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E-raamat: Fast and Effective Embedded Systems Design: Applying the ARM mbed

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(Freelance technical author and educator), (Professor of Creative Industries at the University of Westminster, London, UK.)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jul-2012
  • Kirjastus: Newnes (an imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd )
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080977690
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Fast and Effective Embedded Systems Design: Applying the ARM mbedSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jul-2012
  • Kirjastus: Newnes (an imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd )
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080977690
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Fast and Effective Embedded Systems Design is a fast-moving introduction to embedded system design, applying the innovative ARM mbed and its web-based development environment. Each chapter introduces a major topic in embedded systems, and proceeds as a series of practical experiments, adopting a "learning through doing" strategy. Minimal background knowledge is needed. C/C++ programming is applied, with a step-by-step approach which allows the novice to get coding quickly. Once the basics are covered, the book progresses to some "hot" embedded issues intelligent instrumentation, networked systems, closed loop control, and digital signal processing.

Written by two experts in the field, this book reflects on the experimental results, develops and matches theory to practice, evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the technology or technique introduced, and considers applications and the wider context. Numerous exercises and end of chapter questions are included.

Arvustused

"The authors address a wide range of topics, including digital and analog input and output, interrupts, LCDs, and digital signal processing. The book provides deep insights into computer architecture, memory management, and input/output processesOverall, this is a great book for computer hobbyists, embedded systems engineers, and students." --ComputingReviews.com, October 2013

"Toulsonand Wilmshurstexplain how to program circuits on ARM's mbed microprocessor-based hardware platform and provide instructions for building a digital-to-analog converter, serial data links, and a liquid crystal display." --Reference and Research Book News, February 2013

Muu info

Understand the complete cycle of embedded software development, from initial concepts to applications to future trends
Introduction xv
Acknowledgements xix
PART I Essentials of Embedded Systems, using the mbed
Chapter 1 Embedded Systems, Microcontrollers and ARM
3(14)
1.1 Introducing Embedded Systems
3(3)
1.1.1 What is an Embedded System?
3(2)
1.1.2 An Example Embedded System
5(1)
1.2 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
6(3)
1.2.1 Some Computer Essentials
7(1)
1.2.2 The Microcontroller
8(1)
1.3 Development Processes in Embedded Systems
9(2)
1.3.1 Programming Languages: What is so Special about C/C++?
9(1)
1.3.2 The Development Cycle
10(1)
1.4 The World of ARM
11(6)
1.4.1 A Little History
12(1)
