Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

E-raamat: Extrusion: The Definitive Processing Guide and Handbook

4.00/5 (2 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)
, (Crescent Associates, Inc., Rochester, NY, USA),
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Plastics Design Library
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Sep-2013
  • Kirjastus: William Andrew Publishing
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781437734829
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
  • Hind: 265,52 €*
  • * hind on lõplik, st. muud allahindlused enam ei rakendu
  • Lisa ostukorvi
  • Lisa soovinimekirja
  • See e-raamat on mõeldud ainult isiklikuks kasutamiseks. E-raamatuid ei saa tagastada.
Extrusion: The Definitive Processing Guide and HandbookSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Plastics Design Library
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Sep-2013
  • Kirjastus: William Andrew Publishing
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781437734829
Teised raamatud teemal:

DRM piirangud

  • Kopeerimine (copy/paste):

    ei ole lubatud

  • Printimine:

    ei ole lubatud

  • Kasutamine:

    Digitaalõiguste kaitse (DRM)
    Kirjastus on väljastanud selle e-raamatu krüpteeritud kujul, mis tähendab, et selle lugemiseks peate installeerima spetsiaalse tarkvara. Samuti peate looma endale  Adobe ID Rohkem infot siin. E-raamatut saab lugeda 1 kasutaja ning alla laadida kuni 6'de seadmesse (kõik autoriseeritud sama Adobe ID-ga).

    Vajalik tarkvara
    Mobiilsetes seadmetes (telefon või tahvelarvuti) lugemiseks peate installeerima selle tasuta rakenduse: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    PC või Mac seadmes lugemiseks peate installima Adobe Digital Editionsi (Seeon tasuta rakendus spetsiaalselt e-raamatute lugemiseks. Seda ei tohi segamini ajada Adober Reader'iga, mis tõenäoliselt on juba teie arvutisse installeeritud )

    Seda e-raamatut ei saa lugeda Amazon Kindle's. 

The second edition of Extrusion is designed to aid operators, engineers, and managers in extrusion processing in quickly answering practical day-to-day questions. The first part of the book provides the fundamental principles, for operators and engineers, of polymeric materials extrusion processing in single and twin screw extruders. The next section covers advanced topics including troubleshooting, auxiliary equipment, and coextrusion for operators, engineers, and managers. The final part provides applications case studies in key areas for engineers such as compounding, blown film, extrusion blow molding, coating, foam, and reprocessing.

This practical guide to extrusion brings together both equipment and materials processing aspects. It covers basic and advanced topics, for reference and training, in thermoplastics processing in the extruder. Detailed reference data are provided on such important operating conditions as temperatures, start-up procedures, shear rates, pressure drops, and safety.

  • A practical guide to the selection, design and optimization of extrusion processes and equipment
  • Designed to improve production efficiency and product quality
  • Focuses on practical fault analysis and troubleshooting techniques

