Contributors |
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1 Essential oils in plants: Plant physiology, the chemical composition of the oil, and natural variation of the oils (chemotaxonomy and environmental effects, etc.) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Phytochemistry of different essential oils |
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2 | (6) |
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1.3 Natural variation of the oils (chemotaxonomy and environmental effects, etc.) |
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8 | (8) |
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1.4 Extraction methods of essential oils |
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16 | (4) |
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1.5 Characterization of all essential oil |
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20 | (1) |
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1.6 Applications of all essential oils |
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21 | (5) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (10) |
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28 | (8) |
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36 | (1) |
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2 Extraction and analysis of essential oils: Extraction methods used at laboratory and industrial level and chemical analysis |
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Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Ranjha |
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37 | (1) |
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2.2 Extraction, isolation, and purification methods of essential oils at laboratory level |
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38 | (3) |
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2.3 Extraction, isolation, and purification methods used for essential oils at the industrial level |
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41 | (3) |
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2.4 Chemical transformation |
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44 | (5) |
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49 | (4) |
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49 | (4) |
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3 Importance of essential oils and current trends in use of essential oils (aroma therapy, agrofood, and medicinal usage) |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (3) |
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58 | (6) |
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64 | (5) |
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69 | (6) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (8) |
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78 | (7) |
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4 Lavender essential oil: Nutritional, compositional, and therapeutic insights |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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4.4 Extraction techniques |
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87 | (2) |
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4.5 Structural and nutritional characterization |
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89 | (1) |
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4.6 Chemistry and their properties |
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90 | (2) |
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4.7 Therapeutic potential |
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92 | (4) |
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96 | (1) |
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4.9 Safety, toxicity, and regulation |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (5) |
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99 | (4) |
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5 Peppermint essential oil |
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103 | (1) |
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5.2 Production and composition |
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104 | (3) |
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5.3 Extraction techniques |
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107 | (3) |
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5.4 Characterization of peppermint essential oil components |
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110 | (1) |
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5.5 Properties of peppermint essential oils |
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111 | (1) |
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5.6 Applications of peppermint essential oil |
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112 | (3) |
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5.7 Toxicity associated with usage of peppermint essential oil |
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115 | (1) |
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5.8 Conclusion and future perspective |
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116 | (5) |
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116 | (5) |
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6 Sandalwood essential oil |
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Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad |
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121 | (2) |
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6.2 Comparative account on sandalwood essential oil |
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123 | (5) |
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6.3 Methods of extraction of sandalwood essential oil |
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128 | (1) |
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6.4 Therapeutic benefits of sandalwood essential oil |
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129 | (2) |
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6.5 Production and composition of sandalwood essential oil |
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131 | (4) |
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6.6 Safety, toxicity, and regulation of sandalwood essential oil |
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135 | (2) |
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6.7 Trade and storage stability of sandalwood essential oil |
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137 | (3) |
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6.8 Current understanding and prospects |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (7) |
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141 | (6) |
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7 Jasmine essential oil: Production, extraction, characterization, and applications |
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147 | (2) |
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7.2 Production and composition |
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149 | (6) |
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7.3 Extraction techniques |
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155 | (5) |
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7.4 Characterization of jasmine essential oils using NMR spectroscopy |
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160 | (1) |
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7.5 Chemistry and properties |
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161 | (4) |
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7.6 Applications of jasmine essential oil: Pharmacological, agrofood, and nonfood applications |
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165 | (5) |
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7.7 Safety, toxicity, and regulations |
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170 | (1) |
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7.8 Trade, storage stability, and transport |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (7) |
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173 | (6) |
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8 Citrus essential oil (grapefruit, orange, lemon) |
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179 | (1) |
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8.2 Extraction and characterization of citrus essential oils (CEOs) |
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180 | (15) |
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8.3 Composition of citrus essential oils (CEOs) |
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195 | (3) |
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8.4 Applications of citrus essential oils |
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198 | (8) |
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8.5 Future concerns and perspectives |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (10) |
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207 | (10) |
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9 Eucalyptus essential oils |
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217 | (2) |
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9.2 Eucalyptus essential oil history |
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219 | (1) |
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9.3 Some important types of eucalyptus essential oil |
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219 | (1) |
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9.4 Production and composition |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (2) |
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9.6 Characterization and identification of essential oil components by techniques like NMR-13C |
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224 | (1) |
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9.7 Eucalyptus essential oil chemistry and properties |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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9.9 Functional applications of Eucalyptus essential oil |
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226 | (2) |
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9.10 Eucalyptus essential oils application in pharmacological, agro food, and nonfood products |
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228 | (2) |
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9.11 Eucalyptus essential oils use in agro-industry |
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230 | (1) |
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9.12 Eucalyptus essential oils as additives in active food packaging |
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230 | (1) |
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9.13 Eucalyptus oils use in the fragrance industry |
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231 | (1) |
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9.14 Safety, toxicity and regulation |
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232 | (2) |
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9.15 Trade, storage stability and transport of eucalyptus essential oil |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (5) |
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236 | (5) |
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10 Essential oils from Apiaceae family (parsley, lovage, and dill) |
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241 | (2) |
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10.2 Factors influencing essential oil production of parsley, dill, and lovage |
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243 | (17) |
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10.3 Extraction techniques of parsley, dill, and lovage essential oil |
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260 | (8) |
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10.4 Chemical profile of parsley, dill, and lovage essential oil |
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268 | (8) |
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10.5 Bioactivity of parsley, dill, and lovage essential oil |
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276 | (12) |
