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E-raamat: Environmental Pest Management: Challenges for Agronomists, Ecologists, Economists and Policymakers

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Jul-2017
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  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119255598
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119255598

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A wide-ranging, interdisciplinary exploration of key topics that interrelate pest management, public health and the environment

This book takes a unique, multidimensional approach to addressing the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their impacts on the environment and human health, and environmental effects on plant protection practices.

It features contributions by a distinguished group of authors from ten countries, representing an array of disciplines. They include plant protection scientists and officers, economists, agronomists, ecologists, environmental and public health scientists and government policymakers. Over the course of eighteen chapters, those experts share their insights into and analyses of an array of issues of vital concern to everyone with a professional interest in this important subject.

The adverse effects of pest control have become a subject of great concern worldwide, and researchers and enlightened policymakers have at last begun to appreciate the impact of environmental factors on our ability to manage pest populations. Moreover, while issues such as pesticide toxicity have dominated the global conversation about pest management, economic and societal considerations have been largely neglected. Environmental Pest Management: Challenges for Agronomists, Ecologists, Economists and Policymakers is the first work to provide in-depth coverage of all of these pressing issues between the covers of one book.

  • Offers a unique multi-dimensional perspective on the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their effect on the environment and human health
  • Addresses growing concerns about specific pest management strategies, including the use of transgenic crops and biological controls
  • Analyses the influence of global processes, such as climate change, biological invasions and shifts in consumer demand, and ecosystem services and disservices on pest suppression efforts
  • Explores public health concerns regarding biodiversity, pesticide use and food safety
  • Identifies key economic drivers of pest suppression research, strategies and technologies
  • Proposes new regulatory approaches to create sustainable and viable crop protection systems in the framework of agro-environmental schemes

Offering a timely and comprehensively-unique treatment of pest management and its environmental impacts in a single, inter-disciplinary volume, this book is a valuable resource for scientists in an array of disciplines, as well as government officials and policymakers. Also, teachers of undergraduate and graduate level courses in a variety of fields are sure to find it a highly useful teaching resource. 