1.4.2 Some Technical Detail: What does this RISC Word Mean?
13(1)
1.4.3 The Cortex Core
14(1)
Chapter Review
15(1)
Quiz
15(1)
References
16(1)
Chapter 2 Introducing the mbed
17(12)
2.1 Introducing the mbed
17(5)
2.1.1 The mbed Architecture
19(2)
2.1.2 The LPC1768 Microcontroller
21(1)
2.2 Getting Started with the mbed: A Tutorial
22(3)
Step 1 Connecting the mbed to the PC
22(1)
Step 2 Creating an mbed Account
23(1)
Step 3 Running a Program
23(1)
Step 4 Compiling the Program
24(1)
Step 5 Downloading the Program Binary Code
25(1)
Step 6 Modifying the Program Code
25(1)
2.3 The Development Environment
25(4)
2.3.1 The mbed Compiler and API
25(1)
2.3.2 Using C/C++
26(1)
Chapter Review
26(1)
Quiz
27(1)
References
27(2)
Chapter 3 Digital Input and Output
29(28)
3.1 Starting to Program
29(5)
3.1.1 Thinking about the First Program
30(2)
3.1.2 Understanding the mbed API
32(1)
3.1.3 Exploring the while Loop
33(1)
3.2 Voltages as Logic Values
34(2)
3.3 Digital Output on the mbed
36(3)
3.3.1 Using LEDs
36(1)
3.3.2 Using mbed External Pins
37(2)
3.4 Using Digital Inputs
39(3)
3.4.1 Connecting Switches to a Digital System
39(1)
3.4.2 The DigitalIn API
40(1)
3.4.3 Using if to Respond to a Switch Input
40(2)
3.5 Interfacing Simple Opto Devices
42(7)
3.5.1 Opto Reflective and Transmissive Sensors
42(1)
3.5.2 Connecting an Opto-Sensor to the mbed
43(2)
3.5.3 Seven-Segment Displays
45(1)
3.5.4 Connecting a Seven-segment Display to the mbed
46(3)
3.6 Switching Larger DC Loads
49(4)
3.6.1 Applying Transistor Switching
49(1)
3.6.2 Switching a Motor with the mbed
50(1)
3.6.3 Switching Multiple Seven-Segment Displays
51(2)
3.7 Mini-Project: Letter Counter
53(4)
Chapter Review
53(1)
Quiz
53(2)
References
55(2)
Chapter 4 Analog Output
57(20)
4.1 Introducing Data Conversion
57(2)
4.1.1 The Digital-to-Analog Converter
58(1)
4.2 Analog Outputs on the mbed
59(6)
4.2.1 Creating Constant Output Voltages
60(1)
4.2.2 Sawtooth Waveforms
60(3)
4.2.3 Testing the DAC Resolution
63(1)
4.2.4 Generating a Sine Wave
64(1)
4.3 Another Form of Analog Output: Pulse Width Modulation
65(1)
4.4 Pulse Width Modulation on the mbed
66(11)
4.4.1 Using the mbed PWM Sources
66(1)
4.4.2 Some Trial PWM Outputs
67(1)
4.4.3 Speed Control of a Small Motor
68(2)
4.4.4 Generating PWM in Software
70(1)
4.4.5 Servo Control
71(1)
4.4.6 Outputting to a Piezo Transducer
72(2)
Chapter Review
74(1)
Quiz
75(1)
Reference
75(2)
Chapter 5 Analog Input
77(18)
5.1 Analog-to-Digital Conversion
77(5)
5.1.1 The Analog-to-Digital Converter
78(1)
5.1.2 Range, Resolution and Quantization
79(2)
5.1.3 Sampling Frequency
81(1)
5.1.4 Analog Input with the mbed
82(1)
5.2 Combining Analog Input and Output
82(4)
5.2.1 Controlling LED Brightness by Variable Voltage
82(2)
5.2.2 Controlling LED Brightness by PWM
84(1)
5.2.3 Controlling PWM Frequency
84(2)
5.3 Processing Data from Analog Inputs
86(2)
5.3.1 Displaying Values on the Computer Screen
86(1)
5.3.2 Scaling ADC Outputs to Recognized Units
87(1)
5.3.3 Applying Averaging to Reduce Noise
87(1)
5.4 Some Simple Analog Sensors
88(2)
5.4.1 The Light-Dependent Resistor
88(1)
5.4.2 Integrated Circuit Temperature Sensor
89(1)
5.5 Exploring Data Conversion Timing
90(2)
5.5.1 Estimating Conversion Time and Applying Nyquist
90(2)
5.6 Mini-Project: Two-Dimensional Light Tracking
92(3)
Chapter Review
92(1)
Quiz