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10.6 Applications of parsley, dill, and lovage essential oil |
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288 | (6) |
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10.7 Safety and toxicity of parsley, dill, and lovage essential oil |
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294 | (4) |
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10.8 Trade and regulation of parsley, dill, and lovage essential oil |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (9) |
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302 | (7) |
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11 Essential oils from Lamiaceae family (rosemary, thyme, mint, basil) |
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Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad |
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11.1 Chemical composition of essential oils |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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11.3 Composition of basil, mint, rosemary, and thyme oil |
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310 | (3) |
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11.4 Extraction techniques |
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313 | (1) |
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11.5 Safety, toxicity, and regulation of basil, mint, rosemary, and thyme oil |
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314 | (2) |
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11.6 Storage stability of basil, mint, thyme, and rosemary oil |
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316 | (1) |
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11.7 Applications of essential oils of basil, mint, rosemary, and thyme |
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317 | (3) |
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320 | (5) |
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320 | (5) |
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325 | (1) |
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12.2 Botanical description |
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326 | (3) |
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12.3 Impurities and their removal from clove oil |
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329 | (1) |
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12.4 Oil extraction by enzymes |
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329 | (2) |
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12.5 Lipid oxidation in clove oil |
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331 | (1) |
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12.6 Fortification of foods with clove oil |
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331 | (2) |
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12.7 Future applications of clove oil |
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333 | (6) |
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12.8 Summary of some clinical trials of polyunsaturated fatty acids |
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339 | (6) |
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340 | (5) |
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13 Ginger essential oil: Chemical composition, extraction, characterization, pharmacological activities, and applications |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (2) |
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13.3 Chemical composition and yield of GEO |
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348 | (4) |
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13.4 Extraction methods of GEO |
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352 | (6) |
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13.5 Analytical method for characterization of GEO |
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358 | (3) |
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13.6 Pharmacological activities of GEO |
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361 | (6) |
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367 | (1) |
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13.8 Safety, toxicity, and regulation |
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368 | (1) |
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13.9 Trade, storage stability and transport |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (8) |
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370 | (7) |
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14 Cinnamon essential oil |
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Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai |
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Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad |
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377 | (1) |
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14.2 Production and composition of cinnamon EO |
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378 | (5) |
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14.3 Characterization of cinnamon essential oil |
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383 | (1) |
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14.4 Health benefits of cinnamon essential oil |
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383 | (3) |
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14.5 Application of cinnamon essential oil in food and nonfood industries |
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386 | (1) |
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387 | (4) |
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387 | (4) |
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391 | (10) |
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Ioannis Konstantinos Karabagias |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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15.3 Essential oil production |
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392 | (1) |
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15.4 Composition of nutmeg |
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393 | (1) |
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15.5 Extraction of nutmeg essential oil |
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393 | (1) |
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15.6 Uses and applications |
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394 | (3) |
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15.7 Safety, toxicity, and regulation of nutmeg essential oil |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (4) |
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398 | (3) |
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16 Rosewood essential oil |
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401 | (1) |
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16.2 Production of rosewood essential oil |
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402 | (1) |
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16.3 Composition of rosewood oil |
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402 | (1) |
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16.4 Extraction of rosewood oil |
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403 | (3) |
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16.5 Chemical characterization |
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406 | (1) |
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16.6 Characteristics of rosewood |
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407 | (1) |
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16.7 Applications of rosewood essential oil |
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407 | (2) |
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16.8 Safety and toxicity of rosewood essential oils |
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409 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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16.10 Trade of rosewood oil |
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410 | (1) |
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410 | (5) |
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411 | (4) |
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17 Juniper essential oil: An overview of bioactive compounds and functional aspects |
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415 | (4) |
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17.2 Production and composition |
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419 | (1) |
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17.3 Extraction techniques (distillation) |
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419 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (6) |
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426 | (3) |
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426 | (3) |
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18 Patchouli essential oil |
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429 | (1) |
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18.2 Production and composition |
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430 | (2) |
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18.3 Extraction techniques |
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432 | (2) |
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434 | (3) |
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18.5 Chemistry and properties |
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437 | (7) |
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444 | (5) |
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18.7 Safety, toxicity, and regulation |
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449 | (1) |
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18.8 Trade, storage stability, and transport |
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450 | (1) |
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451 | (8) |
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451 | (8) |
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19 Clary sage essential oil |
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459 | (1) |
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19.2 Clary sage oil production and chemical composition |
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460 | (3) |
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19.3 Extraction techniques (distillation) |
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463 | (3) |
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19.4 Characterization of essential oil components |
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466 | (1) |
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19.5 Chemistry and properties |
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467 | (1) |
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467 | (6) |
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19.7 Safety, toxicity and regulation |
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473 | (1) |
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19.8 Trade, storage, stability, and transport |
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474 | (1) |
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474 | (5) |
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474 | (5) |
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20 Tea tree essential oil |
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479 | (1) |
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20.2 Phytochemistry of tea tree EO |
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480 | (5) |
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20.3 Extraction of tea tree EO |
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485 | (4) |
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20.4 Applications of tea tree essential oils |
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489 | (6) |
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495 | (1) |
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496 | (5) |
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497 | (4) |
Index |
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