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E-raamat: English Linguistics: A Coursebook for Students of English

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  • Formaat: 383 pages
  • Sari: Mouton Textbook
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jun-2010
  • Kirjastus: De Gruyter Mouton
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783110215489
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English Linguistics: A Coursebook for Students of EnglishSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 383 pages
  • Sari: Mouton Textbook
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jun-2010
  • Kirjastus: De Gruyter Mouton
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783110215489
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The book introduces the reader to the central areas of English linguistics. The main sections are: the English language and linguistics - sounds - meaning-carrying units - sentences: models of grammar - meaning - utterances - variation. Notably, the book is written from a foreign student's perspective of the English language, i.e. aspects relevant to foreign language teaching receive particular attention. A great deal of emphasis is put on the insights to be gained from the analysis of corpora, especially with respect to the idiomatic character of language (idiom principle, valency approach). In addition, the text offers basic facts about the history of the language and elaborates on the differences between British and American English.

The author demonstrates that a linguistic fact can usually be described in more than one way. To this end, each section contains a chapter written for beginners providing a broad outline and introducing the basic terminology. The remaining chapters in each section highlight linguistic facts in more detail and give an idea of how particular theories account for them.

The book can be used both from the first semester onwards and as perfect study aid for final B.A.-examinations.

Preface xiii
The English language and linguistics
1 Facts about English
1(11)
1.1 English world-wide
1(2)
1.2 Regional and social variation
3(1)
1.3 Historical variation
4(2)
1.4 The character of English
6(4)
1.4.1 English as a Germanic language
6(3)
1.4.2 Language typology
9(1)
1.5 The linguistic analysis of English
10(2)
2 Principles of modern linguistics
12(15)
2.1 Basic concepts of linguistic structuralism
12(8)
2.1.1 Principles of linguistics since de Saussure
12(2)
2.1.2 The character of the linguistic sign
14(2)
2.1.3 Synchronic and diachronic study of language
16(1)
2.1.4 The importance of relations
17(3)
2.1.4.1 The value of the linguistic sign
17(2)
2.1.4.2 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships
19(1)
2.1.5 Schools of structuralism
20(1)
2.2 Linguistics and descriptivity
20(2)
2.3 The principles of structuralism and foreign language teaching
22(3)
2.4 Areas of investigation
25(2)
3 Language, intuition and corpora
27(16)
3.1 Language
27(4)
3.1.1 Some basic distinctions
27(1)
3.1.2 Competence and performance: the language of the individual
28(1)
3.1.3 Language as a social phenomenon
29(1)
3.1.4 System and Norm – language use
29(2)
3.2 Finding data: traditional methods
31(2)
3.2.1 Principal options
31(1)
3.2.2 Introspection and elicitation
32(1)
3.2.3 Authentic language material: citations and corpora
33(1)
3.3 Corpus linguistics
33(9)
3.3.1 Corpora of English
33(4)
3.3.2 What we can do with corpora
37(4)
3.3.2.1 Corpus analysis
37(3)
3.3.2.2 Corpora and foreign language teaching
40(1)
3.3.3 Corpus design and corpus size
41(1)
3.4 Introspection, corpus analysis and views of language
42(1)
Sounds
4 The sounds of English: phonetics
43(13)
4.1 Sounds as the starting point of linguistic analysis
43(1)
4.2 Phones
43(2)
4.3 Articulatory, auditive and acoustic phonetics
45(3)
4.4 Description of sounds in articulatory terms
48(5)
4.5 Syllables
53(1)
4.6 Suprasegmental elements
54(2)
5 Phonology
56(11)
5.1 The function of speech sounds
