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E-raamat: Evidence-Based Public Health Practice

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jan-2012
  • Kirjastus: SAGE Publications Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781452281100
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Evidence-Based Public Health PracticeSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jan-2012
  • Kirjastus: SAGE Publications Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781452281100
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Fink (medicine and public health, U. of California-Los Angeles) writes for students and practitioners of public health, people in other medical and helping professions, and general readers who want to learn about evidence-based public health because of its importance to health at scales from the local to the global. Among her topics are community health and health service needs and evidence-based programs, research design and validity, and validity and meaningful data as proof of best available evidence. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Designed for students and practitioners, Arlene Fink's practical book shows how to do evidence-based research in public health. As a great deal of evidence-based practice occurs online, Evidence Based Public Health Practice focuses on how to find, use and interpret online sources of public health information. It also includes examples of community-based participatory research and shows how to link data with community preferences and needs. Each chapter begins with specific learning objectives and concludes with practice exercises geared to the objectives. Each chapter also contains a list of key terms that are an essential part of an evidence-based public health practitioner's vocabulary. The book includes a comprehensive glossary, and hundreds of online and print references, examples, and charts.

Arvustused

Its emphasis on evidence-based is extremely important and relevant, given that funding agencies at all levels are demanding evidence-based practices and sound methods to evaluate public health programs. The end-of-chapter questions and exercises are a great addition to the text that will allow students to critically apply the knowledge gained from the chapters. -- Deric R. Kenne It covers a very important topic for the future of public health. There are few very other texts in print that cover this material. -- W. Douglas Evans

About the Author xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Preface xvii
1 Public Health Practice and the Best Available Evidence
1(30)
Chapter Objectives
2(1)
Evidence-Based Public Health Practice: Definitions, Purposes, and Methods
2(1)
Characteristics of Evidence-Based Public Health Practice: Community Health and Service Needs, Evidence, Programs, and Evaluation
3(2)
Evidence-Based Medicine and Evidence-Based Public Health
5(4)
Current Best Available Evidence for Public Health Programs and the Role of Evaluation Research
9(2)
Evaluation and Effectiveness Research: Definitions and Methodological Considerations
11(4)
Program Costs and Program Effectiveness
15(1)
Evaluation Researchers and Other Evaluators and Researchers
16(7)
Summary of
Chapter 1 Public Health Practice and the Best Available Evidence
23(1)
Words to Remember
23(1)
The Next
Chapter
24(1)
Exercises
24(4)
References
28(3)
2 Community Health and Health Service Needs and Evidence-Based Programs
31(36)
Chapter Objectives
31(1)
Identifying Health and Health Care Risks or Needs, Preferences, and Values
32(2)
Methods for Assessing Community Health Care and Health Services Needs
34(27)
Large Databases and Data Sets
34(5)
Why Evidence-Based Public Health Practice Uses Secondary Data
39(1)
What Evidence-Based Public Health Practice Should Watch For
39(1)
Key Informants
40(1)
Public or Community Forums
41(1)
Focus Groups
41(1)
Nominal Group Process
41(2)
Delphi Technique
43(2)
The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method
45(3)
Surveys
48(2)
Asset Mapping
50(1)
Consensus Panels
51(6)
Online Program and Practice Databases: Where to Find and How to Evaluate Them
57(1)
Search Engines and Online Health Information
58(3)
Summary of
Chapter 2 Identifying Community Needs and Programs
61(1)
Words to Remember
61(1)
The Next
Chapter
62(1)
Exercises
62(3)
References
65(2)
3 Finding the Best Available Evidence: Questions, Practical Concerns, and Ethics
67(40)
Chapter Objectives
67(1)
The Evidence and the Research Literature
68(16)
Eight Literature Reviewing Tasks
69(1)
Choosing an Online Bibliographic Database
69(2)
Online Journals
71(1)
What Are Your Questions? PICO or Problem (Need), Interventions, Comparison, and Outcome
72(2)
Research Questions, Descriptors, and Key Words
74(1)
More Search Terms: Authors, Titles, Title Words, and Journals and Then Some---Limiting the Search
75(4)
Searching With Boolean Operators
79(2)
Online Search
81(1)
Reviewing References
82(1)
Is Everything Worthwhile Published?
82(1)
Calling in the Experts
83(1)
The Practical Screen, Part 1 Language, Research Design, the Program, Timeliness, and Sponsorship
84(6)
Checklist of Criteria to Make Research Literature Reviews Practical: The Practical Screen
84(6)
The Practical Screen, Part 2 Outcomes, Population, Costs, and Ethics
90(1)
The Practical Screen, Part 3 Ethics
91(7)
Research and the Institutional Review Board
91(1)
Three Guiding Principles of Ethical Research
92(2)
Informed Consent
94(1)
Limits to Confidentiality
95(1)
Research Misconduct
95(1)
Evidence-Based Public Health Research and Ethics
95(3)
The Practical Screen and Limits
98(1)
Summary of
Chapter 3 Finding the Best Available Evidence: Questions, Practical Concerns, and Ethics
99(1)
Words to Remember
99(1)
The Next
Chapter
100(1)
Exercises
101(4)
References
105(2)
4 Research Design, Validity, and Best Available Evidence
107(52)
Chapter Objectives
107(1)
Research Methods and Research Design
108(14)
The Randomized Controlled Trial: Going for the Gold
108(10)
Factorial Designs
118(1)
Doing It Randomly
119(1)
Random Clusters
120(2)
Ensuring Baseline Equivalence: What Evidence-Based Public Health Practice Should Watch For
122(18)
Improving on Chance
122(2)
Blinding
124(3)
Quasi-Experimental Research Designs
127(1)
Nonrandomized Controlled Trials: Concurrent Controls
127(3)
Time-Series Designs
130(1)
Historical Controls
131(1)
Interrupted or Single Time-Series Designs
132(1)
Observational Designs
132(1)
Cohort Designs
132(3)
Case-Control Designs
135(2)
Cross-Sectional Designs
137(2)
Observational Designs and Controlled Trials: Compare and Contrast
139(1)
The Bottom Line: Internal and External Validity
140(5)
Internal Validity Is Threatened
140(2)
External Validity Is Threatened
142(3)
The Problem of Incomparable Participants: Statistical Methods to the Rescue
145(4)
Analysis of Covariance
146(1)
Propensity Score Methods
147(2)
Summary of
Chapter 4 Research Design, Validity, and Best Available Evidence
149(1)
Words to Remember
149(1)
The Next
Chapter
149(1)
Exercises
150(5)
References
155(4)
5 Wanted! Valid and Meaningful Data as Proof of Best Available Evidence
159(52)
Chapter Objectives
160(1)
Collecting Data: Evaluation's Main Measures
160(13)
Self-Administered Survey Questionnaires
163(1)
Why Researchers Use Self-Administered Survey Questionnaires
164(1)
What Evidence-Based Public Health Practice Should Watch For
165(1)
Forced-Choice (Multiple-Choice) Achievement Tests
165(1)
Why Researchers Use Multiple-Choice Achievement Tests
165(1)
What Evidence-Based Public Health Practice Should Watch For
166(1)
Record Reviews
166(1)
Why Researchers Use Records
167(1)
What Evidence-Based Public Health Practice Should Watch For
168(1)
Observations
168(2)
Why Researchers Use Observations
170(1)
What Evidence-Based Public Health Practice Should Watch For
170(1)
Interviews
170(2)
Why Researchers Use Interviews
172(1)
What Evidence-Based Public Health Practice Should Watch For
172(1)
Vignettes
172(1)
Why Researchers Use Vignettes
173(1)
What Evidence-Based Public Health Practice Should Watch For
173(1)
Physical Examinations
173(1)
Theories of Health Behavior Change: Measurement and Program Planning Guides
173(17)
Reliability and Validity: A Team Approach
178(1)
Reliability
179(1)
Within-Measure Reliability
180(4)
Between-Measure Reliability
184(1)
Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability
184(1)
Measurement Validity
185(1)
Content Validity
186(1)
Predictive Validity
186(1)
Concurrent Validity
187(1)
Construct Validity
187(2)
Sensitivity and Specificity
189(1)
Needing It All or Just Needing Some of It: Reliability, Validity, Sensitivity, and Specificity
190(9)
Data Collection, Data Analysis, Statistical and Practical Significance
191(3)
What Evidence-Based Public Health Practice Should Watch For
194(1)
Missing: Where Are the Data?
194(3)
In the Final Analysis, What Data Are Available?
197(1)
Proximate or Surrogate Outcomes
197(2)
Data Collection and Public Health Practice
199(2)
Checklist for Evaluating the Quality of Data Collection Measures
200(1)
Summary of
Chapter 5 Wanted! Valid and Meaningful Data as Proof of Best Available Evidence
201(1)
Words to Remember
201(1)
The Next
Chapter
201(1)
Exercises
202(5)
References
207(4)
6 The Best Available Evidence: Quality, Strength, Implementation, and Evaluation
211(46)
Chapter Objectives
212(1)
Synthesizing and Reporting Results of Research Reviews
212(17)
CONSORTing With the Best
215(3)
Nonrandomized and Observational Studies: TREND and STROBE
218(2)
Scoring and Grading: Distinguishing Good From Poor-Quality Research Articles
220(1)
Checklist for Scoring and Grading a Study's Methodological Quality
221(1)
Quality, Quantity, and Consistency = Strength of Evidence
222(4)
Does The Evidence Make the Grade?
226(3)
Reliable and Valid Reviews
229(16)
Measuring Review Reliability: The Kappa Statistic
229(2)
Reviewing Other Reviews: Narrative Reviews and Systematic Reviews
231(2)
Systematic Reviews: Meta-Analysis
233(1)
How Many People and What Effect?
234(1)
Odds, Risks, and Effects
235(2)
A Checklist of Questions to Guide in Evaluating the Quality of a Meta-Analysis
237(5)
PRISMA Guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis
242(3)
Selecting and Implementing Programs
245(1)
Planning and Evaluating Programs
246(3)
Logic Models
246(1)
Right-to-Left Logic Model
247(1)
Left-to-Right Logic Model
248(1)
Improvement Evaluations: Did the Program Change Behavior? Do We Need to Improve?
249(2)
Summary of
Chapter 6 The Best Available Evidence
251(1)
Words to Remember
251(1)
Exercises
252(2)
References
254(3)
Glossary 257(24)
Author Index 281(6)
Subject Index 287
Arlene Fink (PhD) is Professor of Medicine and Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles, and president of the Langley Research Institute. Her main interests include evaluation and survey research and the conduct of research literature reviews as well as the evaluation of their quality. Dr. Fink has conducted scores of evaluation studies in public health, medicine, and education. She is on the faculty of UCLAs Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program and is a scientific and evaluation advisor to UCLAs Gambling Studies and IMPACT (Improving Access, Counseling & Treatment for Californians with Prostate Cancer) programs. She consults nationally and internationally for agencies such as Linstitut de Promotion del la Prévention Secondaire en Addictologie (IPPSA) in Paris, France, and Peninsula Health in Victoria, Australia. Professor Fink has taught and lectured extensively all over the world and is the author of more than 130 peer-reviewed articles and 15 textbooks.
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