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E-raamat: Extra-Solar Planets: The Detection, Formation, Evolution and Dynamics of Planetary Systems

Edited by (Glasgow Caledonian University, Scotland, UK Glasgow Caledonian University, Scotland, UK), Edited by , Edited by
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Dec-2010
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781420083453
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Dec-2010
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781420083453
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Since the discovery of the first exoplanet orbiting a main sequence star in 1995, nearly 500 planets have been detected, with this number expected to increase dramatically as new ground-based planetary searches begin to report their results. Emerging techniques offer the tantalizing possibility of detecting an Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a solar-type star as well as the exciting prospect of studying exoplanetary atmospheres that could reveal the presence of biomarkers, such as water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.





Can we find the "Holy Grail" of exoplanets? Cutting-edge research may reveal the answer





Written by internationally renowned scientists at the forefront of the field, Extra-Solar Planets: The Detection, Formation, Evolution and Dynamics of Planetary Systems presents powerful analytical tools and methods for investigating extra-solar planetary systems. It discusses new theories on planetary migration and resonant capture that elucidate the existence of "hot Jupiters." It also examines the astrophysical mechanisms required to assemble gas giant planets close to their parent star. In addition, the expert contributors describe how mathematical tools involving periodicity, chaos, and resonance are used to study the diversity and stability of observed planetary systems.





By presenting the fundamental analyses that underpin modern studies of extra-solar planetary systems, this graduate-level book enables readers to thoroughly understand important recent developments and offers a platform for future research. It also improves readers understanding of our own solar system and its place in the diverse range of planetary systems discovered so far.

Arvustused

... very useful as a handy quick reference. ... With its broad but surprisingly detailed and concise coverage of the field at quite a high level, this book forms an excellent primer for any graduate student starting a programme of exoplanetary work. ... the text is generally accessible and well written, as would be expected from a research and editing team of this calibre. -Frazer R. Pearce, Contemporary Physics, June 2012