56(2)
5.1.1 Phonemes and allophones
56(2)
5.1.2 Phonetics and phonology
58(1)
5.2 The description of phonemes
58(7)
5.2.1 Consonant phonemes
58(2)
5.2.2 Vowel phonemes
60(4)
5.2.3 Phonemic principle of pronunciation dictionaries
64(1)
5.3 Phonotactics
65(2)
6 Phonetic "reality"
67(9)
6.1 Problems of the phoneme concept
67(6)
6.1.1 The problem
67(1)
6.1.2 Phonetic value of phonological features
68(3)
6.1.3 The bi-uniqueness requirement
71(2)
6.2 Pronunciation in connected speech
73(3)
6.2.1 Weakening of elements
73(1)
6.2.2 Linking phenomena
74(1)
6.2.3 Weak forms
75(1)
7 Contrastive aspects of phonetics and phonology
76(7)
7.1 Levels of contrast
76(1)
7.2 Phoneme and phone inventories of English and German
76(3)
7.3 Rule-governed differences
79(1)
7.4 Suprasegmental differences
80(1)
7.5 Pedagogical implications
81(2)
Meaning-carrying units
8 Morphology
83(12)
8.1 The concept of the morpheme
83(2)
8.2 Types of morpheme
85(2)
8.3 Problems of a static morpheme concept
87(4)
8.3.1 The problem
87(1)
8.3.2 Portmanteau morphs
87(1)
8.3.3 Zero-morphs
88(1)
8.3.4 Morphological and phonological conditioning
89(2)
8.4 Inflectional morphology: historical background
91(1)
8.5 Further problems of morphological analysis
92(3)
9 Word formation
95(30)
9.1 Words
95(5)
9.1.1 Words and lexemes
95(3)
9.1.2 New words
98(2)
9.2 Word formation
100(8)
9.2.1 Introduction
100(2)
9.2.2 Formal types of word formation: a survey
102(3)
9.2.3 Semantic description of word formations
105(3)
9.3 Word formation and morphology
108(5)
9.3.1 The overlap between word formation and morphology
108(3)
9.3.2 Explanatory value of the analysis
111(2)
9.4 Productivity and restrictions
113(2)
9.5 Possible words – nonce formations – institutionalized words
115(5)
9.6 Psychological aspects of morphology
120(5)
10 Phraseology
125(16)
10.1 Prefabs
125(3)
10.2 Statistically significant collocations
128(3)
10.3 Institutionalized collocations
131(3)
10.4 Idioms
134(2)
10.5 The idiom principle and the mental lexicon
136(2)
10.6 Phraseological units
138(3)
Sentences — models of grammar
11 Syntax: traditional grammar
141(30)
11.1 Syntax and grammar
141(6)
11.1.1 Descriptive frameworks
141(1)
11.1.2 Sentence and clause
142(2)
11.1.3 Subject and predicate
144(3)
11.2 The elements of clause structure in CGEL
147(6)
11.2.1 Elements of clause structure as functional units
147(1)
11.2.2 Criteria for the distinction between different elements of clause structure
148(3)
11.2.3 CGEL's clause types
151(1)
11.2.4 Problems of traditional terminology
152(1)
11.3 Phrases
153(4)
11.3.1 Types of phrase
153(4)
11.3.2 The role of the phrase
157(1)
11.4 Word classes
157(14)
11.4.1 Criteria for the establishment of word classes
157(3)
11.4.2 CGEL's word classes
160(1)
11.4.3 Verbs
161(1)
11.4.4 Central and peripheral members of word classes – word classes as prototypes
162(2)
11.4.5 Multiple-class membership
164(1)
11.4.6 The distinction between determiners and pronouns
165(2)
11.4.7 The distinction between prepositions and subordinating conjunctions
167(1)
11.4.8 Word classes in English
168(3)
12 Valency theory and case grammar
171(29)
12.1 Two types of hierarchy
171(5)
12.1.1 Constituency
171(2)
12.1.2 Dependency
173(3)
12.1.3 Case grammar and valency theory
176(1)
12.2 Case grammar: semantic roles
176(7)
12.2.1 Basic principles of case grammar
176(2)
12.2.2 Advantages and drawbacks of case grammar
178(2)
12.2.3 Some useful participant roles
180(3)
12.3 The basic principles of valency theory
183(9)
12.3.1 Introduction
183(1)
12.3.2 Complements and adjuncts
183(2)
12.3.3 Qualitative and quantitative aspects of valency
185(2)
12.3.4 Valency carriers
187(1)
12.3.5 Components of a valency description
188(3)
12.3.6 Valency patterns
191(1)
12.4 A valency based approach to English syntax
192(8)
12.4.1 Combining aspects of clause structure and valency
192(2)
12.4.2 A modified view of phrase structure
194(4)
12.4.2.1 Head complexes
194(1)
12.4.2.2 Noun phrases, adjective phrases and adverb phrases
195(2)
12.4.2.3 Particle phrases
