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xvii | |
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xxi | |
Foreword |
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xxiii | |
Preface |
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xxv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxxiii | |
Prologue |
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xxxv | |
Author |
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xxxvii | |
Other Books |
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xxxix | |
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1 | (24) |
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1.1 Evolution of Enterprise Systems |
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1 | (3) |
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1.1.1 Materials Requirement Planning |
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1 | (2) |
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1.1.2 Closed-Loop Materials Requirement Planning |
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3 | (1) |
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1.1.3 Manufacturing Requirement Planning II |
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3 | (1) |
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1.1.4 Enterprise Resource Planning |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Extended Enterprise Systems |
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4 | (4) |
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1.2.1 Extended Enterprise Systems Framework |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.1.4 Electronic Business Layer |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Extended Functionality |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3 Enterprise System Packages and Bespoke Solutions |
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8 | (3) |
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1.4 Enterprise Resource Planning |
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11 | (11) |
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1.4.1 Concept of Enterprise Resource Planning |
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12 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Enterprise Resource Planning System |
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13 | (2) |
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1.4.3 Characteristics of Enterprise Resource Planning |
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15 | (1) |
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1.4.3.1 Enterprise Resource Planning Transforms the Enterprise into an Information-Driven Enterprise |
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16 | (1) |
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1.4.3.2 Enterprise Resource Planning Fundamentally Perceives an Enterprise as a Global Enterprise |
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16 | (1) |
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1.4.3.3 Enterprise Resource Planning Reflects and Mimics the Integrated Nature of an Enterprise |
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16 | (1) |
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1.4.3.4 Enterprise Resource Planning Fundamentally Models a Process-Oriented Enterprise |
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17 | (1) |
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1.4.3.5 Enterprise Resource Planning Enables the Real-Time Enterprise |
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18 | (1) |
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1.4.3.6 Enterprise Resource Planning Elevates Information Technology Strategy as a Part of the Business Strategy |
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18 | (1) |
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1.4.3.7 Enterprise Resource Planning Represents a Major Advance on the Earlier Manufacturing Performance Improvement Approaches |
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19 | (1) |
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1.4.3.8 Enterprise Resource Planning Represents the Departmental Store Model of Implementing Computerized Systems |
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20 | (1) |
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1.4.3.9 Enterprise Resource Planning is a Mass-User-Oriented Application Environment |
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20 | (1) |
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1.4.4 Advantages of Enterprise Resource Planning |
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20 | (1) |
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1.4.5 Disadvantages of Enterprise Resource Planning |
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21 | (1) |
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1.5 Enterprise Business Processes |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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2 Characteristics of Business Processes |
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25 | (22) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (3) |
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29 | (7) |
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2.3.1 Computing Cycle Tune |
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31 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Process Flow Aspects |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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2.3.3.2 Theoretical Capacity |
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33 | (2) |
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2.3.3.3 Capacity Utilization |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (3) |
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2.6 Measuring Process Performance |
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40 | (4) |
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2.6.1 Concepts for Performance Measurement |
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41 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Process Performance Measurement Based on Indicators, Measures, and Figures |
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41 | (1) |
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2.6.3 Measurements to Determine Process Performance |
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42 | (1) |
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2.6.4 Frameworks for Measuring Process Performance |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (3) |
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Section I Genesis of Enterprise Process Management Systems |
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47 | (20) |
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47 | (3) |
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48 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Principles of Systems Science |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (4) |
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3.2.1 System Dynamics via Simulation Modeling |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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3.2.2.1 Increasing Complexity |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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3.2.2.3 Growing Security Concerns |
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52 | (1) |
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3.2.2.4 Rising Privacy Concerns |
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52 | (1) |
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3.2.2.5 Increasing Interconnectedness |
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52 | (1) |
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3.2.2.6 Many Stakeholders |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (10) |
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3.3.1 Systems Architecture |
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54 | (3) |
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3.3.1.1 Functional Architectural Requirements |
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57 | (1) |
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3.3.1.2 Nonfunctional Architectural Requirements |
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58 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Enterprise Architecture |
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59 | (1) |
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3.3.2.1 Business Architecture |
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60 | (1) |
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3.3.2.2 Information Architecture |
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61 | (1) |
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3.3.2.3 Application Architecture |
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62 | (1) |
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3.3.2.4 Technical Architecture |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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4 Enterprise Architecture |
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67 | (32) |
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67 | (6) |
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4.1.1 Architectural Element |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (2) |
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4.1.2.1 Attribute Tradeoffs |