Muu info

A practical handbook for a major area of plastics processing, the authors' focus on fault analysis and troubleshooting is targeted at practicing engineers, and directly impacts the bottom line by improving production efficiency and product quality.
Preface to Second Edition xv
Preface to First Edition xv
Obituary xvi
I Single Screw Extrusion
1(108)
1 Extrusion Process
3(10)
1.1 Raw Material Supply
4(1)
1.2 Raw Material Blending and Mixing
4(2)
1.3 Drying
6(1)
1.4 Feeding Polymer to the Extruder
7(1)
1.5 Extrusion
8(3)
1.6 Secondary Operations
11(1)
1.7 Inspection, Packaging, and Shipping
11(2)
2 Extruder Safety
13(4)
2.1 Hazards Associated with an Extruder
13(2)
2.2 Proper Training
15(1)
2.3 Inspection and Housekeeping
15(1)
2.4 Material Safety
15(2)
3 Single Screw Extruder: Equipment
17(30)
3.1 Introduction
17(1)
3.2 Equipment
17(2)
3.3 Drive
19(1)
3.4 Feed
20(2)
3.5 Screw, Barrel, and Heaters
22(6)
3.6 Die and Adapter
28(4)
3.7 Controls
32(11)
3.8 Extruder Devolatilization
43(1)
3.9 Vertical Extruders
44(3)
References
45(2)
4 Plastic Behavior in the Extruder
47(24)
4.1 Feed Zone
47(6)
4.2 Polymer Melting or Plastication
53(2)
4.3 Melt Conveying
55(1)
4.4 Mixing
56(4)
4.5 Extruder Throughput Calculations
60(2)
4.6 Devolatilization
62(1)
4.7 Die
63(8)
References
68(3)
5 Screw Design
71(18)
5.1 Barrier Screw
74(3)
5.2 Mixing Screw
77(3)
5.3 Screw Wear
80(5)
5.4 Screw Compression Ratios
85(1)
5.5 Screw Performance
85(1)
5.6 Summary
86(3)
References
86(3)
6 Processing Conditions
89(12)
6.1 Extruder Temperature Profiles
89(2)
6.2 Extruder or Production Run Setup
91(2)
6.3 Start-Up
93(1)
6.4 Steady-State Operation
93(1)
6.5 Shutdown and Product Changes
94(7)
References
98(3)
7 Scale-Up
101(4)
References
104(1)
8 Shear Rates, Pressure Drops, and Other Extruder Calculations
105(4)
8.1 Shear Rates
105(2)
8.2 Extruder Screw Calculations
107(1)
8.3 Different Extruder Section Output Calculations
107(2)
References
108(1)
II Twin Screw Extrusion
109(98)
9 Twin Screw Extrusion Process
111(10)
9.1 Raw Material Supply
112(1)
9.2 Raw Material Blending and Mixing
112(2)
9.3 Drying and Devolatilization
114(2)
9.4 Feeding Polymer to the Extruder
116(1)
9.5 Extrusion
116(3)
9.6 Secondary Operations
119(1)
9.7 Inspection, Packaging, and Shipping
119(2)
References
119(2)
10 Extruder Safety
121(4)
10.1 Hazards Associated with an Extruder
121(2)
10.2 Personal Protective Equipment
123(1)
10.3 Lock-Out, Tag, and Clear Procedure
123(1)
10.4 Proper Training
123(1)
10.5 Inspection and Housekeeping
123(1)
10.6 Material Safety
124(1)
11 Twin Screw Extruder Equipment
125(24)
11.1 Drive
135(1)
11.2 Feed
136(3)
11.3 Screw and Barrel Heating and Cooling
139(5)
11.4 Die and Adapter
144(1)
11.5 Controls
144(5)
References
147(2)
12 Plastic Behavior in Twin Screw Extruders
149(22)
12.1 Feed
149(3)
12.2 Plasticating and Melting
152(2)
12.3 Melt Conveying
154(1)
12.4 Mixing
154(3)
12.5 Downstream Feeding
157(2)
12.6 Devolatilization
159(1)
12.7 Pumping
160(1)
12.8 Die
161(5)
12.9 Melt Pressure Profile
166(1)
12.10 Residence Time
167(4)
References
168(3)
13 Screw Design
171(10)
13.1 Conveying
171(2)
13.2 Mixing Elements
173(2)
13.3 Screw Design Applications
175(6)
Reference
178(3)
14 Processing Conditions
181(12)
14.1 Extruder Temperature Profile
