Disclaimer |
|
v | |
Foreword |
|
vii | |
Purpose of the Monograph |
|
xi | |
Authors and Contributors |
|
xv | |
Member of Advisory Committee and Panel |
|
xvii | |
Distinguished Professor Charlie Changli Xue, PhD |
|
xix | |
Professor Chuanjian Lu, MD |
|
xxi | |
Acknowledgements |
|
xxiii | |
List of Figures |
|
xxxix | |
List of Tables |
|
xli | |
1 Introduction to Vascular Dementia |
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1 | (26) |
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Definition of Vascular Dementia |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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Epidemiology of Dementia and Vascular Dementia |
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3 | (1) |
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Burden of Dementia and Vascular Dementia |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (4) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (6) |
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Pharmacological Interventions for Vascular Dementia |
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15 | (4) |
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Non-pharmacological Interventions for Vascular Dementia |
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19 | (1) |
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Limitations of Conventional Therapy |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (6) |
2 Vascular Dementia in Chinese Medicine |
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27 | (14) |
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27 | (1) |
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Aetiology and Pathogenesis |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (7) |
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Herbal Medicine Treatment Based on Syndrome Differentiation |
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29 | (1) |
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Deficiency of 'Sea of Marrow' (sui hai bu zu) |
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29 | (1) |
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Spleen and Kidney Dual Deficiency (pi shen liang xu) |
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30 | (1) |
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Deficiency of Qi and Blood (qi xue kui xu) |
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31 | (1) |
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Turbid Phlegm Obstructing the Orifices (tan zhuo meng qiao) |
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32 | (1) |
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Blood Stasis Obstructing the Brain Collaterals (yu zu nao luo) |
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32 | (1) |
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Heart and Liver Fire (xing gan huo wang) |
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33 | (1) |
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Endogenous Toxins Damaging the Brain Collaterals (du sun nao luo) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Suan zao ren shen bu nao tang |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
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36 | (1) |
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Other Management Strategies |
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36 | (2) |
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Prevention and Nursing in Chinese Medicine |
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38 | (1) |
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Nursing and Rehabilitation |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
3 Classical Chinese Medicine Literature |
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41 | (30) |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (2) |
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Procedures for Search, Data Coding, and Data Analysis |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (1) |
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Definitions of the Condition and Aetiology |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (12) |
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Frequency of Treatment Citations by Dynasty |
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49 | (1) |
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Treatment with Chinese Herbal Medicine |
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50 | (1) |
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Most Frequent Formulae in 'Possible' Vascular Dementia Citations |
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50 | (3) |
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Most Frequent Herbs in 'Possible' Vascular Dementia Citations |
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53 | (2) |
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Most Frequent Formulae in 'Likely' Vascular Dementia Citations |
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55 | (1) |
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Most Frequent Herbs in 'Likely' Vascular Dementia Citations |
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55 | (1) |
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Discussion of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Vascular Dementia |
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55 | (6) |
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Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
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61 | (4) |
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Frequency of Treatment Citations by Dynasty |
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61 | (1) |
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Frequency of Acupuncture Points |
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62 | (1) |
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Discussion of Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
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63 | (2) |
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The Classical Literature in Perspective |
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65 | (3) |
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68 | (3) |
4 Methods for Evaluating Clinical Evidence |
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71 | (16) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (4) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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Comparators in Controlled Trials (Randomised Controlled Trials and Controlled Clinical Trials) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Comparators in Controlled Trials (Randomised Controlled Trials and Controlled Clinical Trial) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (2) |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (4) |
5 Clinical Evidence for Chinese Herbal Medicine |
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87 | (78) |
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Previous Systematic Reviews |
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87 | (2) |
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Identification of Clinical Studies |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (12) |
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Randomised Controlled Trials of Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine |
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89 | (5) |
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94 | (1) |
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Results of Meta-analyses of Outcome Measures |
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95 | (1) |
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Mini-Mental State Examination |
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96 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Inactive Controls |
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96 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Pharmacotherapy |
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97 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Donepezil |
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98 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Huperzine A |
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98 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Nimodipine |
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98 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Flunarizine |
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99 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Co-dergocrine Mesylate |
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100 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Dihydroergotoxine Injection |
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100 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Nicergoline |
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100 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Piracetam |
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100 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Oxiracetam |
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100 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Aniracetam |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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Integrative Chinese Herbal Medicine |
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|
101 | (3) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Donepezil vs. Donepezil |
|
|
102 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Huperzine A vs. Huperzine A |
|
|
103 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Nimodipine vs. Nimodipine |
|
|
103 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Co-dergocrine Mesylate vs. Co-dergocrine Mesylate |
|
|
103 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Aniracetam vs. Aniracetam |
|
|
103 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Other Pharmacotherapies |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
Summary for Mini-Mental State Examination |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
Hasegawa's Dementia Scale |
|
|
105 | (4) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Huperzine A |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Nimodipine |
|
|
106 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Co-dergocrine Mesylate |
|
|
106 | (2) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Nicergoline |
|
|
108 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Dihydroergotoxine |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Aniracetam |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Piracetam |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Oxiracetam |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
Integrative Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
Summary for Hasegawa's Dementia Scale |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Summary for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Activities of Daily Living |
|
|
112 | (7) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
Studies Using 'Lower is Better' Activities of Daily Living Scales |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
Studies Using 'Higher is Better' Activities of Daily Living Scales |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
Integrative Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
Studies Using 'Lower is Better' Activities of Daily Living Scales |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Studies Using 'Higher is Better' Activities of Daily Living Scales |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
Summary for Activities of Daily Living Scales |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
Functional Activities Questionnaire |
|
|
120 | (2) |
|
Summary for Functional Activities Questionnaire |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (2) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Integrative Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
Summary for the Blessed Behaviour Scale |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
Other Outcome Measures Reported in Randomised Controlled Trials |
|
|
125 | (2) |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
Neuropsychiatric Inventory |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
GRADE for Main Chinese Herbal Medicine Comparisons |
|
|
127 | (2) |
|
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Donepezil |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Integrative Medicine: Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined with Donepezil vs. Donepezil Alone |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
Randomised Controlled Trial Evidence for Individual Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulae |
|
|
129 | (2) |
|
GRADE for Individual Formulae |
|
|
131 | (12) |
|
Modified Bu yang huan wu tang vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
Modified Bu yang huan wu tang Combined with Pharmacotherapy vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
Bu chang nao xin tong jiao nang vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
Bu chang nao xin tong jiao nang Combined with Pharmacotherapy vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
Frequently Reported Herbs in Meta-analyses Showing Favourable Effects |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Specific Pharmacotherapy for Cognitive Outcome Measures |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
Integrative Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. the Same Pharmacotherapy for Cognitive Outcome Measures |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
Controlled Clinical Trials of Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
138 | (2) |
|
Mini-Mental State Examination |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
Hasegawa's Dementia Scale |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
'Lower is Better' Activities of Daily Living |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
Non-controlled Studies of Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Vascular Dementia |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evidence for Commonly Used Oral Formulae |
|
|
143 | (2) |
|
Summary of the Clinical Evidence for Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
145 | (4) |
|
|
149 | (16) |
6 Pharmacological Actions of the Common Herbs |
|
165 | (48) |
|
|
165 | (2) |
|
Abbreviations Used in this Chapter |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on shi chang pu |
|
|
167 | (4) |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
|
168 | (2) |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on chuan xiong |
|
|
171 | (3) |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on dang gui |
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on he shou wu |
|
|
176 | (4) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside |
|
|
177 | (2) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on huang qi |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Extracts and other compounds |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
Experimental studies on dan Shen |
|
|
181 | (5) |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on yuan zhi |
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on shui zhi |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on di huang |
|
|
189 | (3) |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on you qi zi |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
Summary of Evidence From in Vivo and in Vitro Studies |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
194 | (19) |
7 Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
|
213 | (50) |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
Previous Systematic Reviews |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
Identification of Clinical Studies |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
|
217 | (23) |
|
Randomised Controlled Trials of Acupuncture |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Frequently Used Points in Randomised Controlled Trials of Acupuncture |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Acupuncture vs. Sham Acupuncture |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Acupuncture vs. No Treatment |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Acupuncture vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
220 | (9) |
|
Integrative Acupuncture vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
229 | (6) |
|
Frequently Reported Acupuncture Points in Meta-analyses |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
Assessment of Acupuncture Using GRADE |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Acupuncture vs. Donepezil |
|
|
237 | (3) |
|
Clinical Evidence from Non-randomised Controlled Trials of Acupuncture |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evidence from Non-controlled Studies of Acupuncture/Moxibustion |
|
|
240 | (3) |
|
Safety of Acupuncture and Electro-acupuncture |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Studies of Scalp Acupuncture |
|
|
243 | (5) |
|
Scalp Acupuncture vs. No Treatment |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
Scalp Acupuncture vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
Mini-Mental State Examination |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
Activities of Daily Living |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
Integrative Scalp Acupuncture |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Non-controlled Studies of Scalp Acupuncture |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Safety of Scalp Acupuncture |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
Frequently Reported Scalp Acupuncture Zones in Meta-analyses |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
248 | (2) |
|
Ear Acupuncture and Ear Acupressure |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evidence for Commonly Used Acupuncture Interventions |
|
|
250 | (2) |
|
Summary of Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
|
|
252 | (4) |
|
|
256 | (7) |
8 Clinical Evidence for Other Chinese Medicine Therapies |
|
263 | (12) |
|
|
263 | (5) |
|
Previous Systematic Reviews |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
Summary of the Clinical Evidence |
|
|
264 | (2) |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
Randomised Controlled Trials |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
Mini-Mental State Examination |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
Activities of Daily Living |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Safety of Chinese Exercise Therapy |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Chinese Remedial Massage Therapy |
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
Safety of Chinese Remedial Massage Therapy |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evidence for Other Chinese Medicine Therapies |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
Summary of the Evidence for Other Chinese Medicine Therapies |
|
|
270 | (2) |
|
|
272 | (3) |
9 Clinical Evidence for Combination Therapies |
|
275 | (22) |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Randomised Controlled Trials of Combination Therapies |
|
|
275 | (18) |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Acupuncture Therapy |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
Frequently Used Herbs and Acupuncture Points |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Acupuncture vs. No Treatment |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Acupuncture vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Mini-Mental State Examination |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale |
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Activities of Daily Living |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
Integrative Medicine: Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Acupuncture plus Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
Mini-Mental State Examination |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
Activities of Daily Living |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
Safety of the Combination of Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Acupuncture |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Scalp Acupuncture Therapy |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Scalp Acupuncture vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Integrative Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Scalp Acupuncture vs. Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Safety of the Combination of Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Scalp Acupuncture |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Acupuncture plus Rehabilitation Therapy |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evidence for Commonly Used Interventions |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Summary of the Evidence for Combination Therapies |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
|
294 | (3) |
10 Summary and Conclusions |
|
297 | (32) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation |
|
|
298 | (5) |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
|
299 | (4) |
|
|
303 | (6) |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
304 | (2) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulae in Key Clinical Guidelines and Textbooks, Classical Literature, and Clinical Studies |
|
|
306 | (2) |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
|
|
309 | (7) |
|
Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Acupuncture Points Used in Key Clinical Guidelines, Textbooks, Classical Literature, and Clinical Studies |
|
|
313 | (3) |
|
Other Chinese Medicine Therapies |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
Other Chinese Medicine Therapies in Key Clinical Guidelines and Textbooks, Classical Literature, and Clinical Studies |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
Limitations of the Evidence |
|
|
317 | (4) |
|
Evidence from Classical Literature |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Evidence from Clinical Studies |
|
|
319 | (2) |
|
Implications for Practice |
|
|
321 | (3) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
Implications for Research |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
|
326 | (3) |
Glossary |
|
329 | |
Index |
|
33 | |