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E-raamat: Fast Circuit Boards: Energy Management

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Dec-2017
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119413929
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Dec-2017
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119413929

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An essential guide to modern circuit board design based on simple physics and practical applications 

The fundamentals taught in circuit theory were never intended to work above a few megahertz, let alone at a gigahertz. While electronics is grounded in physics, most engineers’ education in this area is too general and mathematical to be easily applied to the problem of high speed circuits. Left to their own devices, many engineers produce layouts that require expensive revisions in order to finally meet specifications.

Fast Circuit Boards fills the gap in knowledge by providing clear, down-to-earth guidance on designing digital circuit boards that function at high clock rates. By making the direct connection between physics and fast circuits, this book instills the fundamental universal principles of information transfer to give engineers a solid basis for hardware design. Using simple tools, simple physics, and simple language, this invaluable resource walks through basic electrostatics, magnetics, wave mechanics, and more to bring the right technology down to the working level.

Designed to be directly relevant and immediately useful to circuit board designers, this book:

  • Properly explains the problems of fast logic and the appropriate tools
  • Applies basic principles of physics to the art of laying out circuit boards
  • Simplifies essential concepts scaled up to the gigahertz level, saving time, money, and the need for revisions
  • Goes beyond circuit theory to provide a deep, intuitive understanding of the mechanisms at work
  • Demonstrates energy management’s role in board design through step function-focused transmission line techniques

Engineers and technicians seeking a more systematic approach to board design and a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles at work will find tremendous value in this highly practical, long-awaited text.

