Disclaimer |
|
v | |
Foreword |
|
vii | |
Purpose of this Book |
|
xi | |
Authors and Contributors |
|
xv | |
Members of Advisory Committee and Panel |
|
xvii | |
Professor Charlie Changli Xue |
|
xix | |
Professor Chuanjian Lu |
|
xxi | |
Acknowledgements |
|
xxiii | |
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|
xli | |
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|
xliii | |
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1 Introduction to Colorectal Cancer |
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1 | (24) |
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Definition of Colorectal Cancer |
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1 | (1) |
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Clinical Presentation and Subtypes |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Pathological Processes and Histology |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (8) |
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9 | (3) |
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12 | (1) |
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Surgical Resection of Primary Tumours |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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Radiotherapy and Chemo-radiotherapy |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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Side-effects of Cancer Therapy |
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16 | (1) |
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Post-therapy Follow-up and Monitoring |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (6) |
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2 Colorectal Cancer in Chinese Medicine |
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25 | (30) |
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25 | (1) |
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Aetiology and Pathogenesis |
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25 | (1) |
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Syndrome Differentiation and Treatments |
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26 | (1) |
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Treatment Based on Syndrome Differentiation |
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27 | (5) |
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Additional Sources for Treatment Based on Syndrome Differentiation |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (5) |
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External Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment |
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37 | (4) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Acupuncture/Moxibustion Therapies |
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41 | (5) |
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Other Chinese Medicine Therapies |
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46 | (5) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (5) |
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Principles for Combining Chinese and Western Medicine for Colorectal Cancer |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Nursing and Care of the Patient |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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3 Classical Chinese Medicine Literature |
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55 | (42) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Procedures for Search, Data Coding and Data Analysis |
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56 | (3) |
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59 | (10) |
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Citations Related to the Definitions of the Main Terms |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (3) |
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Zheng Jia and Related Terms |
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63 | (1) |
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Zang Du and Related Terms |
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64 | (1) |
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Suo Gang Zhi and Related Terms |
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65 | (1) |
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Summary of the Meanings of the Main Terms |
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66 | (1) |
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Citations Related to Aetiology and Syndromes |
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66 | (2) |
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Summary of Aetiology and Syndromes |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (11) |
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Frequency of Treatment Citations by Dynasty |
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70 | (1) |
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Treatment with Chinese Herbal Medicine |
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70 | (2) |
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Most Frequent Formulas in Citations for Ji Ju and/or Zheng Jia |
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72 | (2) |
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Most Frequent Herbs in Citations for Ji Ju and/or Zheng Jia |
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74 | (1) |
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Most Frequent Formulas in Citations for Zang Du |
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74 | (3) |
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Most Frequent Herbs in Citations for Zang Du |
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77 | (2) |
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Discussion of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Colorectal Cancer |
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79 | (1) |
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Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
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80 | (6) |
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Frequency of Treatment Citations by Dynasty |
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81 | (1) |
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Treatment with Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
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82 | (1) |
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Acupuncture Points in Citations for Ji Ju and/or Zheng Jia |
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83 | (1) |
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Acupuncture Points in Citations for Zang Du |
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84 | (2) |
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Discussion of Acupuncture for Colorectal Cancer |
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86 | (1) |
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Other Chinese Medicine Therapies |
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86 | (3) |
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Discussion of Other Chinese Medicine Therapies |
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89 | (1) |
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Classical Literature in Perspective |
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89 | (3) |
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92 | (5) |
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4 Methods for Evaluating Clinical Evidence |
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97 | (14) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (7) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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Comparators in Controlled Trials (RCT, CCT) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (3) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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Comparators in Controlled Trials |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (1) |
