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E-raamat: Everywhere Taksim: Sowing the Seeds for a New Turkey at Gezi

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In May 2013, a small group of protesters made camp in Istanbul’s Taksim Square, protesting the privatization of what had long been a vibrant public space. When the police responded to the demonstration with brutality, the protests exploded in size and force, quickly becoming a massive statement of opposition to the Turkish regime. This book assembles a collection of field research, data, theoretical analyses, and cross-country comparisons to show the significance of the protests both within Turkey and throughout the world.

Arvustused

"This volume, edited by Isabel David and Kumru Toktamis, is one of the first attempts to assess the mark Istanbuls Gezi Park protests in May and June 2013 have left on Turkeys political scene. The books most important contribution is its portrayal of the vibrancy of the Gezi Park protests and the possibilities of bottom-up citizen engagement." -- Lubica Polláková IN International Affairs

Acknowledgements xi
List of Acronyms
13(2)
Introduction Gezi in Retrospect 15(10)
Isabel David
Kumru F. Toktamis
Bibliography 25(4)
Section I Gezi Protests and Democratisation
1 Evoking and Invoking Nationhood as Contentious Democratisation
29(16)
Kumru F. Toktamis
2007 Nation-Evoking Demonstrations
34(3)
Gezi -- Summer 2013
37(3)
Conclusion
40(2)
Bibliography
42(3)
2 `Everyday I'm Capulling!'
45(14)
Global Flows and Local Frictions of Gezi
Jeremy F. Walton
Introduction: Gezi and Rumi's Elephant in the Dark
45(1)
The Politics of Public Space in Urban Turkey: Taksim Square, Proscenium of the Nation
46(4)
The Carnivalesque Citizenship of the Capulcu
50(2)
Gezi and the Discontents of Neoliberal Globalisation
52(2)
Conclusion: Gezi and the Decoupling of Liberalism and Democracy in Turkey
54(1)
Bibliography
55(4)
3 The Incentives and Actors of Protests in Turkey and Bosnia-Herzegovina in 2013
59(18)
Ana Devic
Marija Krstic
Introduction
59(1)
Turkish Case: Political Change and Gezi Park Protests
59(9)
The Common Denominator of the Protests in Turkey and Bosnia-Herzegovina
68(4)
Conclusion
72(1)
Bibliography
72(5)
Section II The Political Economy of Protests
4 AKP Rule in the Aftermath of the Gezi Protests
77(12)
From Expanded to Limited Hegemony?
Umut Bozkurt
Understanding the AKP's Hegemony
79(5)
Neoliberal Populism and the AKP Rule
79(2)
The Explosion of Social Assistance Programmes
81(2)
The Symbolic/Ideological Sources of the Party's Hegemony
83(1)
The AKP's Hegemony after the Gezi Protests
84(2)
Conclusion
86(1)
Bibliography
87(2)
5 Rebelling against Neoliberal Populist Regimes
89(16)
Baris Alp Ozden
Ahmet Bekmen
Neoliberal Populism, AKP and PT
90(7)
Depoliticising the Question of Poverty
92(2)
Deradicalising Labour
94(3)
Preliminary Reflections on the Protests
97(4)
Bibliography
101(4)
6 Enough is Enough
105(16)
What do the Gezi Protestors Want to Tell Us? A Political Economy Perspective
Ilke Civelekoglu
Re-thinking Neoliberalism in Turkey under AKP Rule
105(6)
Re-thinking the Gezi Park Protests: What did the Protestors Actually Protest?
111(5)
Conclusion
116(1)
Bibliography
117(4)
Section III Protesters and Repertoires of Protests
7 `We are more than Alliances between Groups'
121(16)
A Social Psychological Perspective on the Gezi Park Protesters and Negotiating Levels of Identity
Ozden Melis Ulug
Yasemin Gulsum Acar
Background to the Gezi Park Protests
121(1)
Social Psychological Perspectives on Collective Action
122(4)
Antecedents to Collective Action
124(1)
Creating a Group from the Crowd
124(2)
`We Are More than Alliances between Groups': An Identity-based Analysis of the Gezi Park Protest Activists
126(6)
Conclusion
132(2)
Bibliography
134(3)
8 Istanbul United
137(16)
Football Fans Entering the `Political Field'
Daghan Irak
Introduction
137(2)
Methodology
139(2)
The Political Context of Turkish Football
141(1)
The Hyper-Commodification of Turkish Football
142(2)
Politicisation of Football Fans in Turkey
144(2)