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70 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Candidate Architecture |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (13) |
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78 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Availability Perspective |
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80 | (3) |
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4.3.3 Scalability Perspective |
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83 | (4) |
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4.4 Enterprise Architecture Frameworks |
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87 | (9) |
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88 | (3) |
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4.4.2 The Open Group Architecture Framework |
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91 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework |
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93 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Department of Defense Architecture Framework |
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94 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Ministry of Defense Architecture Framework |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (3) |
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99 | (28) |
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100 | (3) |
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103 | (9) |
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5.2.1 Process Perspectives |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (5) |
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5.3 Reference Process Architecture: Workflow Systems |
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112 | (5) |
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5.3.1 Basic Workflow Components |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Workflow Perspectives |
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116 | (1) |
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5.3.4.1 Data or Informational Perspective |
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116 | (1) |
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5.3.4.2 Context or Organizational Perspective |
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116 | (1) |
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5.3.4.3 Interaction or Operational Perspective |
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117 | (1) |
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5.3.4.4 Processing or Functional and Behavioral Perspective |
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117 | (1) |
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5.4 Workflow Reference Model |
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117 | (7) |
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5.4.1 Workflow Process Definition Tool |
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118 | (3) |
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5.4.2 Workflow Client Application |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Invoked Application |
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121 | (1) |
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5.4.5 Administration and Monitoring Tool |
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122 | (1) |
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5.4.6 Workflow Reference Model Interfaces |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (3) |
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Section II Road to Enterprise Process Management Systems |
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127 | (32) |
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127 | (4) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (2) |
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131 | (2) |
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6.3 Requirements of Modeling |
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133 | (4) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (9) |
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6.4.1 Enterprise Model Components |
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138 | (2) |
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6.4.2 Enterprise Knowledge Development |
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140 | (6) |
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146 | (7) |
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147 | (2) |
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6.5.2 Process Modeling Languages |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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6.5.2.2 Event-Driven Process Chains |
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150 | (1) |
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6.5.2.3 Yet Another Workflow Language |
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151 | (1) |
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6.5.2.4 Unified Modeling Language Activity Diagrams |
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152 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Business Process Modeling Notation |
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153 | (1) |
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6.6 Process Description for Storing Business Process Models |
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153 | (4) |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (24) |
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159 | (12) |
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7.1.1 Distributed Computing |
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161 | (1) |
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7.1.1.1 System Architectural Styles |
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162 | (1) |
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7.1.1.2 Software Architectural Styles |
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163 | (5) |
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7.1.1.3 Technologies for Distributed Computing |
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168 | (3) |
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7.2 Distributed Databases |
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171 | (11) |
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7.2.1 Characteristics of Distributed Databases |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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7.2.1.2 Availability and Reliability |
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173 | (1) |
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7.2.1.3 Scalability and Partition Tolerance |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Distributed Databases |
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174 | (4) |
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7.2.3 Data Replication and Allocation |
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178 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed Databases |
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179 | (1) |
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7.2.4.1 Distributed Recovery |
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180 | (1) |
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7.2.5 Rules for Distributed Databases |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (1) |
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8 Service-Oriented Architecture |
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183 | (22) |
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8.1 Service-Oriented Architecture |
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183 | (3) |
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8.1.1 Defining Service-Oriented Architecture |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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8.2 Service-Oriented Architecture Benefits |
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186 | (1) |
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8.3 Characteristics of Service-Oriented Architecture |
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187 | (1) |
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8.4 Service-Oriented Architecture Applications |
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188 | (2) |
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8.4.1 Rapid Application Integration |
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189 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Multichannel Access |
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189 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Business Process Management |
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190 | (1) |
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8.5 Service-Oriented Architecture Ingredients |
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190 | (6) |
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8.5.1 Objects, Services, and Resources |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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8.5.2 Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services |
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192 | (3) |
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8.5.3 Service-Oriented Architecture and Representational State Transfer-Ful Services |
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195 | (1) |
