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E-raamat: Environmental Management in Organizations: The IEMA Handbook

3.27/5 (19 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)

John Brady, Alison Ebbage, Ruth Lunn

Formaat: 608 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 15-Apr-2013
Kirjastus: Earthscan Ltd
Keel: eng
ISBN-13: 9781135072469

Teised raamatud teemal:

Business & the environment, 'Green' approaches to business

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Formaat: 608 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 15-Apr-2013
Kirjastus: Earthscan Ltd
Keel: eng
ISBN-13: 9781135072469

Teised raamatud teemal:

Business & the environment, 'Green' approaches to business

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Environmental issues can present some daunting operational concerns for all types of organization, whether in the private, public and voluntary sectors. Managing them requires environmental professionals with a working knowledge of the rapidly developing body of regulatory measures.

This new edition of Environmental Management in Organizations provides all the management tools, performance measures and communication strategies that organizations need to manage their environmental responsibilities effectively. Leading experts on each topic provide focused explanations and clear practical guidance, as well as setting out the context and the key environmental and management drivers.

This edition significantly updates the original handbook to take account of developments in the environmental agenda, including new dedicated chapters on climate change, energy, transport, biodiversity and chemicals. Published with IEMA.

Arvustused

'This second edition of the handbook is most welcome. It brings the whole subject up to date and remains an indispensable reference and toolkit for environmental practitioners. It sets out the issues and context, and provides practical guidance for understanding and tackling environmental management effectively. It will be invaluable for anyone seeking to become a Chartered Environmentalist.'

John Gregory, Chair, Society for the Environment

Figures, Tables and Boxes

xiii

About the Contributors

xviii

Foreword

xxiv

Acknowledgements

xxvi

Acronyms and Abbreviations

xxvii

Introduction

xxxiv

Part 1 The Environmental Context

1.1 The Earth's Natural Systems

(10)

The origins of the Earth

(1)

The living system of planet Earth

(1)

Natural laws, living organisms and ecosystem resources

(1)

Nature's cycles

(1)

Biological diversity

(2)

Human ecology

(1)

Our industrial legacy

(1)

Rediscovering our nature

(1)

References and further reading

(1)

1.2 The State of the Global Environment

(26)

All things are linked

(1)

Material behaviour within nature's cycles

(2)

Pollutants within the Earth system

(2)

Physical degradation of natural systems

(1)

The human population

(1)

Overburdening an interconnected world

(1)

Trends in water

(3)

Biodiversity struggling on

(1)

Vanishing forests

(3)

Shrinking earth, barren oceans and empty food baskets

(1)

Caught in the cross-winds

(6)

The human cost

(1)

Money makes the world go around

(1)

Our common destiny

(2)

References and further reading

(1)

1.3 Sustainability and Sustainable Development

(24)

Introduction

(1)

A track record of progress

(5)

The funnel effect

(1)

Sustainability principles

(2)

Systems thinking

(5)

Backcasting

(1)

The social dimension of sustainable development

(1)

Models of sustainability and sustainable development

(4)

Transformation

(1)

Making sense of sustainable development

(1)

References and further reading

(2)

1.4 Valuing Ecosystems and their Services

(8)

Evolution of ecosystem services

(2)

Ecosystem services and natural resource management

(1)

The ecosystem approach

(2)

Valuation of ecosystem services

(1)

Ecosystem services for equity and sustainability

(1)

References and further reading

(2)

1.5 Overview of the Law and International Legislation

(12)

What is law?

(1)

Types of law

(1)

How laws arise

(1)

Environmental principles

(2)

When laws are breached

(2)

Aspects of international law

(3)

International trade and the environment

(1)

References and further reading

(2)

1.6 European Union Environmental Policy and Legislation

(20)

Introduction

(1)

Development of EU environmental policy and legislation

(5)

Making policy

(1)

Implementation and enforcement of legislation

(2)

Sixth Environment Action Programme 2002-2012 and its achievements

(1)

Tackling climate change

(2)

Protection of human health

(1)

Protection of biodiversity

(1)

Managing resources

(1)

Ecological modernization

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

References and further reading

100

(3)

1.7 The UK Legislative Context

103

(30)

Introduction

103

(2)

The planning system

105

(4)

The Environmental Permitting Regulations

109

(3)

Energy and climate change

112

(6)

Water pollution and water quality

118

(4)

Contaminated land regime

122

(2)

Environmental Liability Directive and the Environmental Damage Regulations

124

(3)

New environmental sanctions

127

(2)

References and further reading

129

(4)

Part 2 Environmental Themes

2.1 Biodiversity and Conservation

133

(20)

What is biodiversity?

133

(1)

Why does conserving biodiversity matter?

