suggestions for Further Reading |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (10) |
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403 | (44) |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (2) |
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406 | (2) |
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Flow Over a small Bump in a Channel |
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408 | (4) |
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Small-Amplitude Standig Gravity Waves |
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412 | (2) |
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414 | (4) |
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Unsteady Flows---Moving Waves---Bores |
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418 | (3) |
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Channel Cross Section Shape Effects in Open Channel Flow |
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421 | (2) |
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422 | (1) |
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Channels with Optimum Shape |
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423 | (5) |
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Channels with Gradual Slope |
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428 | (5) |
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433 | (14) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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437 | (1) |
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438 | (9) |
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447 | (54) |
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Chapter Overview and Goals |
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447 | (1) |
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448 | (4) |
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Effects of Gas Entrainment on Bulk Modulus and Sonic Speed |
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452 | (2) |
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454 | (5) |
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457 | (1) |
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Pipe constrained from changing length |
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457 | (1) |
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458 | (1) |
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459 | (3) |
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Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas |
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462 | (9) |
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471 | (8) |
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479 | (4) |
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Oblique and Curved Shock Waves |
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483 | (4) |
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Adiabatic Pipe Flow with Friction |
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487 | (5) |
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Frictionless Pipe Flow with Heat Transfer |
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492 | (9) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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495 | (1) |
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495 | (6) |
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Measurement of Flow and Fluid Properties |
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501 | (32) |
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501 | (1) |
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Velocity-measuring Devices |
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501 | (6) |
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501 | (2) |
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Hot-wire and hot-film anemometers |
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503 | (1) |
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Laser Doppler velocimeter |
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504 | (3) |
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Volume Rate-measuring Devices |
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507 | (11) |
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507 | (2) |
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509 | (1) |
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509 | (1) |
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510 | (1) |
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Positive displacement meter |
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511 | (1) |
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512 | (1) |
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513 | (1) |
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Doppler-acoustic flow meter |
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514 | (1) |
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Vortex-shedding flow meter |
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514 | (1) |
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515 | (1) |
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515 | (2) |
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Integration of velocity measurements |
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517 | (1) |
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Mass Rate-measuring Devices |
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518 | (2) |
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518 | (1) |
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Coriolis force mass flow meter |
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519 | (1) |
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Pressure-measuring Devices |
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520 | (2) |
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520 | (1) |
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Strain gage and capacitance gage pressure cells |
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521 | (1) |
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Piezoelectric crystals and semiconductors |
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522 | (1) |
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Viscosity-measuring Devices |
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522 | (4) |
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Rotating chlinder viscometer |
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523 | (1) |
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Oswald-Cannon-Fenske viscometer |
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523 | (1) |
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524 | (1) |
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525 | (1) |
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Surface-Tension-measuring Device |
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526 | (1) |
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527 | (6) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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529 | (1) |
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530 | (3) |
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533 | (34) |
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Chapter Overview and Goals |
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533 | (1) |
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Pump Classification and Selection |
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533 | (2) |
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Positive displacement pumps |
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533 | (1) |
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534 | (1) |
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535 | (3) |
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538 | (8) |
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Positive Displacement Pumps |
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546 | (1) |
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Axial Flow Fans and Pumps |
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547 | (5) |
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552 | (3) |
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555 | (12) |
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556 | (3) |
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559 | (2) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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561 | (2) |
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563 | (4) |
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567 | (10) |
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References for Further Study |
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572 | (5) |
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Appendix A. Conversion of Units and Useful Constants |
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577 | (8) |
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577 | (4) |
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581 | (1) |
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581 | (1) |
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581 | (1) |
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582 | (1) |
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CGS units and their SI equivalents |
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582 | (1) |
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583 | (1) |
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583 | (1) |
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583 | (2) |
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Appendix B. Fluid Propeties |
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585 | (10) |
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Suface tensions for various fluids |
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585 | (1) |
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Surface tensions of water and alcohol |
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585 | (1) |
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Absolute viscosity vs. temperature (SI units) |
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586 | (1) |
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Kinematic viscosity vs. temperature (SI units) |
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587 | (1) |
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Absolute visocisity vs. temperature (British units) |
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588 | (1) |
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Kinematic viscosity vs. temperature (British units) |
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589 | (1) |
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Contact angles for various fluids |
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590 | (1) |
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Approximate physical properties of water |
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590 | (1) |
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Approximate physical properties of some common liquids |
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590 | (1) |
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SAE motor oil viscosity allowable ranges |
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591 | (1) |
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Approximate physical properties of air |
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591 | (1) |
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Approximate physical propeties of some common gases |
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592 | (1) |
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Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere |
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592 | (1) |
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593 | (2) |
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Appendix C. Mathematical Aids |
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595 | (12) |
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Solution of Algebraic Equations---Descartes' Rule of Signs |
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595 | (1) |
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595 | (2) |
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Newton's Method for Finding the Roots of an Algebraic Equation |
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597 | (2) |
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Numerical Integration of Ordinary Differential Equations |
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599 | (2) |
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The Navier-Stokes Equations in Curvilinear Coordinates |
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601 | (6) |
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Cylindrical polar coordinates |
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603 | (1) |
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Spherical polar coordinates |
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604 | (3) |
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Appendix D. Compressible Flow Table for Air (k = 1.4) |
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607 | (6) |
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Appendix E. A Brief History of Fluid Mechanics |
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613 | (16) |
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References on the History of Fluid Mechanics |
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626 | (3) |
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Appendix F. Design of a Pump System |
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629 | (6) |
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629 | (3) |
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632 | (1) |
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System Pressure Loss Calculations |
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633 | (2) |
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Appendix G. Some Suggestions for Design Problems |
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635 | (6) |
Glossary |
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641 | (8) |
Answers to Even Numbered Problems |
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649 | (8) |
Index |
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657 | |