List of Contributors xi
Preface
xv
Moshe Coll
Eric Wajnberg
1 Environmental Pest Management: A Call to Shift from a Pest-Centric to a System-Centric Approach
1(18)
Moshe Coll
Eric Wajnberg
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Modern Developments in Pest Control
1(2)
1.3 The Disillusionment with Integrated Pest Management
3(8)
1.4 A Call for Environmental Pest Management
11(2)
Acknowledgements
13(1)
References
13(6)
Part I General Background 19(58)
2 Approaches in Plant Protection: Science, Technology, Environment and Society
21(34)
Deborah K. Letourneau
Margaret I. FitzSimmons
Diego J. Nieto
2.1 Introduction
21(1)
2.2 History of Plant Protection Approaches
22(9)
2.3 Integrated Pest Management: What Does it Take?
31(10)
2.4 Transforming Agriculture Systems for IPM
41(2)
Acknowledgments
43(1)
References
43(12)
3 The Economics of Alternative Pest Management Strategies: Basic Assessment
55(22)
Clement A. Tisdell
David Adamson
Bruce Auld
3.1 Introduction
55(1)
3.2 Economic Decisions at Farm Level Based on Threshold Models Assuming Use of a Given Pest Control Technique and Certainty
56(4)
3.3 Uncertainties and Economic Decisions at Farm Level About Pest Control: Assumes a Given Pest Control Technique and Applies the Threshold Approach
60(4)
3.4 Choice of Alternative Pest Control Techniques at Farm Level Assuming Certainty
64(2)
3.5 The Economics of the Timing of Pest Control and the Optimal Choice of Techniques Given Uncertainty
66(4)
3.6 A Note on Biological Pest Control
70(1)
3.7 Discussion of the Modelling of the Economics of Pest Management at the Farm Level
71(2)
3.8 Concluding Comments
73(1)
References
73(4)
Part II Impact of Pest Management Practices on the Environment 77(74)
4 Effects of Chemical Control on the Environment
79(26)
Francisco Sanchez-Bayo
4.1 Introduction
79(1)
4.2 Pesticides in Agriculture
79(4)
4.3 Impacts of Pesticides on the Environment
83(11)
4.4 Concluding Remarks
94(1)
References
95(10)
5 Environmental Impacts of Arthropod Biological Control: An Ecological Perspective
105(26)
David E. Jennings
ian J. Duan
Peter A. Follett
5.1 Introduction
105(1)
5.2 The 'Invasion' Process of Establishing Non-native Biocontrol Agents
106(1)
5.3 Ecological Processes Underlying the Environmental Impact of Biocontrol
107(4)
5.4 Ecological Impact Assessment and Cost-benefit Analysis
111(1)
5.5 Case Study I: Biocontrol of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)
112(3)
5.6 Case Study II: Biocontrol of Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.)
115(4)
5.7 Concluding Remarks
119(1)
Acknowledgements
120(1)
References
120(11)
6 Effects of Transgenic Crops on the Environment
131(20)
Peter B. Woodbury
Antonio DiTommaso
Janice Thies
Matthew Ryan
John Losey
6.1 Range and Scope of Transgenic Crops
131(1)
6.2 Conceptual Framework
132(1)
6.3 Primary Effects
132(2)
6.4 Secondary Effects
134(3)
6.5 Tertiary Effects: Broader Spatial and Temporal Scales
137(3)
6.6 Quantifying Risks and Benefits of Transgenic Traits
140(3)
6.7 Variation Among Countries in Risk Assessment and Management
143(1)
6.8 Conclusions
143(1)
References
144(7)
Part III Influence of Unmanaged Habitats on Pest Management 151(44)
7 Ecosystem Services Provided by Unmanaged Habitats in Agricultural Landscapes
153(22)
Stefano Colazza
Morgan W. Shields
Ezio Peri
Antonino Cusumano
7.1 Introduction
153(2)
7.2 Global Importance of Arthropod Natural Enemies in Pest Management
155(1)
7.3 Importance of Multitrophic Interactions to Biological Pest Control
156(2)
7.4 Importance of Unmanaged Vegetation for Biological Control
158(5)
7.5 Landscape Use to Maximize Biological Control
163(1)
7.6 Conclusions
164(1)
References
165(10)
8 The Role of Ecosystem Disservices in Pest Management
175(20)
Mark A.K. Gillespie
Steve D. Wratten
8.1 Introduction
175(3)
8.2 EDS and Unmanaged Habitats
178(8)
8.3 Landscape Context and the EDS from Unmanaged Habitats
186(2)
8.4 Managing for EDS from Unmanaged Habitats
188(1)
8.5 Conclusions and Future Research
189(1)
References
190(5)
Part IV Effects of Global Changes on Pest Management 195(54)
9 Effect of Climate Change on Insect Pest Management
197(28)
Nigel R. Andrew
Sarah J. Hill
9.1 Introduction
197(1)
9.2 Observed Climate Changes Influencing Agro-Ecosystems
198(1)
9.3 Insect Responses to Climate Change
198(4)
9.4 Overview of Insect Pests in Agro-Ecosystems and Climate Change
202(5)
9.5 How Climate Change and Insect Responses May Affect Various Ecological Processes Important for Plant Protection
207(3)
9.6 Climate Change and IPM Approaches
210(4)
9.7 Directions for Future Research
214(1)
Acknowledgements
214(1)
References
215(10)
