| Acknowledgements |
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ix | |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Research question and aims |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4 A multi-dimensional approach to material studies |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (3) |
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2 THE ORIGINS OF MAIL ARMOUR |
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13 | (22) |
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13 | (6) |
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19 | (4) |
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23 | (3) |
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2.4 Tracing the earliest contexts |
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26 | (6) |
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32 | (1) |
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2.6 When, where and by whom |
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33 | (2) |
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3 Distribution And Archaeological Context |
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35 | (50) |
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3.1 Battlefields and accidental loss |
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35 | (5) |
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40 | (6) |
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46 | (4) |
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50 | (8) |
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3.5 Hybrid feathered armour |
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58 | (3) |
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3.6 Hybrid armour beyond the Roman Empire |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (3) |
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3.8 The Barbaricum and beyond |
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66 | (4) |
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3.9 Mail for men, women and children |
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70 | (8) |
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3.10 Social access to mail outside the Roman Empire |
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78 | (5) |
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3.11 Centuries of archaeological evidence |
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83 | (2) |
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4 The Iconography Of Early Mail Armour |
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85 | (48) |
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4.1 The iconographic evidence |
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85 | (2) |
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4.2 The 3rd century BC to the end of the Roman Republic |
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87 | (10) |
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4.3 Early Empire until the end of the 1st century AD |
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97 | (16) |
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113 | (11) |
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4.5 The 3rd to 5th century AD |
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124 | (7) |
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4.6 Development of mail armour design in iconography |
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131 | (2) |
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5 THE NAMING OF MAIL ARMOUR |
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133 | (10) |
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5.1 Classical literature on armour |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (5) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (2) |
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6 Decoration In Mail Garments |
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143 | (22) |
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143 | (2) |
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6.2 Copper alloy elements |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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6.4 Development and distribution |
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147 | (3) |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (3) |
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6.8 Decoration of hybrid armour |
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158 | (2) |
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6.9 Decoration of `miniature mail' |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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6.11 Colourful Roman army |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (18) |
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7.1 The advantages and disadvantages of flexible armour |
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165 | (3) |
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7.2 Himation, thoracomachus, subarmalis and Cimmerian tunic |
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168 | (4) |
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7.3 Textile and leather remains |
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172 | (4) |
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7.4 Medieval analogy, gladiators and pteruges |
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176 | (5) |
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7.5 Concealed by metal armour |
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181 | (2) |
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8 The Craft Of Making Mail Rings |
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183 | (28) |
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8.1 The mail maker's process |
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183 | (9) |
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8.2 The manufacture of metal wire |
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192 | (5) |
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8.3 The manufacture of solid rings |
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197 | (4) |
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8.4 Unravelling the use of butted rings |
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201 | (6) |
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207 | (2) |
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8.6 The mail making workshop |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (12) |
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211 | (4) |
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9.2 Six-in-one pattern from Tiefenau |
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215 | (2) |
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9.3 Pinched loop-in-loop pattern from Bertoldsheim |
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217 | (2) |
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9.4 Four-in-one pattern in hybrid armour |
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219 | (2) |
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9.5 Favourable characteristics |
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221 | (2) |
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10 The Construction Of Mail Garments |
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223 | (36) |
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10.1 Current knowledge based on late mail from Europe |
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224 | (4) |
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10.2 Presence of constructional techniques in early mail |
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228 | (2) |
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10.3 Construction of early mail by working in the flat |
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230 | (9) |
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10.4 Construction of textile clothing and mail |
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239 | (3) |
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10.5 Construction of the coat with shoulder guards |
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242 | (5) |
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10.6 Mail with shoulder guards and textile clothing |
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247 | (2) |
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10.7 The development of mail armour through the ages |
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249 | (8) |
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10.8 Construction in cultural context |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (54) |
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11.1 The relevance of the seemingly irrelevant |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (4) |
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11.3 Direction of the overlap and ring types |
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265 | (11) |
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11.4 Cross-section of riveted rings |
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276 | (9) |
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11.5 Rivet characteristics |
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285 | (6) |
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11.6 Shape of the overlap in riveted rings |
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291 | (11) |
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11.7 Cross-section of solid rings |
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302 | (5) |
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11.8 Ring characteristics typology |
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307 | (6) |
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313 | (8) |
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313 | (4) |
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317 | (1) |
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12.3 Methodological potential |
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317 | (4) |
| Bibliography |
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321 | (42) |
| Database |
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363 | (2) |
| Appendix 1 Catalogue of mail armour |
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365 | (118) |
| Appendix 2 Catalogue of hybrid armour |
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483 | (6) |
| Appendix 3 Catalogue of isolated finds of fasteners and fixtures |
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489 | (16) |
| Appendix 4 Finds excluded from the database |
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505 | |