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1 The EU ETS: The Pioneer---Main Purpose, Structure and Features |
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1 | (28) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 The Current EU ETS Legislative Framework |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 EU ETS Purpose and Scope |
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3 | (1) |
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1.4 The Actors of the EU ETS: The Duties of the Operators and of the Participating States and the Sanctions Against Non-compliant Operators |
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4 | (2) |
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1.5 Allocation Regime and Validity of the European Union Allowances |
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6 | (4) |
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1.5.1 General Rules for Allocation of EUAs |
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6 | (1) |
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1.5.2 The EU-Wide Cap for Stationary Installations and for Aircraft Operators |
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6 | (1) |
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1.5.3 The Allocation Rules for EUAs to Stationary Installations |
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7 | (1) |
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1.5.4 The Benchmarks and the Special Regime for Manufacturing and Risk of Carbon Leakage |
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8 | (2) |
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1.6 The New Entrants Reserve (NER) and the NER300 Programme |
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10 | (1) |
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1.7 Article 27 of the EU ETS Directive: The Exclusion of Small Installations |
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11 | (2) |
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1.8 The Auctioning Regime |
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13 | (3) |
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1.8.1 The Rules on Timing, Administration and Other Aspects of the Auctioning of GHG Emission Allowances According to EC Directive 2003/87 and EC Regulation 1031/2010 |
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13 | (2) |
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1.8.2 The Auction Revenues |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (5) |
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1.11 Incentives to Eco-Innovation and Technological Effectiveness |
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22 | (2) |
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1.12 Back-Loading and Proposals for Other Structural Reforms of the EU ETS |
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24 | (5) |
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26 | (3) |
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2 California, RGGI, Quebec: The Followers |
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29 | (42) |
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2.1 The California Cap and Trade Scheme |
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29 | (15) |
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29 | (1) |
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2.1.2 The California ETS: Main Scope, Purpose, Structure and Features |
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30 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Duties of the Covered Entities and Competences of the California Air Resource Board (CARB) Executive Officer |
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31 | (2) |
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2.1.4 Sanctions Against Non-compliant Entities |
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33 | (1) |
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2.1.5 The Allocation Regime of the California Allowances |
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33 | (5) |
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2.1.6 The California Instruments Tracking System (CITSS) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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2.1.8 Auction Revenues and Incentives to Environment-Friendly Technologies |
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39 | (2) |
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2.1.9 Compliance Cost Assessment |
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41 | (2) |
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2.1.10 Environmental Performance: Preliminary Evaluation |
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43 | (1) |
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2.2 The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) |
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44 | (17) |
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44 | (1) |
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2.2.2 The RGGI: Main Scope, Purpose, Structure and Features |
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45 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Duties of the Covered Operators and Competences of the Regulatory Agency |
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45 | (3) |
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2.2.4 Sanctions Against Non-compliant Operators |
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48 | (1) |
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2.2.5 The Allocation Regime of the RGGI Allowances |
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48 | (3) |
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2.2.6 The RGGI CO2 Allowance Tracking System (COATS) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (6) |
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2.2.8 Auction Revenues and Incentives to Environment-Friendly Technologies |
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57 | (1) |
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2.2.9 Compliance Cost Assessment |
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58 | (2) |
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2.2.10 Environmental Performance: Preliminary Evaluation |
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60 | (1) |
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2.3 The Quebec Cap and Trade System |
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61 | (10) |
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61 | (1) |
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2.3.2 The Quebec Cap and Trade: Main Scope, Purpose, Structure and Features |
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61 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Duties of the Covered Operators and Competences of the Ministry for the Environment of Quebec |
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62 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Sanctions Against Non-compliant Operators |
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63 | (1) |
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2.3.5 The Allocation Regime of the Quebec Allowances |
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64 | (2) |
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2.3.6 The Quebec Compliance Instrument Tracking System Service (CITSS) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (2) |
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3 Comparing the EU ETS with Its Followers |
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71 | (20) |
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71 | (1) |
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3.2 Evolution of the Emission Trading Schemes |
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72 | (1) |
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3.3 The EU ETS: Lessons Learnt |
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73 | (5) |
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3.4 The EU ETS, Eco-Innovation and Environmental Effectiveness: Early Experiences |
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78 | (2) |
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3.5 The Other ETSs: Differences and Similarities |
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80 | (5) |
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3.6 A Few Emerging Trends from the Comparative Analysis |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (4) |
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88 | (3) |
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4 Linking Emission Trading Schemes |
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91 | (18) |
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91 | (1) |
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4.2 Exploring Different Types of Linking |
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92 | (2) |
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4.3 The Proper Legal Framework for Linking |
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94 | (1) |
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4.4 Linking ETSs: Main Drivers, Pros and Cons |
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95 | (2) |
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4.5 Linking ETSs: Necessary and Optional Features |
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97 | (5) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (3) |
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4.6 Options for Linking: A Critical Assessment |
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102 | (5) |
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4.6.1 Option 1: A Global Single ETS |
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102 | (2) |
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4.6.2 Option 2: A Multilateral Agreement Among Regional/Domestic ETS Regimes |
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104 | (1) |
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4.6.3 Option 3: One or More Bilateral Agreements Between Regional/Domestic ETSs |
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105 | (2) |
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4.7 Beyond Linking? Risks and Opportunities of the ETS Financialisation |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
References |
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