181(1)
14.2 Screw Speed
182(2)
14.3 Process Variables
184(1)
14.4 Extruder or Production Run Setup
184(1)
14.5 Start-Up
185(1)
14.6 Steady-State Operation
186(1)
14.7 Shutdown and Product Changes
186(7)
15 Applications
193(6)
15.1 Compounding
193(2)
15.2 Reactive Extrusion and Devolatilization
195(1)
15.3 Profile and Other Twin Screw Extrusion Applications
196(3)
References
197(2)
16 Scale-Up
199(4)
17 Shear Rate, Pressure Drop, and Other Extruder Calculations
203(4)
17.1 Shear Rates
203(2)
17.2 Extruder Calculations
205(1)
17.3 Other Calculations
206(1)
References
206(1)
III Polymeric Materials
207(70)
18 Polymer Overview and Definitions
209(16)
18.1 Overview
209(3)
18.2 Thermoplastic versus Thermoset
212(1)
18.3 Polymer Formation
213(2)
18.4 Molecular Weight
215(5)
18.5 Copolymers
220(1)
18.6 Polymer Structures
220(5)
19 Polymer Structure
225(8)
19.1 Amorphous Polymers
225(2)
19.2 Semicrystalline Polymers
227(2)
19.3 Comparison of Semicrystalline and Amorphous Polymers
229(2)
19.4 Crystallinity Measurement
231(1)
19.5 Polyethylene Crystallinity
231(1)
19.6 Polypropylene Crystallinity
231(1)
19.7 Polystyrene Crystallinity
231(2)
20 Polymer Rheology
233(8)
20.1 Definitions
234(1)
20.2 Measurement
234(3)
20.3 Viscosity in Extrusion
237(4)
References
240(1)
21 Testing Properties
241(14)
21.1 Density and Specific Gravity
242(1)
21.2 Melt Flow Index
243(1)
21.3 Tensile
244(2)
21.4 Flexural Test
246(1)
21.5 Compressive Strength
246(1)
21.6 Heat Deflection Temperature
246(1)
21.7 Long-Term Heat Aging
247(1)
21.8 Thermal Properties
247(1)
21.9 Time--Temperature Relationship
248(1)
21.10 Izod Impact
249(1)
21.11 Charpy
250(1)
21.12 Comparative Thermoplastic Properties
250(1)
21.13 Polymer Additives
250(2)
21.14 Drying
252(3)
22 Processing Recommendations for Various Resin Systems
255(22)
22.1 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
255(2)
22.2 Polyamide
257(2)
22.3 Polyethylene
259(3)
22.4 Polymethyl Methacrylate (Acrylic)
262(1)
22.5 Polypropylene
263(1)
22.6 Polycarbonate
264(1)
22.7 Polystyrene
265(1)
22.8 Polyvinyl Chloride
266(2)
22.9 Polyester
268(1)
22.10 Fluoropolymers
269(8)
References
274(3)
IV Troubleshooting the Extrusion Process
277(98)
23 Problem Solving
279(6)
24 Five-Step Problem Solving Process
285(6)
24.1 Problem Definition
285(1)
24.2 Fix the Problem
286(1)
24.3 Identify the Root Cause
287(1)
24.4 Take Corrective Action
288(1)
24.5 Process Monitoring
288(3)
Reference
289(2)
25 Design of Experiments
291(18)
25.1 DOE Process
291(4)
25.2 Experimental Design
295(4)
25.3 Experiments
299(10)
References
307(2)
26 Quality
309(6)
26.1 Statistical Process Control
310(2)
26.2 Process Capability
312(3)
References
313(2)
27 Troubleshooting Mechanical Extrusion Problems
315(14)
27.1 Problem 1---Extruder Screw Does Not Turn
315(1)
27.2 Problem 2---DC Motor Will Not Start
316(1)
27.3 Problem 3---Drive Train Problems
316(1)
27.4 Problem 4---Rupture Disk Failure in the Barrel
317(1)
27.5 Problem 5---Barrel/Screw Wear
318(1)
27.6 Problem 6---Screw Turns and No Material Exits the Die
319(1)
27.7 Problem 7---Extruder Shuts Itself Off
319(1)
27.8 Problem 8---Melt Flows Out of the Barrel Vent
320(1)
27.9 Problem 9---Leaking Polymer at the Breaker Plate or Die
321(1)