93(1)
References
93(2)
Chapter 6 Further Programming Techniques
95(20)
6.1 The Benefits of Considered Program Design and Structure
95(1)
6.2 Functions
96(1)
6.3 Program Design
97(3)
6.3.1 Using Flowcharts to Define Code Structure
97(2)
6.3.2 Pseudocode
99(1)
6.4 Working with Functions on the mbed
100(5)
6.4.1 Implementing a Seven-Segment Display Counter
100(2)
6.4.2 Function Reuse
102(1)
6.4.3 A More Complex Program Using Functions
103(2)
6.5 Using Multiple Files in C/C++
105(4)
6.5.1 Overview of the C/C++ Program Compilation Process
106(1)
6.5.2 The C/C++ Preprocessor and Preprocessor Directives
107(1)
6.5.3 The #ifndef Directive
108(1)
6.5.4 Using mbed Objects Globally
109(1)
6.6 Modular Program Example
109(6)
Chapter Review
113(1)
Quiz
113(2)
Chapter 7 Starting with Serial Communication
115(32)
7.1 Introducing Synchronous Serial Communication
115(2)
7.2 Serial Peripheral Interface
117(8)
7.2.1 Introducing SPI
117(2)
7.2.2 SPI on the mbed
119(1)
7.2.3 Setting up an mbed SPI Master
119(2)
7.2.4 Creating a SPI Data Link
121(4)
7.3 Intelligent Instrumentation and a SPI Accelerometer
125(4)
7.3.1 Introducing the ADXL345 Accelerometer
125(1)
7.3.2 Developing a Simple ADXL345 Program
125(4)
7.4 Evaluating SPI
129(1)
7.5 The Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus
129(6)
7.5.1 Introducing the I2C Bus
129(2)
7.5.2 I2C on the mbed
131(1)
7.5.3 Setting up an I2C Data Link
131(4)
7.6 Communicating with an I2C Temperature Sensor
135(3)
7.7 Using the SRF08 Ultrasonic Range Finder
138(2)
7.8 Evaluating I2C
140(1)
7.9 Asynchronous Serial Data Communication
140(4)
7.9.1 Introducing Asynchronous Serial Data
140(1)
7.9.2 Applying Asynchronous Communication on the mbed
141(3)
7.9.3 Applying Synchronous Communication with the Host Computer
144(1)
7.10 Mini-Project: Multi-Node I2C Bus
144(3)
Chapter Review
144(1)
Quiz
145(1)
References
145(2)
Chapter 8 Liquid Crystal Displays
147(22)
8.1 Display Technologies
147(3)
8.1.1 Introducing Liquid Crystal Technology
148(1)
8.1.2 Liquid Crystal Character Displays
149(1)
8.2 Using the PC1602F LCD
150(10)
8.2.1 Introducing the PC1602F Display
151(1)
8.2.2 Connecting the PC1602F to the mbed
152(1)
8.2.3 Using Modular Coding to Interface the LCD
153(1)
8.2.4 Initializing the Display
154(1)
8.2.5 Sending Display Data to the LCD
155(1)
8.2.6 The Complete LCD.cpp Definition
156(1)
8.2.7 Utilizing the LCD Functions
157(1)
8.2.8 Adding Data to a Specified Location
158(2)
8.3 Using the mbed TextLCD Library
160(2)
8.4 Displaying Analog Input Data on the LCD
162(1)
8.5 More Advanced LCDs
163(3)
8.5.1 Color LCDs
163(1)
8.5.2 Controlling a SPI LCD Mobile Phone Display
163(3)
8.6 Mini-Project: Digital Spirit Level
166(3)
Chapter Review
167(1)
Quiz
167(1)
References
167(2)
Chapter 9 Interrupts, Timers and Tasks
169(38)
9.1 Time and Tasks in Embedded Systems
170(1)
9.1.1 Timers and Interrupts
170(1)
9.1.2 Tasks
170(1)
9.1.3 Event-Triggered and Time-Triggered Tasks
171(1)
9.2 Responding to Event-Triggered Events
171(2)
9.2.1 Polling
171(1)
9.2.2 Introducing Interrupts
172(1)
9.3 Simple Interrupts on the mbed
173(2)
9.4 Getting Deeper into Interrupts
175(6)
9.4.1 Interrupts on the LPC1768
178(1)
9.4.2 Testing Interrupt Latency
178(1)
9.4.3 Disabling Interrupts
179(1)
9.4.4 Interrupts from Analog Inputs
180(1)
9.4.5 Conclusion on Interrupts