133

(3)

International legislation and policy

136

(1)

EU policy and legislation

137

(1)

UK policy and legislation

138

(3)

Local biodiversity action plans

141

(1)

National policy and country biodiversity strategies

142

(1)

The ecosystem approach

142

(2)

Legal status of biodiversity action plans

144

(1)

Organizations' approaches to biodiversity conservation

145

(1)

Biodiversity and land use planning

146

(3)

References and further reading

149

(4)

2.2 Chemicals

153

(16)

Introduction

153

(1)

EU regulatory framework

154

(5)

REACH

159

(3)

Industry product stewardship

162

(5)

Conclusions

167

(1)

References and further reading

167

(2)

2.3 Climate Change

169

(16)

Introduction

169

(1)

The science of climate change

169

(4)

Impacts and climate feedbacks

173

(1)

Responding to climate change

174

(4)

The policy framework

178

(2)

Successor to Kyoto

180

(1)

Domestic policy

181

(2)

References and further reading

183

(2)

2.4 Energy

185

(14)

Energy as a service

185

(1)

Energy supply options

185

(1)

Evaluating energy supply options

186

(7)

Energy in transition

193

(1)

Policy context

194

(2)

Conclusion, energy in the organization

196

(1)

References and further reading

196

(3)

2.5 Food and Agriculture

199

(14)

Policy background

199

(1)

National and European policy

200

(1)

Global influence

201

(1)

Good environmental practice in farming

201

(2)

Environment and rural development: Common Agricultural Policy reform

203

(2)

Sustainable agriculture and organic farming

205

(1)

Indicators

206

(3)

Food production, environmental performance and the supply chain

209

(2)

References and further reading

211

(2)

2.6 Pollution Prevention and Control

213

(26)

Introduction

213

(1)

Background

214

(1)

Legislation

215

(4)

Improving performance

219

(1)

Guiding principles

220

(3)

Regulation

223

(2)

Tools to achieve pollution prevention and control

225

(7)

Risk-based regulation

232

(1)

Monitoring

233

(1)

Communications

234

(1)

Enforcement

235

(2)

Challenges to industry

237

(1)

Conclusions

237

(1)

References and further reading

238

(1)

2.7 Transport and Greenhouse Gases

239

(12)

Introduction

239

(1)

The policy challenge

240

(1)

Shipping

241

(1)

Aviation

242

(1)

The land transport sector

243

(3)

References and further reading

246

(5)

Part 3 Managing Environmental Performance

3.1 The Response of Organizations

251

(10)

Environmental issues

251

(1)

The impact of environmental issues on organizations

252

(3)

Understanding the pressures on an organization

255

(3)

Taking action

258

(3)

3.2 Environmental Management Systems

261

(14)

Introduction

261

(1)

EMS background

261

(1)

ISO 14001 - EMS specification

262

(7)

EMS certification and accreditation

269

(1)

Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)

270

(2)

The ISO 14000 environmental management series

272

(1)

References and further reading

272

(3)

3.3 Sustainable Procurement

275

(20)

Introduction

275

(1)

Developing a sustainable procurement strategy

276

(10)

Contract-specific risk assessment

286

(8)

References and further reading

294

(1)

3.4 Environmental Product Development

295

(16)

Introduction

295

(1)

Environmental product development

296

(2)

Understanding the environmental impact of products

298

(2)

Improving the environmental performance of products

300

(4)

Communicating the environmental performance of products

304

(4)

References and further reading

308

(3)

3.5 Waste Management and Producer Responsibility

311

(14)

Environmental impacts caused by waste

311

(1)

Strategy and policy background

312

(1)

Waste minimization

313

(3)

Legislation and regulations

316

(4)

Producer responsibility

320

(3)

Future trends

323

(1)

References and further reading

324

(1)

3.6 Contaminated Land

325

(10)

What is meant by contaminated land?

325

(1)

Why it can be a problem

326

(2)

Managing land contamination

328

(2)

Land condition record

330

(1)

Dealing with other issues

330

(1)

Skills and professional development

331

(1)

A checklist for environmental management of land contamination

332

(1)

References and further reading

333

(2)

3.7 Engaging with People in Your Organization

335

(22)

Introduction

335

(3)

Preparing the ground

338

(1)

Change management

338

(3)

The training cycle: analysis and design

341

(4)

The training cycle: delivery

345

(2)

The training cycle: evaluation

347

(4)

Summary

351

(1)

References and further reading

352

(5)

Part 4 Measuring and Communicating Environmental Performance

4.1 Emissions and Contamination Standards

357

(22)

Emissions to atmosphere

357

(7)

Emissions to land

364

(6)

Discharges to water

370

(6)

References and further reading

376

(3)

4.2 Measurement and Monitoring

379

(20)

Introduction

379

(2)

Why carry out monitoring?