27.10 Problem 10---Extruder Throughput Rate is Lower than Anticipated
322(1)
27.11 Problem 11---Temperature Overrides Set Point
323(1)
27.12 Problem 12---Extruder Surging Caused by the Equipment
324(1)
27.13 Problem 13---Poor or Insufficient Polymer Mixing
325(1)
27.14 Problem 14---Throughput Variation Over Time
326(3)
References
326(3)
28 Troubleshooting Extrusion Product Problems
329(16)
28.1 Problem 1---Product Surging
329(1)
28.2 Problem 2---Variation in the Product Over Time
330(1)
28.3 Problem 3---Random Product Variation
331(1)
28.4 Problem 4---Streaks in the Product Caused by Poor Mixing
331(1)
28.5 Problem 5---Variation in Product Strength
332(2)
28.6 Problem 6---Product Degradation
334(1)
28.7 Problem 7---Dull Streaks
334(2)
28.8 Problem 8---Machine Direction Die Lines
336(1)
28.9 Problem 9---Color Contamination
336(1)
28.10 Problem 10---Holes in Extrudate
337(1)
28.11 Problem 11---Gels
338(1)
28.12 Problem 12---Gauge Variations
339(1)
28.13 Problem 13---Weld Lines
339(1)
28.14 Problem 14---Weak Film or Coating
340(1)
28.15 Problem 15---Warpage
341(2)
28.16 Problem 16---Sink
343(2)
29 Troubleshooting Sheet Extrusion
345(14)
29.1 Mechanical Problems and Solutions
345(5)
29.2 Product Problems and Solutions
350(9)
30 Troubleshooting Cast Film
359(6)
30.1 Problem 1---Molten Web Tears Easily When Exiting the Die
359(1)
30.2 Problem 2---Film Thickness Variation
360(1)
30.3 Problem 3---Lines, Streaks, and Foreign Contamination
361(1)
30.4 Problem 4---Extrudate Width is Too Narrow
361(1)
30.5 Problem 5---Wrinkles are Formed in the Film
362(1)
30.6 Problem 6---Roughness on Film Due to Melt Fracture
362(3)
31 Troubleshooting Blown Film
365(6)
31.1 Problem 1---Bubble Instability
365(1)
31.2 Problem 2---Gauge Variation Around the Circumference
366(2)
31.3 Problem 3---Wrinkles
368(1)
31.4 Problem 4---Lines, Streaks, or Film Contamination
368(1)
31.5 Problem 5---Rough Film Due to Melt Fracture
369(2)
References
369(2)
32 Troubleshooting Profile and Pipe
371(4)
32.1 Problem 1---Excessive Wall Thickness or Thinness
371(1)
32.2 Problem 2---Wavy Surface Inside the Pipe or Tubing
372(1)
32.3 Problem 3---Weld or Knit Line Weakness
373(1)
32.4 Problem 4---Nonuniform Resin Velocity from a Profile Die
373(2)
V Auxiliary Equipment
375(62)
33 Feed Systems
377(22)
33.1 Feed System
377(3)
33.2 Blending Systems for Single Screw Extrusion
380(8)
33.3 Feeders
388(11)
References
397(2)
34 Drying
399(10)
34.1 Drying Definitions and Factors Affecting Drying
401(2)
34.2 Types of Drying Equipment
403(4)
34.3 Purchasing a Dryer
407(2)
References
408(1)
35 Screen Changers
409(8)
35.1 Breaker Plate with Screens
411(1)
35.2 Manual Screen Changer
411(1)
35.3 Hydraulic Screen Changer
412(1)
35.4 Double Bolt Screen Changer
413(2)
35.5 Ribbon-Type Screens
415(1)
35.6 Rotary Disk Screen Changer
415(2)
References
416(1)
36 Gear Pumps
417(8)
36.1 Gear Pump System
418(2)
36.2 Drive and Control System
420(2)
36.3 Potential Gear Pump Problems
422(1)
36.4 Applications
423(2)
References
424(1)
37 Granulators
425(6)
38 Chillers and Heaters
431(6)
38.1 Chillers
431(2)
38.2 Heaters
433(4)
Reference
434(3)
VI Coextrusion
437(66)
39 Screw Cleaning and Purge Compounds
439(10)
39.1 Purge
439(5)
39.2 Mechanical Cleaning
444(5)
References
447(2)
40 Coextrusion Applications
449(18)
40.1 Film