181(1)
9.5 An Introduction to Timers
181(2)
9.5.1 The Digital Counter
181(1)
9.5.2 Using the Counter as a Timer
182(1)
9.5.3 Timers on the mbed
183(1)
9.6 Using the mbed Timer
183(4)
9.6.1 Using Multiple mbed Timers
184(1)
9.6.2 Testing the Timer Duration
185(2)
9.7 Using the mbed Timeout
187(4)
9.7.1 A Simple Timeout Application
187(2)
9.7.2 Further Use of Timeout
189(1)
9.7.3 Timeout used to Test Reaction Time
190(1)
9.8 Using the mbed Ticker
191(4)
9.8.1 Using Ticker for a Metronome
192(2)
9.8.2 Reflecting on Multi-Tasking in the Metronome Program
194(1)
9.9 The Real Time Clock
195(1)
9.10 Switch Debouncing
196(2)
9.11 Mini-Projects
198(9)
9.11.1 A Self-Contained Metronome
198(1)
9.11.2 Accelerometer Threshold Interrupt
198(1)
Chapter Review
199(1)
Quiz
199(8)
Chapter 10 Memory and Data Management
207(12)
10.1 A Memory Review
201(4)
10.1.1 Memory Function Types
201(1)
10.1.2 Essential Electronic Memory Types
202(3)
10.2 Using Data Files with the mbed
205(2)
10.2.1 Reviewing some Useful C/C++ Library Functions
205(1)
10.2.2 Defining the mbed Local File System
205(1)
10.2.3 Opening and Closing Files
206(1)
10.2.4 Writing and Reading File Data
206(1)
10.3 Example mbed Data File Access
207(3)
10.3.1 File Access
207(1)
10.3.2 String File Access
208(1)
10.3.3 Using Formatted Data
209(1)
10.4 Using External Memory with the mbed
210(2)
10.5 Introducing Pointers
212(2)
10.6 Mini-Project: Accelerometer Data Logging on Exceeding Threshold
214(5)
Chapter Review
215(1)
Quiz
216(1)
References
216(3)
PART II Moving to Advanced and Specialist Applications
Chapter 11 An Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
219(24)
11.1 What is a Digital Signal Processor?
219(1)
11.2 Digital Filtering Example
220(2)
11.3 An mbed DSP Example
222(7)
11.3.1 Input and Output of Digital Data
222(2)
11.3.2 Signal Reconstruction
224(1)
11.3.3 Adding a Digital Low-Pass Filter
224(4)
11.3.4 Adding a Push-Button Activation
228(1)
11.3.5 Digital High-Pass Filter
229(1)
11.4 Delay/Echo Effect
229(3)
11.5 Working with Wave Audio Files
232(7)
11.5.1 The Wave Information Header
233(2)
11.5.2 Reading the Wave File Header with the mbed
235(1)
11.5.3 Reading and Outputting Mono Wave Data
236(3)
11.6 Summary on DSP
239(1)
11.7 Mini-Project: Stereo Wave Player
240(3)
11.7.1 Basic Stereo Wave Player
240(1)
11.7.2 Stereo Wave Player with PC Interface
240(1)
11.7.3 Portable Stereo Wave Player with Mobile Phone Display Interface
241(1)
Chapter Review
241(1)
Quiz
241(1)
References
242(1)
Chapter 12 Advanced Serial Communications
243(30)
12.1 Introducing Advanced Serial Communication Protocols
243(1)
12.2 Bluetooth Serial Communication
244(7)
12.2.1 Introducing Bluetooth
244(1)
12.2.2 Interfacing the RN-41 and RN-42 Bluetooth Modules
244(1)
12.2.3 Sending mbed Data over Bluetooth
245(2)
12.2.4 Receiving Bluetooth Data from a Host Terminal Application
247(1)
12.2.5 Communicating between Two mbeds on Bluetooth
248(3)
12.3 Introducing USB
251(4)
12.3.1 Using the mbed to Emulate a USB Mouse
252(1)
12.3.2 Sending USB MIDI Data from an mbed
253(2)
12.4 Introducing Ethernet
255(6)
12.4.1 Ethernet Overview
255(2)
12.4.2 Implementing Simple mbed Ethernet Communications
257(2)
12.4.3 Ethernet Communication between mbeds
259(2)
12.5 Local Network and Internet Communications with the mbed