381

(2)

Monitoring strategy and programmes

383

(1)

Monitoring of air

384

(7)

Monitoring of water

391

(1)

Monitoring of contaminated land

392

(2)

Monitoring of noise

394

(2)

Quality assurance and control

396

(1)

References and further reading

397

(2)

4.3 Auditing

399

(20)

Introduction

399

(1)

Definitions

400

(1)

Scope and objectives of auditing

401

(2)

Standards for environmental auditing

403

(2)

Management systems auditing

405

(7)

Auditor qualifications

412

(2)

Links with other business systems

414

(2)

Conclusions

416

(1)

References and further reading

417

(2)

4.4 Environmental Performance Indicators

419

(14)

Introduction

419

(1)

Environmental performance indicators (EPIs)

420

(1)

Generic steps for environmental performance reporting

421

(1)

Guides to environmental performance evaluation

422

(4)

Carbon reporting - how to measure and report greenhouse gas emissions

426

(1)

Biodiversity performance indicators

427

(1)

Convention on Biological Diversity

428

(1)

Products

429

(1)

Mandatory or voluntary reporting

430

(1)

Future trends

430

(1)

References and further reading

431

(2)

4.5 Reporting and Accounting

433

(12)

Introduction

433

(1)

Financial statements, financial auditing and environmental issues

434

(1)

What accounting can do for environmental management

435

(2)

Environmental reporting

437

(2)

Social reporting, the GRI and towards the `triple bottom line'

439

(2)

Accounting and reporting for sustainability and sustainable development

441

(1)

Conclusions

442

(1)

References and further reading

442

(3)

4.6 Engaging with Stakeholders

445

(24)

Introduction

445

(1)

Who are the stakeholders?

446

(2)

The objectives of stakeholder engagement

448

(2)

Levels of stakeholder engagement

450

(1)

Techniques for stakeholder engagement and participation in environmental decision-making

451

(3)

Stakeholder engagement and participation: case studies

454

(8)

Taking stock and future directions

462

(3)

References and further reading

465

(4)

Part 5 Evaluation Tools

5.1 Environmental Impact Assessment

469

(14)

What is EIA?

469

(4)

The EIA process

473

(5)

Review and other issues

478

(2)

Conclusions

480

(1)

References and further reading

481

(2)

5.2 Strategic Environmental Assessment

483

(12)

What is SEA?

483

(2)

The SEA Directive and Protocol

485

(4)

Application of the Directive

489

(1)

Undertaking SEA

490

(3)

References and further reading

493

(2)

5.3 Environmental Risk Governance

495

(16)

The governance of environmental risks

495

(4)

The regulatory context

499

(4)

Tools and techniques for practitioners

503

(4)

Evaluating risk assessments

507

(1)

Future trends

508

(1)

References and further reading

508

(3)

5.4 Life Cycle Assessment

511

(14)

Introduction

511

(2)

LCA methodology

513

(4)

Applications of LCA

517

(3)

References and further reading

520

(5)

Part 6 The Challenges Ahead for the Environmental Profession

6.1 The Sustainability Challenge

525

(8)

The transition

525

(1)

Economic and technological conditions for sustainability

526

(2)

Regulating for sustainability

528

(1)

Democratizing sustainability

529

(1)

Planetary futures

530

(2)

References and further reading

532

(1)

6.2 Getting Beyond Integrated Thinking and Governance

533

(10)

Introduction

533

(1)

Context

534

(1)

The trend towards integration

534

(2)

Searching for the benefits of integration

536

(1)

The environment as the entry point

537

(2)

The challenge of governance

539

(1)

Concluding thoughts

540

(1)

References and further reading

541

(2)

6.3 The Future of the Environmental Profession

543

(16)

Introduction

543

(2)

Working at level one: task focus

545

(1)

Level two: first line supervision or management

546

(1)

Level three: department and system management

546

(1)

Level four: general management of a division or function

547

(1)

Level five: business unit or corporate division management

548

(2)

Making sense of levels

550

(1)

Level five: the real challenge and opportunity

551

(1)

Seeing the whole at level six

551

(1)

Seeing the future at level seven

552

(1)

The future

553

(4)

References and further reading

557

(2)

Index

559

Dr. John Brady was until 2010 the managing editor and publisher of 'the environmentalist' magazine. He has published widely on engineering and environmental issues and brings his extensive knowledge to the work of Consilience Media and this handbook. Prior to this he was Group Environmental Director of Northumbrian Water and Chair of IEMA

Alison Ebbage was Commissioning Editor of 'the environmentalist' until the end of 2010. She now works on a freelance basis for Consilience Media. Alison has a wealth of journalistic experience with a background in economics, finance, investment and wealth management. She has written in a freelance capacity for most of the broadsheets as well as more specialist trade publications

Ruth Lunn has worked for Consilience Media since August 2005, first as Deputy Editor of 'the environmentalist' and then as its Editor. She has a supervisory role with other titles produced by Consilience Media and editorial material for the company's digital media offerings. Prior to this she was a marketing officer for Newcastle College and a Director and account manager for Newgate Communications

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