Preface ix
1 Electric and Magnetic Fields
1(42)
1.1 Introduction
2(6)
1.2 Electrons and the Force Field
8(3)
1.3 The Electric Field and Voltage
11(3)
1.4 Electric Field Patterns and Charge Distributions
14(3)
1.5 Field Energy
17(2)
1.6 Dielectrics
19(1)
1.7 Capacitance
20(1)
1.8 Capacitors
21(1)
1.9 The D or Displacement Field
21(1)
1.10 Mutual and Self Capacitance
22(1)
1.11 Current Flow in a Capacitance
23(1)
1.12 The Magnetic Field
24(3)
1.13 The B Field of Induction
27(1)
1.14 Inductance
28(2)
1.15 Inductors
30(2)
1.16 The Inductance of a Solenoid in Air
32(1)
1.17 Magnetic Field Energy Stored in Space
33(1)
1.18 Mutual Inductance
34(1)
1.19 Transformer Action
35(1)
1.20 Poynting's Vector
35(1)
1.21 Resistors and Resistance
36(7)
Problem Set
39(1)
Glossary
39(3)
Answers to Problems
42(1)
2 Transmission Lines---Part 1
43(32)
2.1 Introduction
43(1)
2.2 The Ideal World
44(1)
2.3 Transmission Line Representations
45(2)
2.4 Characteristic Impedance
47(1)
2.5 Waves and Wave Velocity
48(2)
2.6 The Balance of Field Energies
50(1)
2.7 A Few Comments on Transmission Lines
51(1)
2.8 The Propagation of a Wave on a Transmission Line
51(2)
2.9 Initial Wave Action
53(2)
2.10 Reflections and Transmissions at Impedance Transitions
55(2)
2.11 The Unterminated (Open) Transmission Line
57(4)
2.12 The Short-Circuited Transmission Line
61(1)
2.13 Voltage Doubling and Rise Time
61(3)
2.14 Matched Shunt Terminated Transmission Lines
64(4)
2.15 Matched Series Terminated Transmission Lines
68(1)
2.16 Extending a Transmission Line
69(1)
2.17 Skin Effect
70(5)
Problem Set
71(1)
Glossary
72(2)
Answers to Problems
74(1)
3 Transmission Lines---Part 2
75(30)
3.1 Introduction
75(1)
3.2 Energy Sources
75(2)
3.3 The Ground Plane/Power Plane as an Energy Source
77(1)
3.4 What Is a Capacitor?
77(2)
3.5 Turning Corners
79(1)
3.6 Practical Transmissions
80(1)
3.7 Radiation and Transmission Lines
81(2)
3.8 Multilayer Circuit Boards
83(2)
3.9 Vias
85(1)
3.10 Layer Crossings
85(2)
3.11 Vias and Stripline
87(1)
3.12 Stripline and the Power Plane
87(1)
3.13 Stubs
88(1)
3.14 Traces and Ground (Power) Plane Breaks
89(1)
3.15 Characteristic Impedance of Traces
89(1)
3.16 Microstrip
90(3)
3.17 Centered Stripline
93(1)
3.18 Asymmetric Stripline
94(1)
3.19 Two-Layer Boards
95(1)
3.20 Sine Waves on Transmission Lines
95(1)
3.21 Shielded Cables
96(1)
3.22 Coax
97(1)
3.23 Transfer Impedance
97(3)
3.24 Waveguides
100(1)
3.25 Balanced Lines
101(1)
3.26 Circuit Board Materials
101(4)
Problem Set
102(1)
Glossary
102(2)
Answers to Problems
104(1)
4 Interference
105(20)
4.1 Introduction
105(1)
4.2 Radiation---General Comments
106(1)
4.3 The Impedance of Space
107(1)
4.4 Field Coupling to Open Parallel Conductors (Sine Waves)
107(1)
4.5 Cross-Coupling
108(2)
4.6 Shielding---General Comments
110(1)
4.7 Even-Mode Rejection
111(1)
4.8 Ground---A General Discussion
112(3)
4.9 Grounds on Circuit Boards
115(1)
4.10 Equipment Ground
116(1)
4.11 Guard Shields
116(1)
4.12 Forward Referencing Amplifiers
117(1)
4.13 A/D Converters
118(1)
4.14 Utility Transformers and Interference
118(1)
4.15 Shielding of Distribution Power Transformers
119(1)
4.16 Electrostatic Discharge
120(2)
4.17 Aliasing Errors
122(3)
Glossary
123(2)
5 Radiation
125(18)
5.1 Introduction
125(1)
5.2 Standing Wave Ratio
126(1)
5.3 The Transmission Coefficient τ
127(1)
5.4 The Smith Chart
127(3)
5.5 Smith Chart and Wave Impedances (Sine Waves)
130(3)
5.6 Stubs and Impedance Matching
133(1)
5.7 Radiation---General Comments
134(1)
5.8 Radiation from Dipoles
134(2)
5.9 Radiation from Loops
136(1)
5.10 Effective Radiated Power for Sinusoids
137(1)
5.11 Apertures
137(1)
5.12 Honeycomb Filters
138(1)
5.13 Shielded Enclosures
139(1)
5.14 Screened Rooms
139(1)
5.15 Line Filters
140(3)
Glossary
141(2)
Appendix A Sine Waves in Circuits
143(16)
A.1 Introduction
143(1)
A.2 Unit Circle and Sine Waves
143(2)
A.3 Angles, Frequency, and rms
145(2)
A.4 The Reactance of an Inductor
147(1)
A.5 The Reactance of a Capacitor
148(2)
A.6 An Inductor and a Resistor in Series
150(1)
A.7 A Capacitor and a Resistor in Series
151(1)
A.8 The Arithmetic of Complex Numbers
152(1)
A.9 Resistance, Conductance, Susceptance, Reactance, Admittance, and Impedance
153(2)
A.10 Resonance
155(1)
A.11 Answers to Problems
156(3)
Appendix B Square-Wave Frequency Spectrum
159(4)
B.1 Introduction
159(1)
B.2 Ideal Square Waves
159(2)
B.3 Square Waves with a Rise Time
161(2)
Appendix C The Decibel
163(2)
Appendix D Abbreviations and Acronyms
165(8)
Index 173
RALPH MORRISON, MS, EE, is a consultant and lecturer in the area of interference control and electronics. As the former president of Instrum, he has thirty years of design and consulting experience, and is the author of Noise and Other Interfering Signals, Grounding and Shielding in Facilities, and Solving Interference Problems in Electronics.