261(12)
12.5.1 Using the mbed as an HTTP Client
262(2)
12.5.2 Using the mbed as an HTTP File Server
264(2)
12.5.3 Using Remote Procedure Calls to Modify mbed Outputs
266(1)
12.5.4 Controlling the mbed using a Remote JavaScript Interface
267(3)
Chapter Review
270(1)
Quiz
271(1)
References
271(2)
Chapter 13 An Introduction to Control Systems
273(24)
13.1 Control Systems
273(7)
13.1.1 Closed and Open Loop Control Systems
274(1)
13.1.2 Closed Loop Cruise Control Example
275(1)
13.1.3 Proportional Control
276(2)
13.1.4 Proportional Integral Derivative Control
278(2)
13.2 Closed Loop Digital Compass Example
280(8)
13.2.1 Using the HMC6352 Digital Compass
281(2)
13.2.2 Implementing a 360 Degree Rotation Servo
283(2)
13.2.3 Implementing a Closed Loop Control Algorithm
285(3)
13.3 Communicating Control Data over the Controller Area Network
288(9)
13.3.1 The Controller Area Network
288(1)
13.3.2 CAN on the mbed
289(5)
Chapter Review
294(1)
Quiz
294(1)
References
295(2)
Chapter 14 Letting Go of the mbed Libraries
297(24)
14.1 Introduction
297(1)
14.2 Control Register Concepts
298(1)
14.3 Digital Input/Output
299(6)
14.3.1 mbed Digital Input/Output Control Registers
299(2)
14.3.2 A Digital Output Application
301(1)
14.3.3 Adding a Second Digital Output
302(1)
14.3.4 Digital Inputs
303(2)
14.4 Getting Deeper into the Control Registers
305(5)
14.4.1 Pin Select and Pin Mode Registers
305(3)
14.4.2 Power Control and Clock Select Registers
308(2)
14.5 Using the DAC
310(2)
14.5.1 mbed DAC Control Registers
310(1)
14.5.2 A DAC Application
311(1)
14.6 Using the ADC
312(6)
14.6.1 mbed ADC Control Registers
312(2)
14.6.2 An ADC Application
314(2)
14.6.3 Changing ADC Conversion Speed
316(2)
14.7 A Conclusion on using the Control Registers
318(3)
Chapter Review
319(1)
Quiz
319(1)
Reference
319(2)
Chapter 15 Extension Projects
321(10)
15.1 Where do We Go from Here?
321(1)
15.2 Pololu Robot for mbed
321(2)
15.3 Advanced Audio Projects
323(1)
15.4 The Internet of Things
323(2)
15.5 Introducing the mbed LPC11U24
325(1)
15.6 From mbed to Manufacture
326(3)
15.7 Closing Thoughts
329(2)
References
329(2)
Appendix A Some Number Systems 331(8)
Appendix B Some C Essentials 339(20)
Appendix C mbed Technical Data 359(6)
Appendix D Parts List 365(4)
Appendix E The Tera Term Terminal Emulator 369(4)
Index 373
Tim Wilmshurst has designed numerous embedded and electronic systems, including systems in climatic monitoring, earthquake research, wind tunnels, and autonomous vehicles. He is the author of several textbooks on embedded system design. In his teaching, Tim advocates learning through doing” and problem-based learning. He has been Head of Electrical Engineering at Botswana Polytechnic, Senior Design Engineer at Cambridge University, and Head of Electronics at Derby University. He is now a freelance technical author and educator.

Rob Toulson is a Visiting Professor at the University of Westminster, as well as founder and director of RT Sixty, a company that develops innovative applications for the audiovisual and music industries. His expertise covers a broad range of fields, including mobile application development, digital signal processing, embedded systems, musical acoustics, music production, and interactive sound design.
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