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8.6 Enterprise Service Bus |
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196 | (8) |
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8.6.1 Characteristics of an Enterprise Service Bus Solution |
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199 | (1) |
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8.6.1.1 Key Capabilities of an Enterprise Service Bus |
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200 | (3) |
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8.6.1.2 Enterprise Service Bus Scalability |
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203 | (1) |
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8.6.1.3 Event-Driven Nature of Enterprise Service Buses |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (28) |
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205 | (2) |
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9.2 Cloud Characteristics |
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207 | (2) |
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9.2.1 Cloud Storage Infrastructure Requirements |
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208 | (1) |
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9.3 Cloud Delivery Models |
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209 | (4) |
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9.3.1 Infrastructure as a Service |
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210 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Platform as a Service |
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211 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Software as a Service |
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212 | (1) |
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9.4 Cloud Deployment Models |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (8) |
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217 | (1) |
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9.6.1.1 Characteristics of a Virtualized Environment |
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218 | (3) |
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9.6.2 Service-Oriented Computing |
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221 | (1) |
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9.6.2.1 Advantages of Service-Oriented Architecture |
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222 | (1) |
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9.6.2.2 Layers in Service-Oriented Architecture |
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223 | (1) |
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9.7 Business Processes with Service-Oriented Architecture |
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224 | (6) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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9.7.3 Business Process Management |
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227 | (1) |
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9.7.4 Business Processes via Web Services |
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228 | (1) |
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9.7.4.1 Service Composition |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (3) |
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Section III Enterprise Process Management Systems |
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10 Business Process Management Systems |
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233 | (24) |
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10.1 Process-Oriented Enterprise |
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233 | (2) |
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10.1.1 Value-Added Driven Enterprise |
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234 | (1) |
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10.2 History of Business Process Management |
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235 | (3) |
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10.2.1 First-Wave Business Process Management--Process Improvement (1970s-1980s) |
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235 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Second-Wave Business Process Management--Process Redesign and Reengineering (1990s) |
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236 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Third-Wave Business Process Management--Processes in Constant Change (2000s) |
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237 | (1) |
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10.2.4 Fourth-Wave Business Process Management--Process-Based Competitive Advantage (2010s) |
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238 | (1) |
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10.2.5 Fifth-Wave Business Process Management--Process-Driven Strategy (2020s) |
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238 | (1) |
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10.3 Business Process Life Cycle |
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238 | (4) |
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10.4 Concept of Business Process Management |
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242 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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10.5 Business Process Management |
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244 | (2) |
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10.6 Management by Collaboration |
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246 | (2) |
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10.7 Business Process Maturity Model |
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248 | (2) |
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10.8 Business Process Management Systems |
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250 | (4) |
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251 | (3) |
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10.9 Enterprise Process Management Systems |
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254 | (2) |
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256 | (1) |
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11 Business Process Modeling and Notation |
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257 | (20) |
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11.1 Business Process Modeling and Notation Core Elements |
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257 | (7) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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11.1.6 Intermediate Events |
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263 | (1) |
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11.1.7 Event-Based Gateway |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (1) |
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11.4 Sample Purchasing Scenario Represented in Business Process Modeling and Notation |
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267 | (2) |
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11.5 Characteristics of Business Process Modeling and Notation for Modeling Software Engineering Processes |
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269 | (2) |
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11.5.1 Business Process Modeling and Notation Strengths |
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270 | (1) |
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11.5.2 Business Process Modeling and Notation Weaknesses |
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270 | (1) |
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11.5.3 Business Process Modeling and Notation Drawbacks |
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271 | (1) |
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11.6 Spreadsheet-Based Process Modeling |
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271 | (4) |
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11.6.1 Process Model Transformations into Spreadsheets |
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272 | (1) |
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11.6.2 Process Model Transformations |
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273 | (1) |
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11.6.3 Business Process Modeling and Notation Transformations |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (2) |
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12 Development of Process-Centric Application Systems |
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277 | (26) |
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277 | (4) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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12.2 Deductive Spreadsheet |
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281 | (2) |
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12.2.1 Traditional Spreadsheet |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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12.3 Spreadsheet Application Development Methodology |
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283 | (17) |
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12.3.1 Process Identification |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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12.3.1.2 Process Flow Identification |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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12.3.2.1 Activity Spreadsheet Development Part I |
