Preface |
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Notation |
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1 | (22) |
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1.1 Units and Water Properties |
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1 | (5) |
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1.1.1 Dimensions and Units |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Properties of Water |
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1 | (4) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (5) |
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1.2.1 Atmospheric Pressure |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Hydrostatic Pressure |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Relative and Absolute Pressure |
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7 | (1) |
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1.2.4 Hydraulic Grade Line |
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8 | (1) |
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1.2.5 Absolute Vapor Pressure |
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9 | (1) |
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1.2.6 Relative Vapor Pressure |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (3) |
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1.3.1 Area Moment of Inertia |
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11 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Force Magnitude on a Plate |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (9) |
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1.4.1 Dam Stability Concepts |
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14 | (3) |
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17 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Rock and Earth-Fill Dams |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (24) |
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2.1 Friction Losses in Pipes |
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23 | (4) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Friction Losses in a Pipe |
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25 | (2) |
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2.2 Minor Losses in Pipes |
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27 | (6) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Minor Losses and Equivalent Length |
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29 | (3) |
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2.2.4 Negative Pressure and Cavitation |
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32 | (1) |
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2.3 Pipe Branches and Networks |
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33 | (14) |
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2.3.1 Continuity or Conservation of Mass |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (2) |
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2.3.4 Hazen-Williams Approach |
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39 | (1) |
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2.3.5 High-Pressure Valves |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (4) |
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47 | (18) |
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3.1 Hydrodynamic Force on a Plate |
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47 | (4) |
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3.1.1 Hydrodynamic Force on a Stationary Plate |
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48 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Force and Power on a Moving Plate |
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49 | (2) |
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3.2 Hydrodynamic Force on a Pipe Bend |
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51 | (3) |
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54 | (11) |
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54 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Flow Nozzles and Orifices |
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56 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Pressure Gauges and Other Flow Meters |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (3) |
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65 | (21) |
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65 | (7) |
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4.1.1 Pump Head and Power |
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65 | (2) |
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4.1.2 Specific Speed of Pumps |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (5) |
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72 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Pump Performance Curves |
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72 | (2) |
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4.2.3 System Curve and Operating Point |
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74 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Pump System Optimization and Design |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (9) |
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77 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Net Positive Suction Head |
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78 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Pumps in Series and in Parallel |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (4) |
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86 | (23) |
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86 | (3) |
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5.1.1 Hydropower Production |
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86 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Minimizing Hydraulic Losses |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (15) |
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5.2.1 Turbine Classification |
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89 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Pelton Wheels or Impulse Turbines |
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91 | (4) |
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95 | (5) |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (5) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (18) |
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6.1 Water Compressibility |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (4) |
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6.2.1 Celerity in an Infinitely Rigid Pipe |
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110 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Celerity in Elastic Pipes |
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111 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Wave Celerity Reduction with Air |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (7) |
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6.3.1 Sudden Valve Closure |
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114 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Gradual Valve Closure |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (2) |
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6.3.4 Emptying Large Tanks |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (6) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (14) |
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7.1 Oscillations without Friction |
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127 | (3) |
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7.1.1 Spring-Mass Oscillations |
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127 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Flow Oscillations without Friction |
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128 | (2) |
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7.2 Oscillations for Laminar Flow |
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130 | (4) |
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7.2.1 Damped Spring-Mass Oscillations |
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130 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Damped Flow Oscillations in Capillary Tubes |
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132 | (2) |
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7.3 Oscillations for Turbulent Flow |
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134 | (3) |
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7.4 Oscillations between Reservoirs |
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137 | (4) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (15) |
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8.1 Open-Channel Geometry |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (7) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (5) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (24) |
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9.1 Energy in Open Channels |
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156 | (7) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (3) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (7) |
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9.2.1 Centroid Position for Open-Channel Flow |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (3) |
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170 | (10) |
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9.3.1 Small-Wave Propagation |
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170 | (2) |
