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E-raamat: Essential Programming for Linguistics

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A gentle introduction to programming for students and researchers interested in conducting computer-based analysis in linguistics, this book is an ideal starting point for linguists approaching programming for the first time. Assuming no background knowledge of programming, the author introduces basic notions and techniques needed for linguistics programming and helps readers to develop their understanding of electronic texts. The book includes many examples based on diverse topics in linguistics in order to demonstrate the applicability of the concepts at the heart of programming. Practical examples are designed to help the reader to: *Identify basic issues in handling language data, including Unicode processing *Conduct simple analyses in morphology/morphosyntax, and phonotactics *Understanding techniques for matching linguistic patterns *Learn to convert data into formats and data structures suitable for linguistic analysis *Create frequency lists from corpus materials to gather basic descriptive statistics on texts *Understand, obtain and 'clean up' web-based data *Design graphical user interfaces for writing more efficient and easy-to-use analysis tools. Two different types of exercise help readers to either learn to interpret and understand illustrative sample code, or to develop algorithmic thinking and solution strategies through turning a series of instructions into sample programs. Readers will be equipped with the necessary tools for designing their own extended projects. Key Features: *Ideal introduction for students of linguistics attempting to process corpus materials or literary texts for dissertations, theses or advanced research work *Linguistic examples throughout the text clearly demonstrate the application of programming theory and techniques *Coverage ranging from basic to more complex topics and methodologies enables the reader to progress at their own pace *Two chapters on the advantages of modularity and associated issues provide a basis for more advanced projects *A final main chapter introduces graphical user interfaces, providing a basis for user-friendly programs and multi-lingual analysis.
List of Figures
viii
List of Tables
ix
Acknowledgements x
Introduction
1(13)
Why Use Perl?
4(2)
The Command Prompt/Console
6(2)
How to Navigate a File System
8(3)
Understanding File System Hierarchies
8(1)
Navigating Through File Systems
9(2)
Plain Text Editors
11(1)
Installing Perl and Perl/Tk on Your Computer
12(2)
Installing Perl
12(1)
Installing the Perl/Tk Toolkit
12(2)
Basic Programming Concepts - 1
14(16)
How to Issue Instructions (Statements)
14(2)
How to Store Data in Memory (Variables)
16(1)
What to Store and How (Basic Data Types)
17(10)
Scalars
18(2)
Arrays
20(4)
Hashes
24(3)
Understanding About Defaults (Special Variables)
27(1)
Making Your Code More Intelligible (Comments)
28(2)
Basic Programming Concepts - 2
30(18)
Making Decisions (Flow Control)
30(4)
Doing Repetitive Tasks Automatically (Basic for Loops)
34(8)
The for Loop
34(3)
Iterating Over Array Elements
37(1)
The Foreach Loop
38(4)
More Repetitiveness (Further Loops)
42(6)
The while Loop
42(2)
The until Loop
44(1)
Controlling Loops Further
44(4)
Working with Text (Basic String Handling)
48(8)
Chomping and Chopping
48(2)
Extracting a Substring from a Longer String
50(2)
`Adding' Strings Together
52(1)
Establishing the Length of a String
53(1)
Handling Case
54(2)
Working with Stored Data (Basic File Handling)
56(13)
Opening a Filehandle
56(2)
Tweaking Your Input and/or Output Options
58(1)
Reading from a Filehandle
58(3)
File Processing in List Context
59(1)
File Processing in Line Context
60(1)
Slurping in Scalar Context
61(1)
Default Filehandles
61(1)
Writing to a Filehandle
62(1)
Working with Directories
62(7)
Identifying Textual Patterns (Basic and Extended Regular Expressions)
69(11)
Matching
69(1)
Character Classes
70(3)
Quantification
73(2)
Grouping, Alternation and Anchoring
75(1)
Memorising
76(1)
Modifiers
77(1)
Extended Regular Expressions
77(3)
Modifying Textual Patterns (Substitution and Transliteration)
80(11)
Substitution
80(4)
Greediness
84(1)
A Very Brief Introduction to Markup Languages (SGML, HTML and XML)
85(3)
Transliteration
88(3)
Getting Things Into the Right Order (Basic Sorting)
91(4)
Keys and Sort Order
92(1)
`Vocabulary Handling' (Creating Simple Word Lists)
93(2)
Elementary Texts Stats (Creating Basic Frequency Lists)
95(4)
Complex Sorting
95(1)
Word Frequency Lists
96(1)
Implementing a List
96(1)
Sorting and Printing the List
97(2)
More Repetitiveness or How to Tie Things Together (Introducing Modularity)
99(16)
Functions and Subroutines
99(5)
Creating Your Own Subroutines
100(1)
Calling a Subroutine
101(1)
Localising Variables and Being Strict With Yourself
102(2)
References and Modules
104(11)
Basic Named Referencese
104(2)
Anonymous References
106(2)
What Do Modules Look Like?
108(1)
Importing and Using Modules
109(1)
Writing a Simplistic HTML Page Downloader and Parser
110(5)
Objects
115(6)
OO Concepts
115(1)
Creating an Object in Perl
116(1)
Creating a Regular Verb Object
116(2)
Instantiating the Verb Object
118(1)
Creating Appropriate Accessor Methods
119(2)
Getting Graphical (Simple User Interfaces)
121(16)
Elements of a GUI
121(1)
Basic Steps in Creating Tk Programs
122(1)
Adding Widgets
123(6)
The GUI Concordancer - An Advanced Example
129(8)
Adding a Menu Bar and the Remaining GUI Elements
130(2)
Programming the Functionality
132(2)
Handling the Text Widget
134(3)
Conclusion
137(2)
Appendix A - Sample Solutions 139(28)
Appendix B - How to Get Further Help on Perl 167(2)
References 169(2)
Index 171
Martin Weisser is Associate Professor in English Language and Linguistics at the City University of Hong Kong