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5 Clinical Evidence for Chinese Herbal Medicine |
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111 | (200) |
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111 | (1) |
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Previous Systematic Reviews |
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112 | (1) |
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Identification of Clinical Studies |
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113 | (1) |
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Outline of the Data Analyses |
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113 | (2) |
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Section 1 Chinese Herbal Medicine During Postoperative Recovery |
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115 | (13) |
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Randomised Controlled Trials of Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine for Postoperative Recovery |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Formula and Herb Frequencies |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
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118 | (1) |
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Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Usual Postoperative Care versus Usual Postoperative Care |
|
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119 | (2) |
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Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Fast Track Programme versus Fast Track Programme |
|
|
121 | (2) |
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Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Postoperative Enteral Nutrition versus Postoperative Enteral Nutrition |
|
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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Postoperative Abdominal Distension |
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124 | (1) |
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Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting |
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125 | (1) |
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Postoperative Intestinal Obstruction |
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125 | (1) |
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Karnofsky Performance Scale |
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126 | (1) |
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Postoperative Immune Function |
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127 | (1) |
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GRADE for Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine for Postoperative Recovery |
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128 | (2) |
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Randomised Controlled Trial Evidence for Individual Oral Formulas for Postoperative Recovery |
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130 | (4) |
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Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function and Levels of Immunoglobulins |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (1) |
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GRADE for Individual Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulas |
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134 | (1) |
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Randomised Controlled Trials of Topical Chinese Herbal Medicine for Postoperative Recovery |
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135 | (2) |
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Risk of Bias for Topical Chinese Herbal Medicine for Postoperative Recovery |
|
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137 | (1) |
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Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
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138 | (3) |
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Postoperative Abdominal Distension |
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141 | (1) |
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Randomised Controlled Trial of Chinese Herbal Medicine Inhalation for Postoperative Recovery |
|
|
141 | (1) |
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Controlled Clinical Trials of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Postoperative Recovery |
|
|
141 | (1) |
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Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
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|
142 | (1) |
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Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting |
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143 | (1) |
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Postoperative Immune Function |
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|
143 | (1) |
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Non-controlled Clinical Studies of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Postoperative Recovery |
|
|
143 | (2) |
|
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Postoperative Care |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
Section 2 Chinese Herbal Medicine in Conjunction with Chemotherapy |
|
|
146 | (114) |
|
Randomised Controlled Trials of Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine in Conjunction with Chemotherapy |
|
|
146 | (1) |
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|
147 | (1) |
|
Formula and Herb Frequencies |
|
|
148 | (1) |
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|
148 | (4) |
|
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine Versus Chemotherapy |
|
|
152 | (2) |
|
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine for Post-chemotherapy Adverse Reactions |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
Post-chemotherapy Diarrhoea |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
Karnofsky Performance Scale |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Chemotherapy versus Chemotherapy |
|
|
156 | (1) |
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|
156 | (3) |
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|
159 | (1) |
|
Overall Survival and Median Survival Time |
|
|
160 | (2) |
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Median Progression-free Survival |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
|
Recurrence and Metastasis Rates |
|
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164 | (1) |
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|
165 | (4) |
|
Karnofsky Performance Status |
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169 | (4) |
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173 | (1) |
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|
173 | (2) |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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|
177 | (3) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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Chemotherapy-related Adverse Events |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (5) |
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188 | (5) |
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193 | (1) |
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Gastrointestinal Reactions |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (1) |
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|
195 | (3) |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (3) |
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204 | (3) |