I Detection of Extra-Solar Planets: Methods and Observations
1(78)
Detection of extra-solar planets in wide-field transit surveys
3(14)
1 Introduction
3(1)
2 Observations and data reduction
4(1)
3 Zero-point correction and data weights
5(1)
4 Removal of correlated systematic errors
6(2)
5 Characterising red noise
8(1)
6 Transit-search algorithms
9(1)
7 Estimation of system parameters
10(2)
8 Markov-chain Monte-Carlo modelling
12(2)
9 Candidate selection
14(1)
10 Conclusions
14(3)
The theory of planet detection by gravitational microlensing: blips and dips from the gravitational bending of light
17(18)
1 Gravitational bending of light
17(1)
2 Gravitational microlensing
18(4)
2.1 Lens equation
18(2)
2.2 Image distortion and magnification
20(1)
2.3 Microlensing light curves
21(1)
3 Microlensing event rate
22(1)
4 Where to find planets
23(2)
5 Binary microlenses
25(3)
6 Planetary microlensing
28(7)
6.1 Images and caustics
28(1)
6.2 Excess magnification
28(2)
6.3 Light curves and planet detection
30(5)
The practice of planet detection by gravitational microlensing: studying cool planets around low-mass stars
35(14)
1 Gravitational microlensing events
35(1)
2 Microlensing planet searches
36(2)
3 Detection efficiency and abundance limits
38(1)
4 The first planet detections
38(3)
5 Probing planet parameter space
41(1)
6 Planetary census
42(2)
7 Planets of Earth mass and below
44(5)
Modelling spectroscopic and polarimetric signatures of exoplanets
49(30)
1 Introduction
49(3)
2 Describing and calculating planetary radiation
52(12)
2.1 Flux and polarization
52(1)
2.2 Planetary radiation
53(3)
2.3 Reflected starlight
56(2)
2.4 Radiative transfer parameters
58(5)
2.5 Radiative transfer algorithms
63(1)
3 Flux and polarization spectra
64(10)
3.1 Observations of the Earth
64(4)
3.2 Simulations of exoplanet spectra
68(6)
4 Summary
74(5)
II Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems
79(70)
Proto-planetary discs-current problems and directions
81(10)
1 Introduction
81(2)
2 Disc properties
83(3)
2.1 Disc masses and sizes
84(2)
3 Effects of planet formation in discs
86(3)
3.1 Expected outcomes
87(1)
3.2 Imaging planet-formation
88(1)
4 Summary
89(2)
Debris discs and planetary environments
91(10)
1 Introduction
91(2)
2 Disc observations
93(4)
2.1 Examples
94(2)
2.2 Trends
96(1)
3 Theoretical interpretation
97(1)
4 Planetary signatures
98(1)
5 Astrobiological implications
99(1)
6 Summary and Future
99(2)
Dynamical evolution of planetary systems
101(22)
1 Planet formation
101(4)
1.1 Constraints from observations of protoplanetary disks
102(1)
1.2 Classical planet formation via sequential accretion
103(1)
1.3 Chaotic phase of planet formation
104(1)
2 New wrinkles to planet formation theory
105(5)
2.1 Orbital Migration
105(2)
2.2 Eccentricity excitation
107(1)
2.3 Passing stars and wide binary companions
108(1)
2.4 Planet-planet interactions
108(2)
2.5 Additional proposed mechanisms
110(1)
3 Multiple planet systems
110(5)
3.1 Classes of multiple planet systems
111(2)
3.2 Multiple planet systems: probes of planet formation
113(2)
4 Future tests of planet formation models
115(8)
4.1 Radial velocity observations
115(1)
4.2 Transit searches
116(1)
4.3 Long-term
117(6)
Late stages of solar system formation and implications for extra-solar systems
123(26)
1 Formation stages of planetary systems
123(2)
2 Planet migration
125(7)
2.1 Gas-driven migration
126(5)
2.2 Planetesimals-driven migration
131(1)
3 Probing the history of the solar system
132(11)
3.1 The Nice model
135(5)
3.2 Connection with the gas-rich era
140(3)
4 Implications for extra-solar systems
143(2)
5 Summary
145(4)
III Dynamics of Planetary Systems
149(136)
A brief account of mutual planetary perturbations
151(18)
1 Introduction
151(1)
2 Review of Kepler two-body motion
152(4)
2.1 The orbit in general
152(1)
2.2 The elliptic orbit
153(1)
2.3 The orbit in time
154(1)
2.4 The orientation of the orbit in space
155(1)
3 Perturbed elliptic motion
156(3)
3.1 The main features of the disturbing function
158(1)
4 The canonical form of the equations of motion
159(10)
4.1 Lie series transformations
159(2)
4.2 A Canonical formulation of an n-planet system
161(1)
4.3 Separation of the short-period terms from the long-period problem
162(1)
4.4 Solution of the long-period part
163(3)
4.5 Properties of the complete solution
166(1)
4.6 Small-integer commensurabilities
166(3)
Fundamentals of regularization in celestial mechanics and linear perturbation theories
169(16)
1 Introduction
169(1)
2 Planar Kepler motion
170(2)
3 The Levi-Civita transformation
172(3)
3.1 First step: slow-motion movie
173(1)
3.2 Second step: conformal squaring
173(1)
3.3 Third step: fixing the energy
174(1)
4 Spatial regularization with quaternions
175(5)
4.1 Basics
175(2)
4.2 The KS map in the language of quaternions
177(1)
4.3 The inverse map
178(1)
4.4 The regularization procedure with quaternions
178(2)
5 The perturbed spatial Kepler problem
180(3)
5.1 Osculating elements
182(1)
6 Conclusions
183(2)
Mechanisms for the production of chaos in dynamical systems
185(26)
1 Introduction
185(3)
2 The homoclinic tangle of hyperbolic saddle points
188(2)
3 The Smale horseshoe
190(6)
4 Chaotic dynamics in the homoclinic tangles
196(1)
5 From chaos to diffusion in two dimesional systems
197(3)
6 Diffusion in higher dimensional systems: the Arnold's model for diffusions
200(1)
7 Arnold diffusion in a quasi integrable 4D system
201(4)
8 An application to our planetary system
205(6)
Extra-solar multiplanet systems
211(30)
1 Introduction
211(1)
2 Class I. Planets in close orbits
212(7)
2.1 Class Ia. Planets in resonant orbits (MMR)
215(2)
2.2 Class Ib. Low-eccentricity near-resonant pairs
217(2)
3 Class II. Non-resonant planets with significant secular dynamics
219(2)
4 Class III. Weakly-interacting planet pairs
221(1)
5 Equations of motion for N planets
222(1)
5.1 Astrocentric equations of motion
223(1)
6 Reduction of the Hamiltonian equations
223(5)
6.1 Jacobi's canonical coordinates
224(3)
6.2 Poincare's relative canonical coordinates
227(1)
7 Action-angle variables: Delaunay elements
228(3)
8 Keplerian elements
231(2)
8.1 Application to Jacobi's and Poincare's canonical variables
232(1)
9 Kepler's third law
233(1)
10 Conservation of angular momentum
234(7)
The stability of terrestrial planets in planetary systems
241(18)
1 Introduction
241(1)
2 The dynamical models
241(3)
3 Numerical methods and analysis of the results
244(2)
4 Regions of motion of terrestrial planets in habitable zones of EPS
246(11)
4.1 Terrestrial planets in the IHZ
246(1)
4.2 Terrestrial planets in the THZ
247(2)
4.3 Terrestrial planets in double stars
249(8)
5 Summary
257(2)
Did the two Earth poles move widely 13,000 years ago? An astrodynamical study of the Earth's rotation
259(26)
1 Introduction
259(2)
1.1 Preliminary notice (numeration system)
260(1)
2 Why this study?
261(10)
2.1 The geographical extension of the last ice age
261(1)
2.2 The concept of a stable equilibrium position of the poles
262(9)
3 The matrix Mc before the melting of the last ice age
271(11)
3.1 The effect of isostasy
271(6)
3.2 Estimation of the Earth inertia matrix Mc1 during the last ice age
277(5)
4 Are such fast and large moves of the poles possible?
282(1)
5 The age of natural disasters
282(1)
6 Conclusion
283(2)
List of Participants 285(2)
Index 287
B.A. Steves is a professor of mathematical astronomy and director of the Graduate School at Glasgow Caledonian University. Her research interests include celestial mechanics, solar system dynamics, stability and chaotic behavior of stellar clusters, extra-solar planets, and other few body systems.





M. Hendry is a senior lecturer in astronomy at the University of Glasgow. His main research interests involve the precise determination of the size and age of the Universe, testing theories for the formation and evolution of galaxies, and new applications of gravitational lensing.





A.C. Cameron is a professor of astronomy at the University of St. Andrews. His research encompasses the areas of extra-solar planets and cool stars.
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