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E-raamat: Essential Ornithology

4.14/5 (30 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)
(Director, Teaching Excellence Academy, University of Hull, UK)
  • Formaat: 192 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Sep-2020
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192526953
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Essential OrnithologySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 192 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Sep-2020
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192526953
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Essential Ornithology provides the reader with a concise but comprehensive introduction to the biology of birds, one of the most widely studied taxonomic groups. The book begins by considering the dinosaur origins of birds and their subsequent evolution. Development, anatomy, and physiology are then discussed followed by chapters devoted to avian reproduction, migration, ecology, and conservation. Sections dealing with aspects of bird/human relationships and bird conservation give the book an applied context.

This new edition has been thoroughly updated, providing new information from rapidly-developing fields including the avian fossil record, urban and agricultural ecology, responses to climate change, invasive species biology, technologies to track movement, avian disease, and the role of citizen scientists. There is also a greater focus on North American ornithology. Drawing extensively upon the wider scientific literature, this engaging text places the results of classical studies of avian biology alongside the most recent scientific breakthroughs. Useful case studies are presented in a concise and engaging style with the student reader foremost in mind. Key points are highlighted and suggestions for guided reading and key references are included throughout.

Essential Ornithology is a companion textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in avian science, as well as a useful reference for professional researchers and consultants. Amateur ornithologists will also find this book offers a scientifically rigorous and accessible overview for a more general readership.

Arvustused

This book is admirably direct and direct in conveying its points. While it uses the words and phrases of academic biology, its careful and caring tone makes it consistently readable. A textbook that students can read is an obvious virtue. A textbook that students can afford is another virtue, and this book is much less expensive than many textbooks. * Peter A. Bednekoff, ISBE Newsletter *

1 Evolution of birds 1(20)
1.1 Birds are dinosaurs
1(2)
1.2 Archaeopteryx
3(3)
1.3 The evolution of modern birds
6(1)
1.4 The phylogeny of birds
7(3)
1.4.1 Morphological phylogeny
7(1)
1.4.2 Character conservation and convergence
7(1)
1.4.3 Biomolecular phylogeny
8(2)
1.5 Adaptive radiation and speciation
10(7)
1.5.1 Darwin's finches
10(3)
1.5.2 Genes and evolution
13(1)
1.5.3 Hybrids
13(4)
Summary
17(1)
Appendix 1 Familiar names of the members of the Orders and Families of modern birds
17(4)
2 Feathers and flight 21(27)
2.1 Feathers
21(3)
2.1.1 Feather types
21(1)
2.1.2 Contour feathers
22(1)
2.1.3 Down feathers and semiplumes
22(2)
2.2 Feather tracts
24(2)
2.3 Feather colour
26(1)
2.4 Feather damage
26(2)
2.5 Feather maintenance
28(1)
2.6 Moult
28(5)
2.6.1 Moult strategies
30(3)
2.7 Flight
33(12)
2.7.1 Gliding and soaring
34(2)
2.7.2 Flapping flight
36(2)
2.7.3 Respiration and flight energetics
38(1)
2.7.4 Flying high
39(2)
2.7.5 Flight speeds
41(4)
2.8 The evolution of flight and flightlessness
45(2)
Summary
47(1)
3 Movement: migration and navigation 48(25)
3.1 The ecology of migration
51(1)
3.2 Genes and migration
52(5)
3.3 Physiology and migration
57(6)
3.3.1 Seasonality and coordination of migration
57(1)
3.3.2 Hormones and the control of migration
58(1)
3.3.3 Fuelling migration
59(3)
3.3.4 Long haul flights
62(1)
3.4 The weather and migration
63(2)
3.5 Navigation
65(7)
3.5.1 Navigational cues
68(4)
Summary
72(1)
4 Eggs, nests, and chicks 73(21)
4.1 Sex and the gonads of birds
73(2)
4.2 The egg
75(2)
4.3 Clutch size
77(4)
4.4 Egg shell colouration and patterning
81(4)
4.4.1 Camouflage
81(1)
4.4.2 Egg mimicry
82(1)
4.4.3 Egg recognition
82(2)
4.4.4 Signals of quality
84(1)
4.4.5 Pigments and shell quality
84(1)
4.5 Nests
85(2)
4.6 Incubation
87(4)
4.7 Hatching
91(1)
4.8 Chicks
91(2)
Summary
93(1)
5 Reproduction 94(26)
5.1 Males and females are different
94(3)
5.2 Mating systems
97(2)
5.3 Courtship and mate choice
99(6)
5.3.1 Resource provision
99(2)
5.3.2 Ornaments and displays
101(1)
5.3.3 Sharing a mate
101(4)
5.4 Song
105(8)
5.4.1 Song learning
106(1)
5.4.2 Functions of song
107(3)
5.4.3 Synchronized singing
110(3)
5.5 Raising a family
113(6)
5.5.1 Begging
113(5)
5.5.2 Imprinting and independence
118(1)
Summary
119(1)
6 Foraging and avoiding predators 120(20)
6.1 Finding food and capturing prey
120(5)
6.1.1 Sharing information
122(1)
6.1.2 Foraging flocks
123(2)
6.1.3 Do herbivores cooperate?
125(1)
6.2 Optimal foraging
125(5)
6.2.1 Feeding territories
126(4)
6.3 Risk and foraging
130(1)
6.4 Predator avoidance
131(8)
6.4.1 Camouflage
131(1)
6.4.2 Predator distraction displays
132(1)
6.4.3 Tonic immobility
133(1)
6.4.4 Alarm calls
134(2)
6.4.5 Mobbing
136(1)
6.4.6 Flocks and colonies
136(3)
Summary
139(1)
7 Populations, communities, and conservation 140(15)
7.1 Populations
140(4)
7.1.1 Life history strategies influence population growth
140(2)
7.1.2 Population change
142(2)
7.2 Communities
144(6)
7.2.1 Communities are dynamic
145(2)
7.2.2 Niche divergence
147(1)
7.2.3 Niche shifts, ecological release, and competition
148(2)
7.3 Extinction and conservation
150(4)
7.3.1 Conservation can be a success
151(2)
7.3.2 The task that faces us as ornithologists
153(1)
Summary
154(1)
Index 155
Graham Scott is Director of the Teaching Excellence Academy at the University of Hull, UK. He was previously Interim Dean in the Faculty of Science and Engineering, and Head of the Department of Biological Sciences. He has a PhD in Ornithology from Edinburgh University, UK and is the editor of Ringing and Migration, a journal of the British Trust for Ornithology. He is an active and enthusiastic birder and bird ringer/bander.
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