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E-raamat: Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs

  • Formaat: 124 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Mar-2020
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309497817
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  • Formaat: 124 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Mar-2020
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309497817

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Satellite remote sensing is the primary tool for measuring global changes in the land, ocean, biosphere, and atmosphere. Over the past three decades, active remote sensing technologies have enabled increasingly precise measurements of Earth processes, allowing new science questions to be asked and answered. As this measurement precision increases, so does the need for a precise geodetic infrastructure.



Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs summarizes progress in maintaining and improving the geodetic infrastructure and identifies improvements to meet new science needs that were laid out in the 2018 report Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Focusing on sea-level change, the terrestrial water cycle, geological hazards, weather and climate, and ecosystems, this study examines the specific aspects of the geodetic infrastructure that need to be maintained or improved to help answer the science questions being considered.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Progress in Maintaining and Improving the Geodetic Infrastructure 3 Sea-Level Change 4 Terrestrial Water Cycle 5 Geological Hazards: Earthquakes and Volcanoes 6 Weather and Climate 7 Ecosystems 8 Priorities for Maintaining and Enhancing the Geodetic Infrastructure Appendix A: Science and Applications Traceability Matrixes Appendix B: Speakers and Workshop Participants Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations
Summary 1(8)
1 Introduction
9(10)
Committee's Tasks and Approach
9(3)
Geodetic Infrastructure and Terrestrial Reference Frame
12(4)
Organization of This Report
16(1)
References
17(2)
2 Progress in Maintaining and Improving the Geodetic Infrastructure
19(6)
Maintaining and Improving the Geodetic Infrastructure
19(1)
Enhancing Specific SLR and VLBI Sites
20(1)
International Geodetic Network
21(1)
GNSS/GPS National Network
21(1)
International Geodetic Services and the ITRF
22(1)
Federal Geodetic Service
22(1)
Geodesy Workforce
23(1)
Summary
24(1)
References
24(1)
3 Sea-Level Change
25(14)
Science Overview
25(4)
Sea-Level Change
29(3)
Thermal Expansion---Ocean Heat Storage
32(1)
Ice Sheets and Glacier Mass Changes
32(2)
Land Water Hydrology
34(1)
Vertical Land Motion
35(1)
Summary
35(2)
References
37(2)
4 Terrestrial Water Cycle
39(12)
Science Overview
39(1)
Elastic Loading
40(2)
Aquifer-System Compaction (Land Subsidence)
42(4)
Surface Water Monitoring by Satellite Altimetry
46(1)
Water Cycle Monitoring with Satellite Gravity
46(1)
Calibration/Validation and GNSS-IR
47(1)
Summary
47(1)
References
48(3)
5 Geological Hazards: Earthquakes and Volcanoes
51(8)
Science Overview
51(3)
Required Measurements and Links to the Terrestrial Reference Frame
54(3)
Summary 56 References
57(2)
6 Weather and Climate
59(12)
GNSS for Atmospheric Sensing
59(1)
Improvements in Weather Models
60(6)
Reducing Uncertainty in Climate Projections
66(1)
Summary
66(2)
References
68(3)
7 Ecosystems
71(12)
Vegetation Dynamics
71(3)
Lateral Transport of Carbon, Nutrients, Soil, and Water
74(3)
Global Soil Moisture
77(1)
Permafrost and Changes in the Arctic
77(3)
Summary
80(1)
References
80(3)
8 Priorities for Maintaining and Enhancing the Geodetic Infrastructure
83(6)
Accuracy and Stability of the TRF
83(1)
Accuracy and Stability of Satellite Orbits
84(1)
Accuracy of the Low-Degree Geopotential Harmonics
84(1)
Augmentation of the GNSS Station Network
85(1)
Supporting Software, Models, Data, and Expertise
85(1)
Summary
86(1)
Reference
87(2)
APPENDIXES
A Science and Applications Traceability Matrixes
89(18)
B Speakers and Workshop Participants
107(2)
C Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
109(4)
D Acronyms and Abbreviations
113