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Discover a straightforward and holistic look at energy conversion and conservation processes using the exergy concept with this thorough text. Explains the fundamental energy conversion processes in numerous diverse systems, ranging from jet engines and nuclear reactors to human bodies. Provides examples for applications to practical energy conversion processes and systems that use our naturally occurring energy resources, such as fossil fuels, solar energy, wind, geothermal, and nuclear fuels. With more than one-hundred diverse cases and solved examples, readers will be able to perform optimizations for a cleaner environment, a sustainable energy future, and affordable energy generation. An essential tool for practicing scientists and engineers who work or do research in the area of energy and exergy, as well as graduate students and faculty in chemical engineering, mechanical engineering and physics.

Arvustused

'Beginners will discover a simple and holistic view of the energy conversion and conservation process with an exergy concept. The concise but practical description of the fundamental energy conversion process in various systems, from jet engines and nuclear reactors to the human body, is given. Readers can find useful examples of practical energy conversion processes and systems that use naturally occurring energy resources such as fossil fuels, solar energy, wind power, geothermal power, and nuclear fuel. The chapter 'Exergy in Biological Systems' is an outstanding feature of this textbook. Readers can find fundamental examples with solutions of biomass energy conversion system, such as, 'Animal and Human Systems', 'Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Biological Systems', and 'Entropy Production and Exergy Destruction in Humans.'' Yoshiharu Amano, Waseda University 'The book offers a treatment of the exergy concept by fuel type, energy utilization, system scale and contemporary industrial technologies and natural systems. Treatment of exergy in plant, animal and natural systems expands the value of this book well beyond industrial applications. Economic aspects of sustainable energy and exergy concepts complete the well-rounded comprehensive treatment of the subject. The book is a fundamental reference and a must read for students, scientists and engineers.' F. A. Kulacki, University of Minnesota 'An excellent reference book extending the application of exergy analysis to several relevant contexts with practical examples: electrical and reactive systems, drying, desalination, transportation, energy storage, environmental sustainability and biological systems including human body metabolism and physical activity. Recommended and full of attractive ideas.' Giampaolo Manfrida, University of Florence 'This book tackles exergy in a truly unique way that makes the reader appreciate its meaning and applicability to everyday systems and devices undergoing energy conversion processes. The book has numerous examples and problems that make it not only a great reference book on the subject, but also a great textbook for graduate and senior level undergraduate courses in energy conversion.' S. A. Sherif, University of Florida 'Exergy quantifies the work potential of energy forms and energy resources and is a crucial concept for modern-day energy efficiency assessments. This book shows how exergy is used when analysing, developing, designing or retrofitting processes and systems - not only power plants! - that use and convert energy. Energy can neither be consumed nor destroyed - but exergy can be, and energy not used offers new opportunities, now or later.' Ron Zevenhoven, Åbo Akademi University 'This volume by engineering professor Michaelides (Texas Christian Univ.) is essentially an intermediate thermodynamics textbook with an emphasis on losses during energy conversion processes This book will be most appreciated by postgraduate scholars and instructors who want to advance their existing knowledge of energy conversion processes Recommended.' M. Alam, Choice Magazine

Muu info

Discover a straightforward and holistic look at energy conversion and conservation processes using the exergy concept.
About the Author x
Preface xi
List of Symbols
xiii
List of Abbreviations
xvii
1 Introduction
1(24)
Summary
1(1)
1.1 Energy - Whither Does It Come? Whence Does It Go?
1(3)
1.2 Fundamental Concepts of Thermodynamics
4(4)
1.3 First Law of Thermodynamics
8(4)
1.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics
12(4)
1.5 Practical Cycles for Power Production and Refrigeration
16(6)
1.6 A Note on the Heat Reservoirs
22(1)
Problems
23(1)
References
24(1)
2 Exergy
25(54)
Summary
25(1)
2.1 General Observations on the Capacity of Engines to Perform Work
25(4)
2.2 The Model Environment
29(1)
2.3 Maximum Work - Exergy of Closed Systems
30(5)
2.4 Maximum Power - Exergy of Open Systems
35(5)
2.5 Exergy of Chemical Resources - Fossil Fuels
40(6)
2.6 A Note on Semipermeable Membranes
46(2)
2.7 Exergy of Black Body Radiation
48(2)
2.8 Exergy of the Water and the Wind
50(4)
2.9 Exergy of Nuclear Fuel
54(3)
2.10 Lost Work and Power - Exergy Destruction
57(5)
2.11 Exergetic Efficiency - Second Law Efficiency
62(2)
2.12 Characteristics of the Exergy Function
64(1)
2.13 Models for the Reference Environment
65(8)
2.14 An Operational Definition of Chemical Exergy
73(1)
2.15 A Brief Historical Background
74(1)
Problems
75(1)
References
76(3)
3 Energy Conversion Systems And Processes
79(68)
Summary
79(1)
3.1 Heat Exchangers
79(13)
3.2 Vapor Power Plants
92(3)
3.3 Gas Turbines
95(5)
3.4 Cogeneration
100(5)
3.5 Jet Engines
105(3)
3.6 Geothermal Power Plants
108(11)
3.7 Fuel Cells
119(7)
3.8 Photovoltaics Systems
126(10)
3.9 Solar Thermal Systems
136(5)
3.10 Wind Turbines
141(3)
Problems
144(2)
References
146(1)
4 Exergy Consumption And Conservation
147(54)
Summary
147(1)
4.1 Energy Conservation of Exergy Conservation?
147(4)
4.2 Maximum Negative Work - The "Minimum Work"
151(4)
4.3 Refrigeration and Liquefaction
155(6)
4.4 Drying
161(3)
4.5 Petroleum Refining
164(5)
4.6 Water Desalination
169(2)
4.7 Exergy Use in Buildings
171(8)
4.8 Exergy Consumption in Transportation
179(8)
4.9 Energy Storage
187(10)
Problems
197(2)
References
199(2)
5 Exergy In Biological Systems
201(50)
Summary
201(1)
5.1 Photosynthesis
201(5)
5.2 Land Biomass
206(6)
5.3 Aquatic Biomass
212(2)
5.4 Animal and Human Systems
214(24)
5.5 Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Biological Systems
238(4)
5.6 Entropy Production and Exergy Destruction in Humans
242(4)
Problems
246(1)
References
247(4)
6 Ecosystems, The Environment, And Sustainability
251(22)
Summary
251(1)
6.1 Environmental Effects of Energy Usage
251(1)
6.2 Ecology and Ecosystems
252(6)
6.3 The Natural Environment
258(3)
6.4 Exergy, the Natural Environment, and Ecosystems
261(5)
6.5 Sustainable Development
266(4)
Problems
270(1)
References
270(3)
7 Optimization And Exergoeconomics
273(23)
Summary
273(1)
7.1 Mathematical Optimization Models - Duality
273(4)
7.2 Definitions of Relevant Economic Variables
277(1)
7.3 Time Value of Money - Annualized Cost, Net Present Value
278(4)
7.4 Thermoeconomics and Exergoeconomics
282(7)
7.5 Uncertainty and Other Limitations
289(4)
Problems
293(1)
References
294(2)
Index 296
Efstathios Michaelides is currently the Tex Moncrief Chair of Engineering at Texas Christian University. He has forty-years' experience teaching and performing research in thermal science and multiphase flow. Among other honours and awards he has received the Freeman Scholar Award (2002); the ASME Fluids Engineering Award (2014); and the 90th Anniversary ASME-FED Medal (2016).