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9.3.2 Upstream and Downstream Control |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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9.3.4 Standing Waves in Supercritical Flows |
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173 | (2) |
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9.3.5 Nonhydrostatic Flows in Curved Channels |
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175 | (2) |
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9.3.6 Conservation of Momentum or Energy? |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (23) |
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10.1 Gradually Varied Flow Equation |
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180 | (2) |
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10.1.1 Gradually Varied Flow |
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180 | (1) |
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10.1.2 Wide Rectangular Channels |
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181 | (1) |
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10.2 Gradually Varied Flow Profiles |
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182 | (5) |
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10.2.1 Classification of Gradually Varied Flows |
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182 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Control Points and Hydraulic Jumps |
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183 | (2) |
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10.2.3 Sketching Water-Surface Profiles |
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185 | (2) |
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10.3 Gradually Varied Flow Calculations |
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187 | (7) |
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10.3.1 Standard-Step Method |
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187 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Direct-Step Method |
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188 | (6) |
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194 | (2) |
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196 | (7) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (4) |
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203 | (13) |
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203 | (5) |
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11.1.1 Continuity for Unsteady Flow |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (2) |
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11.2 Floodwave Propagation |
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208 | (8) |
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11.2.1 Analytical Solution for Floodwave Propagation |
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208 | (2) |
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11.2.2 Numerical Solution for Floodwave Propagation |
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210 | (3) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (15) |
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12.1 Culvert Characteristics |
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216 | (1) |
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12.2 Culvert Performance Curves |
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217 | (7) |
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12.2.1 Barrel Control [ H < D) |
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218 | (1) |
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12.2.2 Inlet Control [ H > D) |
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219 | (2) |
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12.2.3 Outlet Control [ H > D) |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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12.3 Culvert Outlet Works |
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224 | (7) |
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12.3.1 Downstream Erosion Control |
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224 | (1) |
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12.3.2 Trenches and Pipe-Bearing Capacity |
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225 | (3) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (20) |
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231 | (10) |
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13.1.1 Morning Glory Spillways |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (3) |
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13.1.3 Ogee Spillways with Control Gates |
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234 | (1) |
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13.1.4 Flip-Bucket Spillways with Plunge Pools |
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235 | (1) |
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13.1.5 Energy Dissipation through Stilling Basins |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (10) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (3) |
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251 | (26) |
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14.1 Hydrologic Processes |
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251 | (5) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (3) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (11) |
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14.2.1 Time to Equilibrium |
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256 | (2) |
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14.2.2 Rational Method for Small Watersheds |
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258 | (2) |
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14.2.3 Dynamic Watershed Modeling |
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260 | (4) |
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14.2.4 Flood Frequency Analysis |
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264 | (3) |
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267 | (10) |
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267 | (1) |
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14.3.2 Extreme Precipitation |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (4) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (3) |
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277 | (18) |
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277 | (7) |
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15.1.1 Soil Granulometry and Mineralogy |
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277 | (5) |
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15.1.2 Properties of Wet Soils |
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282 | (2) |
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284 | (11) |
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284 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Effective Stress and Quick Condition |
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285 | (1) |
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15.2.3 Static Liquefaction |
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286 | (2) |
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15.2.4 Consolidation and Subsidence |
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288 | (3) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (3) |
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295 | (22) |
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295 | (3) |
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16.2 Steady Groundwater Flow |
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298 | (8) |
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16.2.1 Steady Flow in Aquifers |
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299 | (1) |
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16.2.2 Seepage through Shallow Embankments |
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300 | (1) |
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16.2.3 Two-Dimensional Groundwater Flow |
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301 | (1) |
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16.2.4 Flow Nets for Deep Foundations |
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302 | (2) |
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16.2.5 Flow Nets for Shallow Foundations |
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304 | (2) |
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16.3 Unsteady Groundwater Flow |
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306 | (11) |
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16.3.1 Unsteady Flow in Stratified Floodplains |
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306 | (1) |
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16.3.2 Unsteady Flow in Pumping Wells |
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307 | (2) |
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16.3.3 Unsteady Flow from Tidal Fluctuations |
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309 | (3) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (4) |
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317 | (2) |
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B Society and Sustainability |
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319 | (4) |
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C Professional Engineering Obligations |
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323 | (3) |
References |
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326 | (10) |
Index |
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