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E-raamat: Enhancing Learning with Effective Practical Science 11-16

Edited by (University of Lincoln, UK), Edited by (IOE, UCLs Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, UK)
  • Formaat: 280 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Dec-2016
  • Kirjastus: Bloomsbury Academic
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781472592293
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
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  • Formaat: 280 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Dec-2016
  • Kirjastus: Bloomsbury Academic
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781472592293

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Enhancing Learning with Effective Practical Science not only provides an exploration of the reasons why practical work is often less effective than it could be, but also offers full and clear lesson guides for effective practical lessons in biology, chemistry and physics for students aged between 11 and 16. Each lesson guide will present the practical work to be undertaken, the objects required and the ideas to be explored. Health and safety issues will also be covered.

Essential reading for trainee science teachers, and practicing teachers looking to enhance their teaching through effective use of practical work, especially if teaching outside their science specialism.

Arvustused

With its clear structure and concise chapters, this book should be within reach of every science teacher in my view. No matter how many years you have been teaching science, this book really is one of the best practical resources I have come across ... It is a valuable resource that can be used time and again in the classroom. * School Science Review * This book is both timely and useful [ and] had a positive effect on my practice and the learning of my students. * Royal Society of Chemistry * This guide to making practical science more effective, in order to enhance the learning experience, will be welcomed by both new and established science teachers and should feature in the libraries of all teacher-training institutions. * The Biologist * This book demonstrates the value of using education research to inform the practice of science teaching in schools. It presents a thoughtful and accessible approach to improving the effectiveness of practical work in the science classroom. * Jim Ryder, Professor of Science Education, University of Leeds, UK * This practical manual is really useful as it guides the science practical practitioner. Furthermore, it is grounded by the age-old debate about the added value of doing practical work in science lessons. The effectiveness matrix enables the teacher to plan the teaching and learning that will promote learning and understanding of the science. The Secretary for State for Education wants evidence-based practice: this book delivers on that front too! * Lyn Haynes, Senior Lecturer, School of Teacher Education and Development, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK * This book provides a large collection of practical activities for secondary science, many familiar to teachers, some less so. The distinctive feature of this book is its use of the 2x2 effectiveness matrix ... Abrahams and Reiss acknowledge that the effectiveness of a practical activity is not determined by the activity itself but by how it is implemented in the classroom. Their book provides a framework that can help teachers to implement practical science activities more thoughtfully, so that more of their students succeed in doing and learning what is intended. * Robin Millar, Emeritus Professor of Science Education, University of York, UK * The teaching of science in schools and universities rests on a blind faith in the value of practical work. This book takes a close look at the evidence to show that there is far too much hands on and not enough minds on. Building on an extensive program of research, it shows how to make practical work a more effective learning experience offering 72 examples. In doing so, it injects a much needed breath of fresh air questioning many long held myths about practical work. It should be compulsory reading for every practising teacher of science. * Jonathan Osborne, Kamalachari Professor of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, USA * Practical work has long been a core feature of science lessons in the secondary school, yet there is much evidence from research that school practicals are often ineffective at helping students learn the key concepts that the laboratory or fieldwork is meant to introduce or illustrate. Despite this, science teachers are generally committed to practical work, and with good reason. The very essence of science - as something distinct from philosophy on the one hand and craftwork on the other - is the interplay between theory and systematically examined empirical evidence. An authentic science education gives learners experience of this back-and-forth between ideas and experience, and yet it is just this interplay that often gets missed when students engage in practical work. Michael Reiss and Ian Abrahams have here put together a resource for classroom teachers that will support effective practical work in the secondary school. Drawing upon both research and the expertise of biology, chemistry and physics education specialists, this book sets out the core principles behind effective science practical work, and exemplifies these with a wide range of examples of practicals suitable for 'minds-on (as well as hands-on) student activities. This book is likely to prove insightful and invaluable to all teachers of secondary science. * Keith S. Taber, Professor of Science Education, University of Cambridge, UK *

Muu info

Not only does this accessible text explain the background research into practical work but it also provides clear, easy-to-follow examples of effective practical work in biology, chemistry and physics for use with students aged between 11 and 16.
Notes on Contributors x
How to Use This Book 1(4)
Ian Abrahams
Michael J. Reiss
1 The Role of Practical Work in Science Education
5(12)
Ian Abrahams
Michael J. Reiss
1.1 Introduction
6(1)
1.2 Previous studies into the role of practical work
6(2)
1.3 Five generic aims for the use of practical work
8(1)
1.4 The role of practical work in enhancing the learning of scientific knowledge
8(2)
1.5 The role of practical work in motivating students
10(1)
1.6 The role of practical work in teaching laboratory skills
11(1)
1.7 The role of practical work in developing scientific attitudes
12(1)
1.8 The role of practical work in developing insights into and expertise of the scientific method
13(1)
1.9 Current perspectives on the nature and purpose of practical work
14(3)
2 Effective Practical Work: `Hands on' and `Minds on'
17(12)
Ian Abrahams
Michael J. Reiss
2.1 The `hands on' and `minds on' model that we advocate
18(2)
2.2 Using the model in practice
20(2)
2.3 Pre-training observations
22(3)
2.4 Post-training findings
25(2)
2.5 Conclusions and implications for undertaking practical work
27(2)
3 Biology: Session Guides 11--14
29(34)
Indira Banner
Mark Winterbottom
3.1 The structure of plant and animal cells
30(3)
3.2 Investigating the effect of antiseptic on microbial growth
33(3)
3.3 Effect of exercise on heart rate
36(2)
3.4 Investigating respiration in plants and animals
38(3)
3.5 Measuring forces exerted by different muscles
41(2)
3.6 Investigating the effect of different nerve pathways on reaction times
43(3)
3.7 Investigating variation within and between species
46(3)
3.8 Extracting DNA from plant tissue
49(3)
3.9 Determining the population size of a plant species on the school field
52(2)
3.10 Investigation into how seeds are dispersed by the wind
54(2)
3.11 Investigating responses of woodlice using choice chambers
56(3)
3.12 Investigating photosynthesis by the presence or absence of starch in a leaf
59(4)
4 Biology: Session Guides 15--16
63(34)
Indira Banner
Mark Winterbottom
4.1 Investigating diffusion and surface area in agar blocks
64(2)
4.2 Comparing the energy content of foods
66(3)
4.3 Investigating the factors that promote decay
69(3)
4.4 Investigating the effect of amylase on starch
72(3)
4.5 Investigating the structure and function of the breathing system
75(2)
4.6 Investigating Daphnia heart rate in response to caffeine
77(2)
4.7 Investigating the presence and absence of light on photosynthesis using algal balls
79(3)
4.8 Comparing stomatal density on leaves
82(3)
4.9 Measuring transpiration rates from leaves in different conditions
85(3)
4.10 Observing turgor and plasmolysis in onion cells
88(3)
4.11 Root Tip Preparation and the Mitotic Index
91(3)
4.12 Investigating the effects of evolution using a model
94(3)
5 Chemistry: Session Guides 11--14
97(42)
Ann Childs
Elaine Wilson
5.1 Separating the colours in black ink
98(3)
5.2 Which is the most reactive halogen?
101(3)
5.3 What substances cause hard water?
104(4)
5.4 What salts are present in sea water?
108(3)
5.5 What is the most reactive metal?
111(5)
5.6 The difference between elements, mixtures and compounds
116(3)
5.7 The extraction of metals from their ores using carbon
119(3)
5.8 Plants as indicators
122(4)
5.9 Diffusion of ions in solution -- the case of lead(II) iodide
126(3)
5.10 Using universal indicator to illustrate the process of neutralisation
129(3)
5.11 Analysis of combustion products when a candle burns
132(4)
5.12 The thermal decomposition of copper carbonate
136(3)
6 Chemistry: Session Guides 15--16
139(44)
Ann Childs
Elaine Wilson
6.1 What ions are present in an unknown ionic solid?
140(5)
6.2 Transition metal ions as catalysts -- which works best?
145(3)
6.3 Modelling the formation of igneous rocks
148(4)
6.4 How does the concentration of a reactant affect the rate of reaction?
152(3)
6.5 How does changing the temperature of a chemical reaction affect its reaction rate?
155(4)
6.6 Electrolysis of ionic compounds in solution
159(3)
6.7 Electricity from pairs of metals
162(3)
6.8 Making an iodine clock or a Landolt Clock
165(4)
6.9 Cracking hydrocarbons
169(4)
6.10 Emulsifiers
173(3)
6.11 Making nylon rope
176(3)
6.12 Thermometric titration
179(4)
7 Physics: Session Guides 11--14
183(32)
James de Winter
Michael Inglis
7.1 Measuring the speed of moving objects
184(3)
7.2 Motion graphs
187(3)
7.3 Relationship between force and extension for a helical spring
190(3)
7.4 Observing the appearance of the Moon over time
193(3)
7.5 Thermal conduction
196(3)
7.6 Thermal insulation
199(2)
7.7 Comparing the energy content of fuels
201(2)
7.8 The law of reflection
203(2)
7.9 The law of refraction
205(2)
7.10 Filters and colours
207(2)
7.11 Investigating the magnetic field around a bar magnet
209(3)
7.12 Factors that affect the strength of a simple electromagnet
212(3)
8 Physics: Session Guides 15--16
215(38)
James de Winter
Michael Inglis
8.1 Circular motion
216(3)
8.2 Efficiency and energy transfer
219(3)
8.3 Personal power
222(2)
8.4 Specific heat capacity
224(3)
8.5 The pressure law
227(3)
8.6 Estimating absolute zero/Charles law
230(3)
8.7 Critical angle and total internal reflection
233(3)
8.8 Finding the focal length of a lens and making a telescope
236(4)
8.9 Potential difference and current characteristics for an Ohmic resistor
240(3)
8.10 Resistance of a wire
243(3)
8.11 Electromagnetic induction
246(3)
8.12 Electrolysis
249(4)
9 Additional Effective Practical Work
253(2)
Ian Abrahams
Michael J. Reiss
10 Conclusions
255(3)
Ian Abrahams
Michael J. Reiss
References 258(4)
Index 262
Ian Abrahams is Professor of Science Education at the University of Lincoln, UK.

Michael J. Reiss is Professor of Science Education at IOE, UCLs Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, UK.