197(1)
12.4.2.4 Clauses as verb phrases
197(1)
12.4.3 Description of units
198(1)
12.4.4 Example
198(2)
13 Theories of grammar and language acquisition
200(20)
13.1 Chomsky's approach
200(10)
13.1.1 Basic assumptions
200(2)
13.1.2 Transformations – deep structures and surface structures
202(3)
13.1.3 Claims and evidence
205(3)
13.1.4 Language acquisition
208(2)
13.1.4.1 The language acquisition device
208(1)
13.1.4.2 Universal grammar
209(1)
13.2 Usage-based approaches
210(10)
13.2.1 Construction grammar
210(2)
13.2.2 Argument structure constructions
212(3)
13.2.3 The usage-based view of language acquisition
215(5)
Meaning
14 Semantics: meaning, reference and denotation
220(13)
14.1 Meaning
220(1)
14.2 Meaning and reference
221(8)
14.2.1 Bloomfield's misconception of meaning
221(2)
14.2.2 Denotation
223(1)
14.2.3 Reference
224(9)
14.2.3.1 The general notion of reference
224(2)
14.2.3.2 Definite and indefinite reference
226(3)
14.3 The scope of meaning
229(4)
15 Meaning relations
233(14)
15.1 Polysemy and homonymy
233(4)
15.1.1 Polysemy and homonymy in linguistic analysis
233(4)
15.1.2 Psycholinguistic and lexicographical implications
237(1)
15.2 Ambiguity
237(1)
15.3 Problems of identification of meanings and lexical units
238(1)
15.4 Structural semantics
239(8)
15.4.1 The idea of contrast
239(1)
15.4.2 Semantic relations
240(16)
15.4.2.1 Hyponymy: unilateral entailment
240(1)
15.4.2.2 Synonymy: bilateral entailment
241(2)
15.4.2.3 Semantic oppositions
243(4)
16 Ways of describing meaning
247(18)
16.1 Componential analysis
247(5)
16.2 The structure of vocabulary
252(1)
16.3 Vocabulary and conceptualization
253(3)
16.4 Prototype theory
256(9)
16.4.1 Colour terms
256(2)
16.4.2 Prototypes
258(3)
16.4.3 Basic level categories
261(2)
16.4.4 Problems of prototype theory
263(2)
Utterances
17 Pragmatics
265(18)
17.1 Word, sentence and utterance meaning
265(3)
17.1.1 Sentence meaning
265(1)
17.1.2 The meaning of utterances
266(2)
17.2 Principles
268(3)
17.2.1 The co-operative principle and conversational implicature
268(2)
17.2.2 Further principles
270(1)
17.3 Speech acts
271(12)
17.3.1 Performatives and constatives
271(4)
17.3.2 Locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts
275(2)
17.3.3 Felicity conditions
277(1)
17.3.4 Types of speech act
278(5)
17.3.4.1 Searle's taxonomy
278(2)
17.3.4.2 Direct and indirect speech acts
280(1)
17.3.4.3 Problems of classification
281(2)
18 Texts
283(19)
18.1 The notion of text
283(4)
18.1.1 Cohesion and coherence
283(4)
18.1.2 Texts as utterances
287(1)
18.2 Cohesive relations
287(8)
18.2.1 Explicit linking expressions
287(1)
18.2.2 Grammatical aspects of relating referents and meanings
288(3)
18.2.3 Lexical aspects of cohesion and coherence
291(4)
18.3 Thematic structure and information structure
295(3)
18.3.1 Theme and rheme – given and new information
295(2)
18.3.2 End-focus and marked focus
297(1)
18.4 Spoken and written texts
298(4)
Variation
19 Variation in language
302(13)
19.1 Registers and dialects
302(3)
19.2 Accent, dialect, standard and prestige
305(4)
19.2.1 Standard English and its pronunciations
305(2)
19.2.2 Quality judgements
307(2)
19.3 Levels of differences between regional and social varieties
309(6)
20 Linguistic change
315(15)
20.1 Types of linguistic change
315(1)
20.2 Sound change
316(6)
20.2.1 The phoneme systems of Old English and RP
316(2)
20.2.2 Types of sound change
318(1)
20.2.3 Important sound changes in the history of English
319(3)
20.2.3.1 I-mutation
319(1)
20.2.3.2 The Great Vowel Shift
319(2)
20.2.3.3 Quantitative changes
321(1)
20.2.3.4 Present-day reflections
321(1)
20.3 Lexis
322(3)
20.3.1 New words
322(2)
20.3.2 Changes of meaning
324(1)
20.3.3 Homonymy
325(1)
20.4 Grammar
325(5)
20.4.1 Differences between Old English and Modern English
325(2)
20.4.2 Analogy
327(1)
20.4.3 Grammaticalization
328(2)
Postscript 330(2)
Bibliography 332(33)
Index 365
Thomas Herbst, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
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