450(10)
40.2 Sheet
460(2)
40.3 Pipe, Tubing, and Profile
462(2)
40.4 Wire Coating
464(1)
40.5 Large-Part Blow Molding
464(3)
References
465(2)
41 Feedblocks and Dies
467(10)
41.1 Feedblocks
467(2)
41.2 Multimanifold Dies
469(5)
41.3 Feedblock Combined with a Manifold Die
474(1)
41.4 Computer-Aided Design
474(3)
References
475(2)
42 Polymer Selection for Coextrusion
477(12)
42.1 Melt Viscosity Matching
477(2)
42.2 Interfacial Instability
479(10)
References
486(3)
43 Troubleshooting Coextrusion
489(14)
43.1 Problem 1---Nonuniform Cross or Transverse Direction Layer Thickness
489(1)
43.2 Problem 2---Nonuniform MD Layer Thickness
490(1)
43.3 Problem 3---Interfacial Instability
491(1)
43.4 Problem 4---Repetitive Layer Thickness Variations
492(1)
43.5 Problem 5---Layer Rearrangement
493(1)
43.6 Problem 6---Layers Are Not the Correct Thickness
494(1)
43.7 Problem 7---Poor Adhesion between Layers in a Structure
495(1)
43.8 Problem 8---Structural Integrity Problems from Recycle
495(1)
43.9 Problem 9---Haze Level is Higher than Anticipated
496(1)
43.10 Problem 10---Product Discoloration
497(1)
43.11 Problem 11---Gel or Lump Formation
497(1)
43.12 Problem 12---Warpage
498(1)
43.13 Problem 13---Regrind Utilization
499(4)
VII Extrusion Applications
503(114)
44 Compounding
505(12)
44.1 Pelletizing Process
505(8)
44.2 Operation
513(4)
References
514(3)
45 Sheet and Cast Film
517(22)
45.1 Sheet
517(13)
45.2 Cast Film
530(9)
References
537(2)
46 Blown Film
539(12)
46.1 Die
540(2)
46.2 Cooling
542(1)
46.3 Blown Film Tower
543(2)
46.4 Winders
545(1)
46.5 Gauging
545(1)
46.6 Operation
545(6)
References
549(2)
47 Extrusion Coating and Lamination
551(4)
48 Wire and Cable Coating
555(6)
48.1 Pretreatment
556(1)
48.2 Die
557(2)
48.3 Downstream Equipment
559(1)
48.4 Polymers
560(1)
Reference
560(1)
49 Profile Extrusion
561(12)
49.1 Die
562(4)
49.2 Calibration and Cooling Tank
566(3)
49.3 Puller
569(1)
49.4 Cutters
570(1)
49.5 Thermoplastic Materials
571(2)
References
571(2)
50 Pipe and Tubing Extrusion
573(12)
50.1 Die
574(2)
50.2 Cooling and Sizing
576(3)
50.3 Puller
579(2)
50.4 Packaging
581(1)
50.5 Scale-Up
582(3)
References
582(3)
51 Monofilaments
585(8)
51.1 Die
586(1)
51.2 Quench Tank
587(1)
51.3 Drawing Unit with Ovens
588(1)
51.4 On-Line Gauging
589(1)
51.5 Creel
590(1)
51.6 Testing
590(3)
Reference
590(3)
52 Extrusion Blow Molding
593(10)
52.1 Parison Delivery System
594(1)
52.2 Tooling
595(4)
52.3 Materials
599(1)
52.4 Equipment Selection
600(3)
References
600(3)
53 Foam Extrusion
603(6)
53.1 Blowing Agents
604(2)
53.2 Downstream Equipment
606(1)
53.3 Microcellular Foam
606(3)
References
607(2)
54 Solid Stock Shapes
609(4)
55 Reprocessing
613(4)
Reference
614(3)
Index 617
John Wagner is a Director of Crescent Associates, Inc., which specializes in plastic films and flexible packaging. He holds numerous patents on flexible packaging films and coating technology, has contributed to and co-edited The SPE Guide on Extrusion Technology and Troubleshooting and The Plastics Technicians Toolbox-Extrusion, and is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Plastic Film and Sheeting. He is on the SPE Extrusion Division Board of Directors.
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/97814377348292e.html
Märksõnad: