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E-raamat: Fatigue Design of Marine Structures

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Apr-2016
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316653128
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Fatigue Design of Marine StructuresSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Apr-2016
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316653128
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Fatigue Design of Marine Structures provides students and professionals with a theoretical and practical background for fatigue design of marine structures including sailing ships, offshore structures for oil and gas production, and other welded structures subject to dynamic loading such as wind turbine structures. Industry expert Inge Lotsberg brings more than forty years of experience in design and standards-setting to this comprehensive guide to the basics of fatigue design of welded structures. Topics covered include laboratory testing, S-N data, different materials, different environments, stress concentrations, residual stresses, acceptance criteria, non-destructive testing, improvement methods, probability of failure, bolted connections, grouted connections, and fracture mechanics. Featuring twenty chapters, three hundred diagrams, forty-seven example calculations, and resources for further study, Fatigue Design of Marine Structures is intended as the complete reference work for study and practice.

Fatigue Design of Marine Structures provides students and designers with a theoretical and practical background for fatigue design of marine structures including sailing ships, offshore structures for oil and gas production, and other welded structures subject to dynamic loading such as wind turbine structures.

Arvustused

' contains very comprehensive information and a large number of interesting examples of fatigue assessments particularly of welded joints It is written well and with great care and illustrated by numerous figures and diagrams. The reader finds the experience and personal views of the author throughout the book. a very important and valuable contribution in the quite complex field of fatigue design which should be found in all bookshelfs or computers of structural engineers of marine structures.' Wolfgang Fricke, Marine Structures

Muu info

This is a theoretical and practical guide for fatigue design of marine structures including sailing ships and offshore oil structures.
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction 1(18)
I.1 History of Fatigue
1(8)
I.2 Examples of Fatigue Failures of Marine Structures
9(4)
I.2.1 The Alexander L. Kielland Accident
9(2)
I.2.2 Fatigue and Fracture of a Mooring Chain
11(1)
I.2.3 Fatigue Cracking in Ship Side of a Shuttle Tanker
11(2)
I.3 Types of Marine Structures
13(1)
I.4 Design Methodology for Marine Structures
13(4)
I.5 Overview of Fatigue Analysis Examples in This Book
17(2)
1 Fatigue Degradation Mechanism and Failure Modes 19(7)
1.1 General
19(1)
1.2 Low Cycle and High Cycle Fatigue
20(2)
1.3 Failure Modes due to Fatigue
22(4)
1.3.1 Fatigue Crack Growth from the Weld Toe into the Base Material
22(1)
1.3.2 Fatigue Crack Growth from the Weld Root through the Fillet Weld
23(1)
1.3.3 Fatigue Crack Growth from the Weld Root into the Section under the Weld
23(2)
1.3.4 Fatigue Crack Growth from a Surface Irregularity or Notch into the Base Material
25(1)
2 Fatigue Testing and Assessment of Test Data 26(69)
2.1 Planning of Testing
26(6)
2.1.1 Constant Amplitude versus Variable Amplitude Testing
26(1)
2.1.2 Fabrication of Test Specimens
27(1)
2.1.3 Residual Stresses and Stress Ratio during Testing
27(3)
2.1.4 Number of Tests
30(1)
2.1.5 Instrumentation
30(1)
2.1.6 Test Frequency
31(1)
2.1.7 Measurements and Documentation of Test Data
32(1)
2.1.8 Assessment of Test Data
32(1)
2.2 Butt Welds in Piles
32(7)
2.2.1 Material Data and Fabrication of Test Specimens
33(3)
2.2.2 Measured Residual Stresses
36(1)
2.2.3 Assessment of the Test Data
37(2)
2.3 Details in Ship Structures
39(13)
2.3.1 Fatigue Testing
39(4)
2.3.2 Geometry and Fabrication of Specimens
43(1)
2.3.3 Additional Test Results for Model 4
43(1)
2.3.4 Additional Test Results for Model 5
44(1)
2.3.5 Effect of Stress Gradient at Weld Toe
45(3)
2.3.6 Hot Spot Stress for the Tested Specimens
48(4)
2.4 Side Longitudinals in Ships
52(9)
2.4.1 Test Arrangement
54(1)
2.4.2 Instrumentation
55(1)
2.4.3 Testing
56(1)
2.4.4 Assessment of Fatigue Test Data
57(3)
2.4.5 Comparison of Calculated Stress by Finite Element Analysis and Measured Data
60(1)
2.5 Fillet Welded Connections
61(13)
2.5.1 Fillet Welds Subjected to Axial Load
61(3)
2.5.2 Fillet Welded Tubular Members Subjected to Combined Axial and Shear Load
64(2)
2.5.3 Correction of Test Data for Measured Misalignment
66(3)
2.5.4 Assessment of Test Data
69(3)
2.5.5 Comparison of Design Equations with Test Data for Combined Loading
72(2)
2.6 Doubling Plates or Cover Plates
74(10)
2.6.1 Background
74(1)
2.6.2 Test Program and Preparation of Test Specimens
75(2)
2.6.3 Fatigue Testing
77(5)
2.6.4 Assessment of Test Data
82(2)
2.7 Effect of Stress Direction Relative to Weld Toe
84(11)
2.7.1 Constant Stress Direction
84(1)
2.7.2 Fatigue Test Data
84(1)
2.7.3 Design Procedures in Different Design Standards
85(3)
2.7.4 Comparison of Design Procedures with Fatigue Test Data
88(6)
2.7.5 Varying Stress Direction during a Load Cycle
94(1)
3 Fatigue Design Approaches 95(28)
3.1 Methodology for Assessment of Low Cycle Fatigue
95(12)
3.1.1 Cyclic Strain and Fatigue Strength
95(1)
3.1.2 Cyclic Stress-Strain Curve
96(2)
3.1.3 Strain-Based Approach for Assessment of Fatigue Life
98(3)
3.1.4 Relationship between Elastic Strain and Nonlinear Elastic Strain
101(5)
3.1.5 Notch Sensitivity and Fatigue Strength of Notched Specimens
106(1)
3.1.6 Combination of Fatigue Damage from Low Cycle and High Cycle Fatigue
106(1)
3.2 Methodology for Assessment of High Cycle Fatigue
107(9)
3.2.1 Calculation of Stresses and Relation to Different S-N Curves
107(5)
3.2.2 Guidance Regarding When Detailed Fatigue Analysis Is Required
112(2)
3.2.3 Fatigue Damage Accumulation - Palmgren-Miner Rule
114(2)
3.3 Residual Stresses
116(7)
3.3.1 Residual Stresses due to Fabrication
116(1)
3.3.2 Shakedown of Residual Stresses
116(2)
3.3.3 Mean Stress Reduction Factor for Base Material
118(1)
3.3.4 Residual Stress in Shell Plates in Tubular Towers after Cold Forming
118(2)
3.3.5 Mean Stress Reduction Factor for Post-Weld Heat-Treated Welds
120(1)
3.3.6 Mean Stress Reduction Factor for Inspection Planning for Fatigue Cracks in As-Welded Structures
120(3)
4 S-N Curves 123(51)
4.1 Design S-N Curves
123(13)
4.1.1 General
123(1)
4.1.2 S-N Curves and Joint Classification Using Nominal Stresses
123(2)
4.1.3 S-N Curves for Steel Details in Air
125(1)
4.1.4 Comparison of S-N Curves for Details in Air in Design Standards
126(1)
4.1.5 S-N Curves for Material with High-Strength Steel
127(1)
4.1.6 S-N Curves for Details in Seawater with Cathodic Protection
128(2)
4.1.7 S-N Curves for Details in Seawater with Free Corrosion
130(1)
4.1.8 S-N Curves for Sour Environment
131(1)
4.1.9 S-N Curves for the Notch Stress Method
131(1)
4.1.10 S-N Curves for Stainless Steel
131(1)
4.1.11 S-N Curves for Umbilicals
132(2)
4.1.12 S-N Curves for Copper Wires
134(1)
4.1.13 S-N Curves for Aluminum Structures
134(1)
4.1.14 S-N Curves for Titanium Risers
135(1)
4.1.15 S-N Curves for Chains
135(1)
4.1.16 S-N Curves for Wires
136(1)
4.1.17 S-N Curves for Concrete Structures
136(1)
4.2 Failure Criteria Inherent in S-N Curves
136(1)
4.3 Mean Stress Effect
137(1)
4.4 Effect of Material Yield Strength
137(1)
4.4.1 Base Material
137(1)
4.4.2 Welded Structures
137(1)
4.5 Effect of Fabrication Tolerances
138(1)
4.6 Initial Defects and Defects Inherent in S-N Data
138(4)
4.6.1 Types of Defects in Welded Connections
138(2)
4.6.2 Acceptance Criteria and Link to Design S-N Curves
140(2)
4.7 Size and Thickness Effects
142(11)
4.7.1 Base Material
142(1)
4.7.2 Welded Connections
142(5)
4.7.3 Size Effect in Design Standards
147(1)
4.7.4 Calibration of Analysis Methods to Fatigue Test Data
148(2)
4.7.5 Cast Joints
150(1)
4.7.6 Weld Length Effect
150(3)
4.8 Effect of Temperature on Fatigue Strength
153(1)
4.9 Effect of Environment on Fatigue Strength
154(3)
4.9.1 Condition in Fresh Water
154(1)
4.9.2 Effect of Cathodic Protection in Seawater
154(1)
4.9.3 Corrosion Fatigue
155(1)
4.9.4 Effect of Coating
156(1)
4.10 Selection of S-N Curves for Piles
157(1)
4.10.1 S-N Curves for Pile Driving
157(1)
4.10.2 S-N Curves for Installed Condition
157(1)
4.11 Derivation of Characteristic and Design S-N Curves
157(6)
4.11.1 General
157(1)
4.11.2 Requirements for Confidence for Fatigue Assessment in the Literature and in Design Standards
158(5)
4.12 Requirements for Confidence Levels, as Calculated by Probabilistic Methods
163(4)
4.12.1 Probabilistic Analysis
163(1)
4.12.2 Analysis Results for a Design-Life Approach to Safety
163(1)
4.12.3 Analysis Results for a Per Annum Approach to Safety
164(1)
4.12.4 Effect of Uncertainty in Loading Included
165(1)
4.12.5 Case with Known Standard Deviation
166(1)
4.12.6 Combination of Cases
167(1)
4.13 Justifying the Use of a Given Design S-N Curve from a New Data Set
167(7)
4.13.1 Methodology
167(1)
4.13.2 Example of Analysis of Testing of Connectors, Case A
168(2)
4.13.3 Example of Analysis, Case B
170(3)
4.13.4 Example of Fatigue Proof Testing of Connector in Tethers of a Tension Leg Platform
173(1)
5 Stresses in Plated Structures 174(31)
5.1 Butt Welds in Unstiffened Plates
174(2)
5.2 Fillet Welds
176(1)
5.3 Butt Welds in Stiffened Plates
177(11)
5.3.1 Background
177(1)
5.3.2 Finite Element Analysis of Stiffened Plates
178(5)
5.3.3 Analytical Equations for Stress Concentrations at Butt Welds in Plated Structures
183(1)
5.3.4 Effect of Fabrication Tolerances in Plated Structures in Fatigue Design Standards
184(4)
5.4 Openings with and without Reinforcements
188(3)
5.4.1 Circular Hole in a Plate
188(1)
5.4.2 Elliptical Hole in a Plate
188(2)
5.4.3 Rectangular Holes
190(1)
5.4.4 Scallops or Cope Holes
190(1)
5.5 Fatigue Assessment Procedure for Welded Penetrations
191(14)
5.5.1 Critical Hot Spot Areas
191(1)
5.5.2 Stress Direction Relative to Weld Toe
191(2)
5.5.3 Stress Concentration Factors for Holes with Reinforcement
193(1)
5.5.4 Procedure for Fatigue Assessment
194(5)
5.5.5 Comparison of Analysis Procedure with Fatigue Test Data
199(4)
5.5.6 Example Calculation of the Fillet Welds in the Alexander L. Kielland Platform
203(2)
6 Stress Concentration Factors for Tubular and Shell Structures Subjected to Axial Loads 205(26)
6.1 Classical Shell Theory
205(1)
6.2 Girth Welds
206(4)
6.2.1 Circumferential Welds in Tubular Members
206(3)
6.2.2 Closure Welds at Stubs
209(1)
6.3 SCFs for Girth Welds in Tubular Members
210(2)
6.4 Recommended SCFs for Tubular Girth Welds
212(2)
6.5 Application of Eccentricity to Achieve an Improved Fatigue Strength
214(1)
6.6 Example of Fatigue Assessment of Anode Attachment Close to a Circumferential Weld in a Jacket Leg
215(3)
6.7 Ring Stiffeners
218(4)
6.7.1 Example: Assessment of Stress Concentration Inherent in Nominal Stress S-N Curves
220(1)
6.7.2 Example: Fatigue Assessment of a Drum
221(1)
6.8 Conical Transitions
222(5)
6.8.1 Weld at Conical Junction
222(2)
6.8.2 Example of Conical Transition in Monopile for Wind Turbine Structure
224(1)
6.8.3 Conical Transition with Ring Stiffeners at the Junctions
225(1)
6.8.4 Conical Transition with Ring Stiffener Placed Eccentrically at Junction
226(1)
6.9 Tethers and Risers Subjected to Axial Tension
227(4)
6.9.1 Example: Pretensioned Riser
229(2)
7 Stresses at Welds in Pipelines, Risers, and Storage Tanks 231(21)
7.1 Stresses at Girth Welds and Ring Stiffeners due to Axial Force
231(6)
7.1.1 General
231(1)
7.1.2 Circumferential Butt Welds in Pipes at Thickness Transitions and with Fabrication Tolerances
232(3)
7.1.3 Nominal Stress in Pipe Wall and Derivation of Hot Spot Stresses
235(1)
7.1.4 Stress Distribution in Pipe Away from a Butt Weld with Fabrication Tolerances
236(1)
7.2 Stresses at Seam Weld due to Out-of-Roundness of Fabricated Pipes and Internal Pressure
237(4)
7.3 Stresses at Ring Stiffeners due to Internal Pressure
241(3)
7.4 Stresses at Thickness Transitions due to Internal Pressure
244(4)
7.4.1 Circumferential Butt Welds in Pipes with Different Thicknesses
244(4)
7.5 Stresses in Cylinders Subjected to Internal Pressure
248(4)
7.5.1 Classical Theory for Spherical Shells
248(1)
7.5.2 Stresses at Girth Weld between Cylinder and Sphere in Storage Tank with Internal Pressure
249(3)
8 Stress Concentration Factor for Joints 252(27)
8.1 General
252(1)
8.2 Simple Tubular Joints
253(13)
8.2.1 Definitions of Geometry Parameters and Stresses
253(4)
8.2.2 Influence of Diameter Ratio, β, on Stress Concentration
257(1)
8.2.3 Influence of Radius-to-Thickness Ratio of Chord, γ, on Stress Concentration
257(1)
8.2.4 Influence of Thickness Ratio, τ, on Stress Concentration
257(2)
8.2.5 Influence of Chord-Length-to-Diameter, α, on Stress Concentration
259(5)
8.2.6 Assessment of Accuracy of SCFs
264(1)
8.2.7 Combination of Stresses from Different Load Conditions
264(2)
8.3 Single-Sided Welded Tubular Joints
266(4)
8.3.1 Background
266(1)
8.3.2 Design S-N Curves
267(1)
8.3.3 Design Fatigue Factor
268(1)
8.3.4 SCFs for Inside Hot Spots
268(2)
8.4 Overlap Joints
270(1)
8.5 Stiffened Tubular Joints
270(1)
8.6 Grout-Reinforced Joints
271(1)
8.6.1 General
271(1)
8.6.2 Chord Filled with Grout
271(1)
8.6.3 Annulus between Tubular Members Filled with Grout
272(1)
8.7 Cast Nodes
272(1)
8.8 Joints with Gusset Plates
272(1)
8.9 Rectangular Hollow Sections
273(1)
8.10 Fillet-Welded Bearing Supports
273(1)
8.11 Cutouts and Pipe Penetrations in Plated Structures
274(1)
8.12 Details in Ship Structures
275(4)
8.12.1 Lugs at Side Longitudinals
275(1)
8.12.2 Asymmetric Sections Subjected to Dynamic Sideway Loading
275(3)
8.12.3 Example of Calculated SCFs for an Asymmetric Section
278(1)
9 Finite Element Analysis 279(31)
9.1 Welded Connections in Plated Structures
279(15)
9.1.1 General
279(2)
9.1.2 Finite Element Modeling for Structural Stress Analysis
281(3)
9.1.3 Derivation of Hot Spot Stress from Finite Element Analysis
284(4)
9.1.4 Effective Hot Spot Stress
288(1)
9.1.5 Hot Spot S-N Curves
288(3)
9.1.6 Analysis Methodology for Fillet Welds
291(1)
9.1.7 Verification of Analysis Methodology
292(1)
9.1.8 Examples of Finite Element Models in Ship Structures
292(2)
9.2 Alternative Procedure for Analysis of Web-Stiffened Cruciform Connections
294(5)
9.2.1 General
294(2)
9.2.2 Plate Thickness to Be Used in Analysis Procedure
296(1)
9.2.3 Procedure for Analysis Using a Shell Element Model
297(2)
9.3 Joint with Gusset Plates
299(2)
9.4 Welded Penetrations in Plates
301(3)
9.4.1 General
301(1)
9.4.2 Stresses for Fatigue Design at Position a
302(1)
9.4.3 Stresses for Fatigue Design at Position b
302(1)
9.4.4 Stresses for Fatigue Design at Position c
303(1)
9.5 Tubular Joints
304(1)
9.6 Notch Stress Method
305(5)
9.6.1 General
305(1)
9.6.2 The Notch Stress Method
306(2)
9.6.3 Calculation of Notch Stress
308(1)
9.6.4 Example of Validation of Analysis Methodology
308(2)
10 Fatigue Assessment Based on Stress Range Distributions 310(17)
10.1 Weibull Distribution of Long-Term Stress Ranges
310(2)
10.2 Closed-Form Expressions for Fatigue Damage Based on the Weibull Distribution of Stress Ranges
312(2)
10.3 Closed-Form Expressions for Fatigue Damage Based on the Rayleigh Distribution of Stress Ranges
314(1)
10.4 Example of Use of Closed-Form Expressions for Fatigue Damage in Calculation Sheets Based on a Bilinear S-N Curve
315(2)
10.5 Probability of Being Exceeded
317(2)
10.6 Maximum Allowable Stress Range
319(3)
10.6.1 Design Charts
319(1)
10.6.2 Effect of Design Fatigue Factor and Other Design Lives
319(1)
10.6.3 Some Guidance on Selection of a Weibull Shape Parameter
320(1)
10.6.4 Example of Use of Design Charts
321(1)
10.7 Combined Load and Response Processes
322(2)
10.7.1 General
322(1)
10.7.2 Example of Fatigue Analysis of Pipes on a Floating Production Vessel
322(2)
10.8 Long-Term Loading Accounting for the Mean Stress Effect
324(3)
11 Fabrication 327(28)
11.1 General
327(1)
11.2 Selection of Material
327(1)
11.3 Welding
328(1)
11.4 Defects
329(1)
11.5 Fabrication Tolerances
330(1)
11.6 Non-Destructive Testing for Defects
331(8)
11.6.1 General
331(2)
11.6.2 Visual Inspection
333(1)
11.6.3 Probability of Detection by Visual Inspection
333(1)
11.6.4 Magnetic Particle Inspection
333(1)
11.6.5 Penetrant Testing
334(1)
11.6.6 Ultrasonic Testing
334(2)
11.6.7 Probability of Detection for Ultrasonic Testing
336(1)
11.6.8 Radiographic Testing
336(1)
11.6.9 Eddy Current
336(1)
11.6.10 Alternating Current Field Measurement and Alternating Current Potential Drop Methods
337(1)
11.6.11 Probability of Detection Curves for EC, MPI, and ACFM
337(1)
11.6.12 Methodology to Provide Reliable PoD Curves for Other Inspection Methods
338(1)
11.7 Improvement Methods
339(11)
11.7.1 General
339(1)
11.7.2 Weld Profiling by Machining and Grinding
340(2)
11.7.3 Weld Toe Grinding
342(1)
11.7.4 Workmanship
343(1)
11.7.5 Example of Effect of Grinding a Weld
344(1)
11.7.6 TIG Dressing
345(1)
11.7.7 Hammer Peening
345(2)
11.7.8 High-Frequency Mechanical Impact Treatment
347(1)
11.7.9 Post-Weld Heat Treatment
347(1)
11.7.10 Extended Fatigue Life
348(1)
11.7.11 Stop Holes
348(1)
11.7.12 Grind Repair of Fatigue Cracks
349(1)
11.7.13 S-N Curves for Improved Areas
350(1)
11.8 Measurement of Surface Roughness
350(3)
11.9 Effect of Surface Roughness on Fatigue Capacity
353(2)
12 Probability of Fatigue Failure 355(24)
12.1 Failure Probability at the Design Stage
355(2)
12.1.1 General
355(1)
12.1.2 Accumulated and Annual Failure Probability
356(1)
12.1.3 Time-Limited Failure Probability
356(1)
12.2 Uncertainties in Fatigue Analysis
357(2)
12.3 Requirements for In-Service Inspection for Fatigue Cracks
359(1)
12.4 Target Safety Level for Structural Design
360(2)
12.5 Residual Strength of Structures with a Fatigue Crack
362(2)
12.6 System Reliability Method
364(2)
12.6.1 Robustness
364(1)
12.6.2 Assessment of Collapse Capacity in Jacket Structures
365(1)
12.6.3 Simplified Method for Estimation of Probability of System Failure
365(1)
12.7 Design Fatigue Factors
366(10)
12.7.1 Structures
367(1)
12.7.2 Piles
368(1)
12.7.3 Example of Design Methodology for Storage Pipes for Compressed Gas
369(7)
12.8 Example of Calculation of Probability of Fatigue Failure Using an Analytical Approach
376(3)
13 Design of Bolted and Threaded Connections 379(21)
13.1 Introduction
379(2)
13.2 Failure Modes of Bolts and Bolted Connections Subjected to Dynamic Loading
381(1)
13.3 Stress Corrosion and Embrittlements
382(2)
13.4 Fatigue Capacity of Bolts
384(7)
13.4.1 Geometry
384(2)
13.4.2 Chemistry
386(1)
13.4.3 Material Strength
386(1)
13.4.4 Effective Bolt Area
387(1)
13.4.5 Fitted Bolts
388(1)
13.4.6 Thread Forming
388(1)
13.4.7 Tolerances
389(1)
13.4.8 Surface Treatment
389(2)
13.4.9 Effect of Mean Stress
391(1)
13.5 Slip-Resistant Connections
391(1)
13.6 Tension-Type Connections
392(4)
13.6.1 Application
392(1)
13.6.2 Structural Mechanics for Design of Bolted Connections
393(3)
13.7 Technical Specification for Supply of Heavy-Duty Bolts
396(1)
13.8 Pretensioning of Bolts
397(1)
13.9 Connectors for Tubular Structures
398(2)
14 Fatigue Analysis of Jacket Structures 400(7)
14.1 General
400(2)
14.2 Deterministic Fatigue Analysis
402(2)
14.3 Frequency Response Fatigue Analysis
404(3)
15 Fatigue Analysis of Floating Platforms 407(1)
15.1 General
407(1)
15.2 Semi-Submersibles
407(1)
15.3 Floating Production Vessels (FPSOs)
407(1)
16 Fracture Mechanics for Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis and Assessment of Fracture 408(27)
16.1 Brittle and Ductile Failures
408(2)
16.1.1 Introduction
408(1)
16.1.2 Design of Ductile Structures
408(1)
16.1.3 Structural Strength of Connections with Defects
409(1)
16.2 Stress Intensity Factors and Fatigue Crack Growth Equations
410(3)
16.3 Examples of Crack Growth Analysis
413(11)
16.3.1 Assessment of Internal Defects in a Cruciform Joint
413(3)
16.3.2 Example of Crack Growth from the Crack around the Hydrophone Support in the Alexander L. Kielland Platform
416(2)
16.3.3 Example of Crack Growth from the Root of a Partial Penetration Weld
418(2)
16.3.4 Example of Crack Growth from the Root in a Single-Sided Girth Weld in a Pile Supporting a Jacket Structure
420(4)
16.4 Fracture Mechanics Models for Surface Cracks at Weld Toes
424(3)
16.5 Numerical Methods for Derivation of Stress Intensity Factors
427(1)
16.6 Crack Tip Opening Displacement
428(1)
16.7 Fracture Toughness Based on Charpy V Values
429(1)
16.8 Failure Assessment Diagram for Assessment of Fracture
429(2)
16.9 Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment and Effect of Crack Closure
431(1)
16.10 Alternative Methods for Derivation of Geometry Functions
431(2)
16.11 Crack Growth Constants
433(1)
16.12 Link between Fracture Mechanics and S-N Data
434(1)
17 Fatigue of Grouted Connections 435(30)
17.1 Jacket Structures
435(9)
17.1.1 Background for Design Standards for Grouted Connections
435(1)
17.1.2 Grouted Connections in Newer Jackets
436(1)
17.1.3 Assessment of Load Effects and Failure Modes
437(4)
17.1.4 Recommended Design Practice in NORSOK N-004 and DNV-0S-J101
441(3)
17.2 Monopiles
444(21)
17.2.1 Experience with Plain Cylindrical Grouted Connections
444(1)
17.2.2 Moment Capacity of Plain Connections
445(4)
17.2.3 Opening between the Steel and the Grout in the Connections due to Moment Loading
449(1)
17.2.4 Load on Shear Keys in Grouted Connections with Shear Keys
450(8)
17.2.5 Design of Box Test Specimens
458(2)
17.2.6 Comparison of Design Procedure with Test Data
460(2)
17.2.7 Fatigue Tests Data
462(1)
17.2.8 Illustration of Analysis for Long-Term Loads
463(2)
18 Planning of In-Service Inspection for Fatigue Cracks 465(20)
18.1 General
465(3)
18.2 Analysis Tools
468(3)
18.3 Assessment of the Probability of Fatigue Failure
471(1)
18.4 Implementation of Monitoring Data
472(1)
18.5 Inspection Planning and Inspection Program
473(1)
18.6 Reliability Updating
473(1)
18.7 Description of Probabilistic Fatigue Analysis Models
474(1)
18.8 Description of Probabilistic Crack Growth Analysis
475(1)
18.9 Formulation of Reliability Updating
476(2)
18.10 Change in Damage Rate over Service Life
478(1)
18.11 Effect of Correlation
478(2)
18.11.1 General
478(1)
18.11.2 Example of Analysis Where Correlation Is Included in Assessment of an FPSO
479(1)
18.12 Effect of Inspection Findings
480(1)
18.13 Residual Strength of the Structure or System Effects with a Fatigue Crack Present
480(1)
18.14 Inspection for Fatigue Cracks during In-Service Life
481(2)
18.14.1 General
481(1)
18.14.2 Magnetic Particle Inspection Underwater
481(1)
18.14.3 Eddy Current
481(1)
18.14.4 Flooded Member Detection
481(1)
18.14.5 Leakage Detection
482(1)
18.14.6 Acoustic Emission
482(1)
18.14.7 Inspection Methods for Jackets
483(1)
18.14.8 Inspection Methods for Floating Structures
483(1)
18.15 Effect of Measurements of Action Effects
483(2)
Appendix A: Examples of Fatigue Analysis 485(9)
A.1 Example of Fatigue Design of a Pin Support for a Bridge between a Flare Platform and a Larger Jacket Structure
485(1)
A.2 Fatigue Design of Ship Side Plates
486(2)
A.3 Fatigue and Unstable Fracture of a Chain
488(6)
A.3.1 Problem Definition
488(1)
A.3.2 Assessment of Unstable Fracture Using Failure Assessment Diagram
489(2)
A.3.3 Fatigue Assessment of the Chain Based on S-N data
491(1)
A.3.4 Fatigue of the Chain Assessed by Fracture Mechanics
492(2)
Appendix B: Stress Intensity Factors 494(5)
References 499(22)
Index 521
Inge Lotsberg is a Specialist Engineer and Senior Vice President at DNV GL (merger of Det Norske Veritas and Germanischer Lloyd) in Norway. He has more than forty years' practical experience with design and verification of steel structures, linear and non-linear finite element analysis, rule development, fatigue and fracture mechanics analyses, reliability analysis, and laboratory testing. The author or coauthor of 120 refereed papers, he has also served as a member and chairman in committees for the development of fatigue design standards within NORSOK and ISO.
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