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Myelosuppression (Type not Specified) |
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207 | (2) |
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Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity |
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209 | (5) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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Hepatotoxicity and/or Nephrotoxicity |
|
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (5) |
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222 | (3) |
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Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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GRADE for Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Chemotherapy |
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228 | (1) |
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GRADE for Objective Response Rate |
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229 | (1) |
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GRADE for Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting |
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230 | (1) |
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GRADE for Chemotherapy-related Abnormal Haematological Parameters |
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231 | (1) |
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GRADE for Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity |
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231 | (2) |
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Randomised Controlled Trial Evidence for Individual Oral Formulas in Conjunction with Chemotherapy |
|
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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Karnofsky Performance Scale |
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234 | (1) |
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Frequently Reported Herbs in Meta-analyses of Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine in Conjunction with Chemotherapy Showing Favourable Effect |
|
|
235 | (3) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Enema and/or Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Chemotherapy versus Chemotherapy |
|
|
238 | (3) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Enema plus Chemotherapy versus Chemotherapy |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Topical Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Chemotherapy versus Chemotherapy |
|
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242 | (1) |
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|
242 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Hand and Foot Bath plus Chemotherapy versus Chemotherapy |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Cataplasm plus Chemotherapy versus Chemotherapy |
|
|
244 | (2) |
|
Controlled Clinical Trials of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Conjunction with Chemotherapy |
|
|
246 | (1) |
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|
246 | (1) |
|
Formula and Herb Frequencies |
|
|
246 | (1) |
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|
246 | (1) |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Karnofsky Performance Status |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Chemotherapy-related Adverse Events |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Gastrointestinal Reactions |
|
|
251 | (2) |
|
|
253 | (1) |
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|
254 | (1) |
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|
254 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
Nephrotoxicity and Heart Function |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Non-controlled Clinical Trials of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Conjunction with Chemotherapy |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Conjunction with Chemotherapy |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Section 3: Radiotherapy and Chemo-radiotherapy Combined with Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
260 | (5) |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Radiotherapy versus Radiotherapy |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
Post-radiotherapy Immune Function |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Enema plus Radiotherapy versus Radiotherapy |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Chemo-radiotherapy versus Chemo-radiotherapy |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Conjunction with Radiotherapy or Chemo-radiotherapy |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
Section 4 Supportive and/or Palliative Care Incorporating Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
265 | (9) |
|
Randomised Controlled Trials of Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
Formula and Herb Frequencies |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine versus Best Supportive Care |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine versus Thymosin α1 for Injection |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Non-controlled Studies of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Conjunction with Supportive Care |
|
|
269 | (1) |
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|
269 | (1) |
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|
269 | (2) |
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271 | (1) |
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|
272 | (1) |
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|
272 | (1) |
|
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Supportive and/or Palliative Care |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Evidence for Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatments Commonly Used in Clinical Practice |
|
|
274 | (13) |
|
Formulas Based on Syndrome Differentiation |
|
|
274 | (1) |
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|
275 | (3) |
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|
278 | (2) |
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|
280 | (1) |
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|
281 | (1) |
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|
281 | (1) |
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|
282 | (2) |
|
Fu fang ban mao jiao nang |
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|
284 | (2) |
|
Hua chan su pian/jiao nang |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicines |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Summary of the Clinical Evidence for Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Summary of Results of Randomised Controlled Trials for Main Clinical Outcomes |
|
|
288 | (9) |
|
Section 1 Chinese Herbal Medicine Used during Postoperative Recovery |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
289 | (3) |
|
Topical Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Section 2 Chinese Herbal Medicine Used in Association with Chemotherapies |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
Topical Chinese Herbal Medicine |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Section 3 Chinese Herbal Medicine Used in Association with Radiotherapy or Chemo-radiotherapy |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Section 4 Chinese Herbal Medicine Used for Supportive and/or Palliative Care |
|
|
296 | (1) |
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|
297 | (14) |
|
6 Pharmacological Actions of the Common Herbs |
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|
311 | (58) |
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|
311 | (1) |
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Experimental Studies on Bai Zhu |
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|
312 | (5) |
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|
313 | (1) |
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|
313 | (1) |
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|
314 | (1) |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Anti-inflammatory Effects |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on Yi Yi Ren |
|
|
317 | (3) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
Anti-inflammatory Effects |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on Huang Qi |
|
|
320 | (4) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
Anti-inflammatory Effects |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on Fu Ling |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
Anti-inflammatory Effects |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on She She Cao |
|
|
326 | (4) |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
Anti-inflammatory Effects |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on Can Cao |
|
|
330 | (2) |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
Isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on Ban Zhi Lian |
|
|
332 | (5) |
|
|
333 | (3) |
|
Anti-inflammatory Effects |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on Dang Shen |
|
|
337 | (2) |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on Ban Xia |
|
|
339 | (2) |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on E Zhu |
|
|
341 | (4) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Beta-elemene and delta-elemene |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Curcumol and isocurcumenol |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Anti-inflammatory Effects |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Summary of Evidence from In Vivo and In Vitro Studies |
|
|
345 | (3) |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (20) |
|
7 Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
|
|
369 | (36) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Previous Systematic Reviews |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Identification of Clinical Studies |
|
|
370 | (2) |
|
Outline of the Data Analyses |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Studies of Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture |
|
|
373 | (17) |
|
Randomised Controlled Trials of Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Frequently Used Points in Randomised Controlled Trials of Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Risk of Bias for Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture |
|
|
374 | (2) |
|
Electroacupuncture versus Sham Electroacupuncture |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
376 | (2) |
|
Acupuncture and/or Electroacupuncture versus Postoperative Care |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
Manual Acupuncture for Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
378 | (2) |
|
Electroacupuncture for Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
Postoperative Adverse Reactions |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Warm Needling versus Postoperative Care |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Frequently Reported Acupuncture Points in Meta-analyses |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
GRADE for Acupuncture for Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
385 | (4) |
|
Clinical Evidence from Non-randomised Controlled Trials of Acupuncture |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evidence from Non-controlled Studies of Acupuncture |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Safety of Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
390 | (6) |
|
Studies of Ear Acupuncture or Ear Acupressure |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Risk of Bias for Studies of Ear Acupressure and Ear Acupuncture |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Ear Acupressure versus Postoperative Care |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
Ear Acupuncture plus Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture versus Sham Interventions |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
GRADE for Ear Acupressure for Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Safety of Ear Acupuncture and Ear Acupressure |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
396 | (2) |
|
Clinical Evidence for Commonly Used Acupuncture Interventions |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Summary of Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
|
|
399 | (3) |
|
|
402 | (3) |
|
8 Clinical Evidence for Other Chinese Medicine Therapies |
|
|
405 | (8) |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Previous Systematic Reviews |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Identification of Clinical Studies |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
406 | (5) |
|
Randomised Controlled Trials |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Time to First Bowel Sounds |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Time to First Passage of Flatus |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Time to First Defaecation |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Postoperative Abdominal Distention |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Safety of An Mo Remedial Massage |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Summary of Clinical Evidence for Other Chinese Medicine Therapies |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
9 Clinical Evidence for Combination Therapies |
|
|
413 | (20) |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Identification of Clinical Studies |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
Outline of the Data Analyses |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Randomised Controlled Trials of Combination Therapies |
|
|
416 | (11) |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Formula, Herb and Acupuncture Point Frequencies |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evidence for Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Acupuncture/Moxibustion with or without Chinese Herbal Medicine Fomentation Therapy |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Postoperative Complications |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Postoperative Immune Function |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Karnofsky Performance Status |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Enema plus Acupuncture |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Topical Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Moxibustion, with or without An Mo |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
424 | (2) |
|
Karnofsky Performance Status and Quality of Life |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Topical Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Electroacupuncture |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evidence from Non-controlled Studies of Combination Therapy |
|
|
427 | (2) |
|
Safety of Combination Therapies |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
Summary of Clinical Evidence for Combination Therapies |
|
|
429 | (2) |
|
Comparison with Other Chapters |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
431 | (2) |
|
10 Summary and Conclusions |
|
|
433 | (26) |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation |
|
|
434 | (2) |
|
|
436 | (7) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulas in Key Clinical Guidelines and Textbooks, Classical Literature and Clinical Studies |
|
|
439 | (4) |
|
Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
|
|
443 | (5) |
|
Acupuncture Points Used in Key Clinical Guidelines and Textbooks, Classical Literature and Clinical Studies |
|
|
445 | (3) |
|
Other Chinese Medicine Therapies |
|
|
448 | (2) |
|
Limitations of the Evidence |
|
|
450 | (6) |
|
Implications for Practice |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
Implications for Research |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
|
456 | (3) |
Glossary |
|
459 | (10) |
Index |
|
469 | |