10 Effects of Biological invasions on Pest Management
225(24)
George K. Roderick
Maria Navajas
10.1 Invasion Science
225(8)
10.2 Invasions - A Natural Process?
233(1)
10.3 Perception and Value of Introduced and Invasive Alien Species
234(1)
10.4 When to Act, and Why?
235(1)
10.5 How Best to Control Invasive Species?
235(1)
10.6 Case Studies
236(2)
10.7 Conclusions
238(2)
Acknowledgements
240(1)
References
240(9)
Part V Pest Control and Public Health 249(48)
11 Pesticides and Human Health
251(24)
Jane A. Hoppin
Catherine E. LePrevost
11.1 Introduction
251(1)
11.2 Human Exposure to Pesticides
251(3)
11.3 Acute Toxicity
254(3)
11.4 Chronic Human Health Effects
257(8)
11.5 Conclusions
265(1)
References
266(9)
12 Human Health Concerns Related to the Consumption of Foods from Genetically Modified Crops
275(22)
Javier Magaha-Gomez
Ana Maria Calderon de la Barca
12.1 History of GM Foods and Associated Food Safety Concerns
275(2)
12.2 Status and Commercial Traits Regarding Genetically Modified Organisms
277(4)
12.3 The Bases for Unintended Health Risks
281(1)
12.4 Guidelines and Approaches Used for Risk Assessment of GM Foods
282(1)
12.5 Recent Research on in vivo Evaluation of GM Foods Consumption
283(3)
12.6 Shortcomings and Research Needs in the Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Foods
286(4)
12.7 Conclusion
290(1)
References
290(7)
Part VI Policies Related to Environmental Pest Management 297(108)
13 Effectiveness of Pesticide Policies: Experiences from Danish Pesticide Regulation 1986-2015
299(26)
Anders Branth Pedersen
Helle Orsted Nielsen
13.1 Introduction
299(1)
13.2 Denmark - a Pioneer in Pesticide Policies
300(6)
13.3 Effects
306(9)
13.4 Comparing Denmark to the EU and Internationally
315(4)
13.5 Conclusion
319(1)
References
319(6)
14 Impacts of Exotic Biological Control Agents on Non-target Species and Biodiversity: Evidence, Policy and Implications
325(22)
Barbara I.P. Barratt
Clark A.C. Ehlers
14.1 Environmental Safety of Biological Control
325(2)
14.2 Legislation and Regulation of Biological Control
327(2)
14.3 Risk Assessment
329(8)
14.4 Postrelease Validation of Predicted Outcomes
337(2)
14.5 Implications of Biological Control Regulation Policy: What has it Meant for Biological Control Practice?
339(1)
14.6 The Future for Biological Control Regulation
340(1)
Acknowledgements
341(1)
References
341(6)
15 Pesticides in Food Safety versus Food Security
347(22)
Pieter Spanoghe
15.1 Introduction
347(1)
15.2 Use of Plant Protection Products in Farming Systems
348(5)
15.3 Food Security in a Changing World
353(3)
15.4 Food Safety and Pesticides in a Global Market
356(6)
15.5 Towards Sustainability
362(2)
15.6 Conclusion
364(1)
References
364(5)
16 External Costs of Food Production: Environmental and Human Health Costs of Pest Management
369(16)
Nir Becker
16.1 Introduction: Pesticide Externalities
369(1)
16.2 Background: The Impact of Pesticide Use
370(3)
16.3 The Challenge in Estimating Externalities from Pesticide Use
373(2)
16.4 Externality Estimation Methods
375(1)
16.5 Overview of Existing Studies on Externalities of Pesticides
376(2)
16.6 Integrated Pest Management
378(1)
16.7 The Role of Information
379(1)
16.8 Conclusion
380(1)
References
381(4)
17 The Role of Pest Management in Driving Agri-environment Schemes in Switzerland
385(20)
Felix Herzog
Katja Jacot
Matthias Tschumi
Thomas Walter
17.1 Introduction
385(1)
17.2 Policy Context of the Swiss Agricultural Sector
386(2)
17.3 Ecological Focus Areas for Biodiversity Protection
388(6)
17.4 Ecosystem Service Provision as a New Paradigm
394(4)
17.5 Conclusion
398(1)
References
399(6)
Part VII Concluding Remarks, Take-Home Messages and a Call for Action 405(14)
18 Environmental Pest Management: The Need for Long-term Governmental Commitment
407(12)
Moshe Coll
Eric Wajnberg
18.1 The Prevalence of a Pest-centric, Bottom-up Approach to Pest Control
407(1)
18.2 The Main Messages Presented in this Volume
408(4)
18.3 The Role of Governments in Pest Management
412(2)
18.4 Characteristics of Top-down, Environmental Pest Management
414(2)
Acknowledgements
416(1)
References
416(3)
Index 419
Moshe Coll, PhD, Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, is an applied ecologist with more than a quarter century of experience researching herbivore-plant interactions, predator-prey dynamics in agricultural and natural habitats, and biological and integrated pest control.

Eric Wajnberg, PhD, INRA, Sophia Antipolis, France, is a population biologist specialising in population genetics, behavioural ecology and statistical modelling. An expert in biological pest control, he has studied insect parasitoids for thirty years.