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285 | (4) |
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12.3.2.2 Activity Spreadsheet Development Part II |
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289 | (2) |
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12.3.3 Process Improvement and Innovation |
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291 | (1) |
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12.3.3.1 "As-Is" Process Model Analysis |
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291 | (2) |
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12.3.3.2 "To-Be" Model Creation |
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293 | (2) |
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12.3.3.3 "To-Be" Process Model Analysis |
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295 | (1) |
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12.3.4 System Development |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (1) |
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12.3.4.3 System Implementation |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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12.3.5.1 System Maintenance |
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299 | (1) |
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12.3.5.2 Process Maintenance |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (3) |
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13 Engineering of Process-Centric Application Systems |
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303 | (26) |
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13.1 Model-Driven Development |
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303 | (8) |
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13.1.1 Model-Driven Architecture |
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304 | (3) |
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13.1.1.1 Model-Driven Architecture Support |
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307 | (1) |
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13.1.1.2 Unified Modeling Language |
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308 | (3) |
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13.2 Process-Centric Applications |
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311 | (1) |
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13.3 Process-Centric Applications Architecture |
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312 | (7) |
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13.3.1 Transforming a Process Model into an Executable Process |
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315 | (2) |
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13.3.2 Process-Centric Applications Specifications |
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317 | (1) |
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13.3.3 Process-Centric Applications Development |
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318 | (1) |
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13.4 SAP Process Orchestration |
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319 | (7) |
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13.4.1 SAP Business Process Management |
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320 | (1) |
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13.4.1.1 Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN 2.0) |
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321 | (3) |
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13.4.2 SAP Business Rules Management |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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13.4.3 SAP Process Integration |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (3) |
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Section IV Enterprise Process Management Systems Applications |
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14 EPMS for Business Process Analysis |
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329 | (20) |
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330 | (2) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (7) |
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14.2.1 Model I: Pure Birth Model |
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333 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Model II: Pure Death Model |
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333 | (1) |
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14.2.3 Model III: Generalized Poisson Queuing Model |
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334 | (1) |
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14.2.4 Single-Server Models |
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335 | (1) |
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14.2.4.1 Model IV (M/M/1): (GD/∞/∞) |
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335 | (1) |
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14.2.4.2 Model V (M/M/1): (GD/N/∞) |
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336 | (1) |
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14.2.5 Multiple-Server Models |
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337 | (1) |
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14.2.5.1 Model VII (M/M/C): (GD/∞/∞) |
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337 | (1) |
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14.2.5.2 Model VIII (M/M/C): (GD/N/∞) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (6) |
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341 | (1) |
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14.3.1.1 Discrete-Event Simulation |
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341 | (3) |
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14.3.2 Simulation Procedure |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (2) |
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14.4.1 Quality Measurement |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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14.4.4 Flexibility Measurement |
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|
347 | (1) |
|
|
347 | (2) |
|
15 EPMS for Business Process Improvement |
|
|
349 | (28) |
|
15.1 Business Process Reengineering |
|
|
349 | (3) |
|
15.2 Enterprise Business Process Redesign or Reengineering Methodology |
|
|
352 | (7) |
|
15.2.1 Strategic Planning for Enterprise Business Process Reengineering |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
15.2.1.1 Identifying the Business Processes in the Company |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
15.2.2 Selecting Business Processes for Business Process Reengineering |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
15.2.3 Creating Process Maps |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
15.2.4 Analyzing Processes for Breakthrough Improvements |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
15.2.5 Innovative Breakthrough Improvement in Processes |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
15.2.6 Implementing Designed Processes |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
15.2.7 Measuring the Performance of Designed Processes |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
15.3 Enterprise-Wide Continuous Improvement Programs |
|
|
359 | (10) |
|
|
359 | (4) |
|
|
363 | (3) |
|
15.3.3 Theory of Constraints |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
15.3.3.1 Theory of Constraints Tools |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
15.4 Time-Based Competition |
|
|
369 | (7) |
|
15.4.1 Activity-Based Customer Responsiveness |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
15.4.2 Activity-Based Costing |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
15.4.3 Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing |
|
|
373 | (3) |
|
15.4.4 Responsive Activity Pricing |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
16 EPMS for Customer Conversations |
|
|
377 | (22) |
|
16.1 Business Processes and Human Interactions |
|
|
377 | (5) |
|
16.1.1 Human Interaction Management |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
16.1.2 Human Interaction Management System |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
16.1.3 Comparing Human Interaction Management and Business Process Management |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
16.1.4 HumanEdj Human Interaction Management Systems |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
16.2 Interactions and the Quality of Experience |
|
|
382 | (8) |
|
16.2.1 Factors Influencing Quality of Experience |
|
|
384 | (4) |
|
16.2.2 Features of Quality of Experience |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
16.3 Customer Interaction Systems |
|
|
390 | (8) |
|
16.3.1 Spoken Language Recognition |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
16.3.2 Spoken Language Understanding |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
16.3.4 Natural Language Generation |
|
|
394 | (2) |
|
16.3.5 Text-to-Speech Synthesis |
|
|
396 | (2) |
|
16.4 Implementing Customer Interaction Systems |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
398 | (1) |
Epilogue: Digital Transformations of Enterprises |
|
399 | (8) |
Appendix A Business Process Execution Language |
|
407 | (6) |
Appendix B Interaction Architectures |
|
413 | (6) |
Bibliography |
|
419 | (6) |
Index |
|
425 | |