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E-raamat: Essentials of Pharmacoeconomics

  • Formaat: 310 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Nov-2013
  • Kirjastus: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781469841861
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  • Formaat: 310 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Nov-2013
  • Kirjastus: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781469841861
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This text provides a straightforward explanation of the essential pharmacoeconomics topics outlined by The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE). It defines terminology used in research and covers the application of economic-based evaluation methods to pharmaceutical products and services, making it perfect for the student or practitioner who is unfamiliar with "pharmacoeconomics." Readers will find examples of how pharmacoeconomic evaluations relate to decisions that affect patient care and health-related quality of life. Understanding these principles will help you assess published research aimed at improving clinical and humanistic outcomes based on available resources. Youll Find These Helpful Features Inside · Composite research articles that include the positives and negatives found in published research which will help you learn to evaluate literature and to interpret and determine the usefulness of pharmacoeconomic research articles. · Composite worksheets increase your comprehension of just-read articles. · Examples provide and reinforce relevant illustrations of chapter content. · Questions/Exercises at the end of each chapter assess your understanding of the key concepts. · Common Equations that are critical to the subject are presented, with multiple example calculations that clearly demonstrate the use of these equations. Bonus Features via thePoint include: · Immediate access to an image bank of figures and tables from the text · Sample worksheets for critiquing research articles.
Part I Basic Topics
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(9)
Pharmacoeconomics-What Is It?
1(1)
Why Is Pharmacoeconomics Important?
2(1)
Relationship of Pharmacoeconomics to Other Research
3(1)
Types of Pharmacoeconomic Studies
4(4)
Summary
8(1)
Questions/Exercises
8(1)
References
8(1)
Suggested Readings
9(1)
Chapter 2 Measuring and Estimating Costs
10(16)
Costing Terms
10(1)
Cost Categorization
11(2)
Alternative Method of Categorization
13(1)
Perspective
13(1)
Timing Adjustments for Costs
14(4)
Resources for Cost Estimations
18(3)
Summary
21(3)
Questions/Exercises
24(1)
References
24(1)
Suggested Readings
25(1)
Chapter 3 Critiquing Research Articles
26(9)
Appropriateness of Methods of Analysis
26(1)
Questions to Use When Critiquing Research Articles
26(6)
Summary
32(1)
Questions/Exercises
32(1)
References
33(1)
Suggested Readings
34(1)
Chapter 4 Cost-Minimization Analysis
35(10)
Overview
35(1)
Summary
36(6)
Composite Article: CMA-Anti-nausea
37(5)
Questions/Exercises
42(2)
References
44(1)
Suggested Readings
44(1)
Chapter 5 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis A
A5
Overview
45(1)
Presentation of Costs and Effectiveness
46(1)
Cost-Effectiveness Grid
47(2)
Cost-Effectiveness Plane
49(1)
Intermediate Outcomes versus Primary Outcomes
50(3)
Efficacy versus Effectiveness
53(1)
Consensus and Debate
54(1)
Summary
55(15)
Composite Article 1: CEA-Asthma
55(8)
Composite Article 2: CEA-Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure
63(7)
Questions/Exercises
70(1)
References
71(1)
Suggested Readings
71(1)
Chapter 6 Cost-Utility Analysis
72(31)
Overview
72(1)
Steps in Calculating QALYs
73(7)
Trends in CUA Analyses
80(5)
Summary
85(14)
Composite Article 1: CUA-Oncology
85(7)
Composite Article 2: CUA-Immunosuppression
92(7)
Questions/Exercises
99(2)
References
101(1)
Suggested Readings
102(1)
Chapter 7 Cost-Benefit Analysis
103(28)
Definition and History
103(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cost-Benefit Analysis
104(1)
Conducting a CBA
105(1)
Difference between Costs and Benefits
106(1)
Measuring Indirect and Intangible Benefits
106(6)
Calculating Results of Costs and Benefits
112(2)
Summary
114(14)
Composite Article 1: CBA-Vaccination
117(6)
Composite Article 2: CBA-Alzheimer's Disease
123(5)
Questions/Exercises
128(1)
References
129(1)
Suggested Readings
130(1)
Chapter 8 Health-Related Quality of Life: Health Status Measures
131(38)
Definitions
132(1)
HRQoL Measures versus Utility Measures
132(4)
Domains of Health Status
136(2)
Assessing HRQoL Instruments
138(3)
Pharmacoeconomics and HRQoL Measures
141(1)
Preference-Based Classification Systems
141(2)
Patient-Reported Outcomes
143(1)
Summary
144(17)
Composite Article 1: HRQoL-Rheumatoid Arthritis
144(8)
Composite Article 2: HRQoL-Chronic Low Back Pain
152(9)
Questions/Exercises
161(4)
References
165(1)
Suggested Readings
166(3)
Part II Advanced Topics
Chapter 9 Decision Analysis
169(24)
What Is Decision Analysis?
169(1)
Steps in Decision Analysis
169(6)
Threshold Analysis
175(2)
Summary
177(14)
Composite Article 1: Decision Analysis-Migraine
178(7)
Composite Article 2: Decision Analysis-Erectile Dysfunction
185(6)
Questions/Exercises
191(1)
References
192(1)
Suggested Readings
192(1)
Chapter 10 Markov Modeling
193(32)
Overview
193(1)
Steps in Markov Modeling
193(7)
Disadvantages of Markov Modeling
200(1)
Advanced Issues
201(1)
Other Advanced Topics
202(1)
Summary
203(9)
Composite Article 1: Markov Modeling-Initiation of HIV Therapy
204(8)
Answers
212(8)
Composite Article 2: Markov Modeling-Phosphate Binders
213(7)
Answers
220(1)
Questions/Exercises
221(2)
References
223(1)
Suggested Readings
224(1)
Chapter 11 Retrospective Databases
225(21)
Overview of Retrospective Databases
225(1)
Randomized, Controlled Trials
225(1)
Observational Studies
226(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of RCTs
226(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Observational Studies
227(1)
Types of Retrospective Databases
228(2)
Insurance and Claims Records
230(1)
Critiquing Retrospective Database Studies
230(2)
Summary
232(12)
Composite Article 1: Retrospective Database-COPD
232(8)
Composite Article 2: Retrospective Database-Bisphosphonotes
240(4)
Questions/Exercises
244(1)
References
244(1)
Suggested Readings
245(1)
Chapter 12 Pharmacy Services
246(18)
What Are Pharmacy Services?
246(1)
History of Pharmacy Services
247(1)
Review of the Research
247(2)
Issues in Valuing Pharmacy Services
249(1)
Medicare Medication Therapy Management
250(2)
Summary
252(8)
Composite Article: Pharmacy Services
253(7)
Questions/Exercises
260(2)
References
262(1)
Suggested Readings
263(1)
Chapter 13 International Perspective
264(11)
Health Care Expenditures
264(2)
Comparability of Pharmacoeconomic Results between Countries
266(1)
History of Pharmacoeconomic Guideline Development
266(5)
Summary
271(1)
Questions/Exercises
271(2)
References
273(1)
Suggested Readings
274(1)
Chapter 14 Future Issues
275(8)
Application of Pharmacoeconomics in the United States
275(1)
Federal Agencies
275(1)
Private Health Care Plans
276(1)
Barriers to Pharmacoeconomics in the United States
277(1)
Other Future Issues
278(1)
Summary
279(1)
Questions/Exercises
280(1)
References
280(2)
Suggested Readings
282(1)
Glossary 283(6)
Index 289