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E-raamat: Environment and Animal Development: Genes, Life Histories and Plasticity

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Animal Developmental Ecology is the first book to focus specifically on the interactions between the environment and developmental mechanisms with particular emphasis given to the consequences for animal populations. The underlying premise of

Animal Developmental Ecology is the first book to focus specifically on the interactions between the environment and developmental mechanisms with particular emphasis given to the consequences for animal populations. The underlying premise of the book is that the study of physiological mechanisms alongside the analysis of adaptive values will enable rapid advances in our knowledge of this important field. With contributors from well-known experts, the book will be invaluable for all postgraduates and researchers in this area.
Contributors ix
Abbreviations xiii
Preface xv
The nature of animal developmental ecology
1(28)
D. Atkinson
M. Thorndyke
Introduction
1(3)
Types of developmental response to the environment
4(4)
Proximate mechanisms in developmental ecology
8(11)
Adaptive significance of developmental responses
19(4)
Integrating the `how' and `why' - synergy from synthesis
23(6)
Molecular ecology and identification of marine invertebrate larvae
29(42)
A.D. Rogers
Introduction
29(2)
Biochemical methods for larval identification
31(6)
Molecualr methods
37(24)
Alternative methods for identifying marine larvae
61(1)
Conclusions
62(9)
Hormonal regutation of repoductive development in crustaceans
71(14)
G. Wainwright
H.H. Rees
Introduction
71(1)
Effects of temperature and photoperiod
72(1)
The eyestalk
73(1)
Moulting hormones
73(2)
Juvenile hormones
75(10)
Rearing lobsters at different temperature; effects on muscle phenotype and molecular expression
85(14)
J.M. Holmes
A. Rubio
D. Lewis
D.M. Neil
A.J. El Haj
Introduction
85(2)
Muscles and moultin
87(4)
Temperature effects on lobster growth, muscle phenotype and protein expression
91(4)
Conclusion
95(4)
Impact of temperature on the growth and diffeentiation of muscle in herring larvae
99(22)
I.A. Johnston
G.K. Temple
V.L.A. Vieira
Introduction
99(1)
Larval morphology
99(2)
Swimming behaviour and muscle fibre types
101(2)
Influence of rearing temperature on muscle phenotype
103(4)
Post-embryonic muscle growth characteristics
107(2)
Embryonic temperature and larval phenotype
109(3)
Muscle growth in a natural population of herring at sea
112(4)
Conclusions
116(5)
Lipid dietary effects on environmental stress tolerance
121(14)
J.A. Logue
Essential fatty acids in the marine system
121(1)
The biological role of LC-PUFA
121(2)
Essential fatty acids and nervous system development
123(2)
Mechanisms of dietary-induced stress resistance
125(3)
Larval diet and programming of stress phenotype
128(1)
Ecological relevance of dietary lipid-determined stress phenotype
129(1)
Overview
130(5)
Influence of environmental factors on the ontogeny of the immune system in turbot
135(18)
C. Low
I. Taylor
W. Melvin
M.F. Tatner
T.H. Birkbeck
C. Secombes
Introduction
135(1)
Ontogeny of the lymphoid organs
135(2)
Non-specific defences
137(5)
Specific defences
142(11)
Developmental ecology of immunity in crustaceans
153(20)
V.J. Smith
J.R.S. Chisholm
J.H. Brown
Introduction
153(1)
Immunity in crustaceans
154(2)
Environmental and developmental aspects of immunity in crustaceaans
156(1)
Markers of immune capability in crustaceans
157(1)
Experimental approaches
158(1)
Antibacterial peptides
158(3)
Haemopoiesis
161(2)
Developmental ecology of antibacterial defence in crustanceans
163(1)
Methods for assessing larvae and post-larvae
163(1)
Future directions
164(1)
Summary and conclusions
165(8)
Contaminant-mediated pro-/antioxidant processs and oxidative damage in early life stages of fish
173(30)
D.R. Livingston
S.C.M. O'Hara
F. Frettsome
J. Rundle
Introduction
173(1)
Pro-oxidant and antioxidant processes in biological systems, including adult fish
174(4)
Pro-oxidant and antioxidant processes in early life stages of fish
178(3)
Laboratory studies: the effects of short-term exposure of free feeding larvae to pro-oxidant chemicals on pro-oxidant/antioxidant processes, oxidative damage and subsequent growth in turbot (S. maximus)
181(7)
Summary and overview
188(15)
Endocrine disrupters, critical windows and developmental success in oyster larvae
203(16)
H.E. Nice
M. Crane
D. Morritt
M. Thorndyke
Introduction
203(2)
Larval responses to 4-nonylphenol
205(3)
Settlement
208(5)
Data analysis
213(6)
Interrupted development in aquatic organisms: ecological context and physiological mechanisms
219(16)
S.C. Hand
J.E. Podrabsky
B.D. Eads
F. van Breukelen
Introduction
219(1)
Diapause in an annual killifish
220(4)
Anoxia-induced quiescence in Artemia embryos
224(5)
Summary
229(6)
Interrupted development: the impact of temperature on insect diapause
235(16)
D.L. Denlinger
Introduction
235(1)
Contribution of temperature to diapause induction, maintenance and termination
236(3)
Relationship between diapause and cold-hardiness
239(1)
Physiological responses to low temperature during diapause
240(2)
Diapause-related genes
242(3)
Role of low temperature in elevating the expression of select genes during diapause
245(1)
Conclusion
246(5)
Development and hatching in cephalopod eggs: a model system for partitioning environmental and genetic effects on development
251(36)
P.R. Boyle
L. Noble
A.M. Emery
S. Craig
K.D. Black
J. Overnell
Introduction
251(1)
Cephalopod reproduction
252(3)
Rationale
255(1)
Material sources
255(1)
The developmental environment
256(2)
Hatchling quality
258(1)
Hatchling genotype
259(5)
The potential of cephalopod developmental studies
264(5)
Offspring size responses to maternal temperature in ectotherms
D. Atkinson
S.A. Morley
D. Weetman
R.N. Hughes
Introduction
269(1)
Quality of data
270(1)
A general response to maternal temperature?
271(3)
Potential mechanisms
274(3)
Adaptive explanations
277(4)
Conclusion
281(6)
Growth strategies of ectothermic animals in temperate environments
287(18)
K. Gotthard
Introduction
287(1)
Theory
287(6)
Empirical findings
293(6)
Conclusions
299(6)
Mechanisms and patterns of selection on performance curves: thermal sensitivity of caterpillar growth
305(16)
J.G. Kingsolver
Introduction
305(2)
Thermal sensitivity of caterpillar growth rate
307(2)
Variation in thermal performance curves
309(4)
Selection on TPC variation
313(3)
Summary and prospects
316(5)
Fitness consequences of seasonal reproduction: experiments on the polychaete Nereis virens Sars
321(22)
P.J.W. Olive
C. Lewis
V. Beardall
K. Last
M.G. Bentley
Introduction
321(5)
Materials and methods
326(2)
Results
328(7)
Discussion
335(8)
Overwintering biology as a guide to the establishment potential of non-native arthropods in the UK
343(12)
J.S. Bale
K.F.A. Walters
Introduction
343(1)
Risks associated with alien introductions
344(1)
Theoretical relationships affecting establishment
344(4)
Establishment of alien phytophagous insects - a comparative experimental approach
348(3)
Comparisons between different taxonomic groups
351(1)
Discussion
352(1)
Wider application of the risk assessment protocol
352(3)
Index 355


D. Atkinson, M. Thorndyke