E-raamat: Essential Oncology of the Lymphocyte

1 Cancer Biology.- Development of Cancers from Single Cells.- Diversity
of Tumour Cells.- Differentiation of Malignant Cells.- 2 Derangement of the
Genome as a Cause of Cancer.- The Chromosomes.- Chromosomal Abnormalities in
Cancer.- Susceptibility to Chromosome Damage and Cancer.- Constitutional
Cytogenetic Abnormalities.- Fragile Sites.- 3 Derangements of the Mechanisms
Controlling Growth.- Cell Cycle.- Signal Transduction.- Immortalisation and
Transformation.- Mechanisms Leading to Autonomous Growth.- Differentiation
Arrest.- 4 Multiple Steps in the Genesis of a Cancer.- Initiation.-
Promotion.- Progression.- Conclusions.- 5 Multifactorial Aetiology of
Cancers.- Population and Familial Factors.- Carcinogens.- Radiation.-
Viruses.- Viruses in the Causation of Animal Cancers.- Viruses in the
Causation of Human Cancers.- Immunodepression and Immunosuppression.-
Prolonged Antigenic Stimulation.- 6 Oncogenes.- Translation Products of
Oncogenes.- Oncogene Products with Protein Kinase Activity.- GTP-binding
Oncogene Products.- Oncogenes Whose Products Bind to DNA.- Oncogene Product
with Growth Factor Activity.- Oncogenes Encoding Receptors for Growth
Factors.- Oncogenes Whose Products have Undefined Function.- Some Important
Non-human Oncogenes.- Aberrations of Oncogenes in Cancer.- Proteins
Homologous to Oncogene Products.- Transgenic Mice.- Oncogenes in Human
Tumours.- Multiple Oncogene Expression.- Conclusions.- 7 Growth Factors.-
Mechanisms of Action of Growth Factors.- Growth Factors in Malignant
Transformation.- Growth Factors for Haematopoietic Cells.- Chalones and Other
Antiproliferative Factors.- Conclusions.- 8 The Lymphoid Tissues.- Origin of
Lymphocytes.- T Lymphocytes.- B Lymphocytes.- NK, ADCC and
Lymphokine-activated Killer Cells.- Accessory Cells.- Activation of
Macrophages.- Lymphoid Organs and Immunological Function.- Lymphocyte
Circulation.- Organisation of Immunological Function.- 9 The Major
Histocompatibility Complex.- Tissue Distribution of MHC Products.- MHC Gene
Products and Their Specificities.- Immunoregulatory Function of the MHC.-
Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction.- Graft Versus Host Reaction.- Association of
Diseases with MHC Phenotype.- Conclusions.- 10 T Cell Differentiation.- The
Thymus.- T Lymphocytes in Bone Marrow.- T Cells in Lymph Nodes.- T Cell
Subsets.- T Cell Receptor.- Genetic Mechanisms in T Cell Differentiation.- T
Cell Activation.- Signal Transduction in T Cell Activation.- 11 B Cell
Differentiation.- Antigen-independent B Cell Differentiation.- B Lymphocyte
Differentiation in Postnatal Life.- Antigen-dependent B Cell
Differentiation.- B Cell Subsets.- Immunoglobulin.- Genetic Mechanisms in B
Cell Differentiation.- 12 B Cell Activation.- T Cells in B Cell Activation.-
Accessory Cells in B Cell Activation.- B Cell Activation by Cross-linking
Immunoglobulin.- Soluble Factors in B Cell Activation.- Cellular Events in B
Lymphocyte Activation.- Conclusions.- 13 Immunoregulatory Mechanisms.-
Systems Controlling Immunological Function.- Suppressor Mechanisms.-
Idiotypes.- Immunological Tolerance.- Regulatory Mechanisms in B Cell
Malignancies.- 14 Technology of Investigation and Diagnosis.- Hybridoma
Technology and Monoclonal Antibodies.- Gene Cloning.- Gene Probing.-
Immunodiagnostic Methods.- Immunological Methods.- Immunohistochemical
Methods.- Histochemical Stains.- Flow Cytometry.- Ultrastructural Analysis.-
Conclusions.- 15 B Cell Neoplasia.- Immunological Abnormalities in Lymphoid
Malignancies.- Chromosomal Abnormalities in B Cell Malignancies.- Oncogene
Activation in B Cell Neoplasia.- Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangements.- 16 B
Cell Leukaemias.- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia.- B-Chronic Lymphocytic
Leukaemia.- B Cell Prolymphocytic Leukaemia.- Hairy Cell Leukaemia.- Chronic
Cold Agglutinin Disease.- Lymphoplasmacytoid Lymphoma.- Plasma Cell
Dyscrasias.- 17 B Cell Lymphomas.- B Cell Lymphomas of the Deep Cortex.- B
Cell Lymphomas of the Superficial Cortex.- B Cell Lymphomas of the Medulla:
Plasmacytoma.- Undifferentiated B Cell Lymphomas.- Extranodal B Cell
Lymphomas.- Hodgkins Disease.- 18 T Cell Neoplasia.- Chromosomal
Abnormalities in T Cell Malignancies.- Gene Rearrangements in T Cell
Malignancies.- 19 T Cell Leukaemias and Lymphomas.- T Cell Neoplasms of the
Bone Marrow Compartment.- T Cell Neoplasms of the Thymic Compartment.- T Cell
Neoplasms of the Peripheral Compartment.- 20 Treatment, Treatment Failure and
Future Possibilities.- Treatment Failure Exemplified by Lymphocytic
Leukaemia.- Immunotherapy.- Cytokines and Other Biological Agents.- New Drugs
and Other Treatments.- Conclusions.