Fans' Reasons for Joining the Gezi Protests
146(1)
Discussion
147(3)
Bibliography
150(3)
9 Humour as Resistance?
153(32)
A Brief Analysis of the Gezi Park Protest Graffiti
Lerna K. Yanik
Background
153(1)
What is a Graffito? The Features of the Graffiti Collected around Gezi Park
154(2)
The Role and the Function of Graffiti and Humour: A Short Conceptual Overview
156(2)
The Graffiti in Gezi Park: Humour or Resistance, or Humour as Resistance?
158(1)
Delivering Messages through Humour
159(20)
Erdogan in Graffiti
160(4)
Counterstatement or Intertextual Graffiti
164(15)
Conclusion
179(3)
Bibliography
182(3)
10 Where did Gezi Come from?
185(16)
Exploring the Links between Youth Political Activism before and during the Gezi Protests
Pinar Gumus
Volkan Yilmaz
Introduction
185(1)
Social Movement Communities and Social Movement Spillover
186(1)
New Social Movements in Turkey
187(1)
Methodology
188(1)
Five Cross-cutting Themes
189(6)
Aversive Attitude towards Conventional Political Organisations
189(1)
Ability to Organise Horizontally and to Accommodate Individual Differences
190(1)
Ability to Work with Diverse Political Groups and Cooperate with Strangers
191(2)
Ability to Transfer Protest Skills
193(1)
The Gezi Protests as a Paradigm-Shifting Event with Respect to the Older Generation's Perception of the Relationship between Youth and Politics
194(1)
Conclusion
195(1)
Bibliography
196(5)
Section IV The Politics of Space and Identity at Gezi
11 `We May Be Lessees, but the Neighbourhood is Ours'
201(14)
Gezi Resistances and Spatial Claims
Ahu Karasulu
`Essentials Are Thus Cast Up': Space and Contention
203(3)
`(New Elements) Become Briefly Visible in Luminous Transparency': Spatial Claims
206(4)
`Events Belie Forecasts': Concluding Remarks
210(2)
Bibliography
212(3)
12 Negotiating Religion at the Gezi Park Protests
215(16)
Emrah Celik
Introduction
215(1)
The Objects of the Protests
216(2)
The Place of Religion in the Protests
218(4)
The Position of Religious People in the Protests
222(3)
Democratisation vs. Polarisation
225(2)
Conclusion
227(2)
Bibliography
229(2)
13 Gezi Park
231(20)
A Revindication of Public Space
Clara Rivas Alonso
Introduction
231(1)
The Turkish Institutional Approach to Intervention in the Urban Environment
232(7)
AKP's Neoliberal Project: Taming the Commons by Taming the City
233(1)
AKP's Reliance on the Construction Sector
234(2)
Commodification of Culture and Monopolization of Narratives: Branding the City
236(2)
Rewriting History
238(1)
Gezi: Mapping the Space Reclaimed and the Victory of the Commons
239(1)
Gezi Protests as a Reaction against AKP Policies
240(6)
The Value of Resistance in and for a Park: Creating New Senses of Belonging
240(2)
Responses to the Militarisation of Space: The Return of the Commons
242(4)
Conclusion
246(1)
Bibliography
247(4)
Section V Gezi in an International Context
14 Gezi Spirit in the Diaspora
251(16)
Diffusion of Turkish Politics to Europe
Bahar Baser
Diffusion of Gezi Spirit to the Transnational Space
252(8)
Creating `Gezi Parks' in Europe
260(4)
Conclusion
264(1)
Bibliography
265(2)
15 Turkey's EU Membership Process in the Aftermath of the Gezi Protests
267(16)
Beken Saatcloglu
Introduction
267(1)
The Normative Meaning of Gezi
268(1)
Implications for Turkey-EU Relations
269(10)
Postponing Negotiations on
Chapter 22
269(5)
Negotiations on
Chapter 22 and beyond
274(5)
Conclusion
279(1)
Bibliography
280(3)
List of Contributors 283(2)
Index 285
Isabel David is Assistant Professor at the School of Social and Political Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa (University of Lisbon). Her research focuses on Turkish politics, Turkey-EU relations and collective action. She is currently editing a publication on Post-Islamism in Turkey. Kumru F. Toktamis, PhD, is an Adjunct Associate Professor at the Department of Social Sciences and Cultural Studies of Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY. Her research focuses on State Formation, Nationalism, Ethnicity and Collective Action. In 2014, she published a book chapter on Tribes and Democratization/De-Democratization in Libya.