| Acknowledgements |
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vii | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction on Very High Cycle Fatigue |
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1 | (16) |
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1.1 Fatigue limit, endurance limit and fatigue strength |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Absence of an asymptote on the SN curve |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3 Initiation and propagation |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4 Fatigue limit or fatigue strength |
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7 | (1) |
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1.5 SN curves up to 109 cycles |
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8 | (2) |
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1.6 Deterministic prediction of the gigacycle fatigue strength |
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10 | (2) |
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1.7 Gigacycle fatigue of alloys without flaws |
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12 | (1) |
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1.8 Initiation mechanisms at 109 cycles |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Plasticity and Initiation in Gigacycle Fatigue |
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17 | (60) |
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2.1 Evolution of the initiation site from LCF to GCF |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (9) |
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2.2.1 Fracture surface analysis |
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20 | (3) |
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2.2.2 Plasticity in the GCF regime |
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23 | (6) |
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2.3 Stresses and crack tip intensity factors around spherical and cylindrical voids and inclusions |
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29 | (13) |
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2.3.1 Spherical cavities and inclusions |
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29 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Spherical inclusion |
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31 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Mismatched inclusion larger than the spherical cavity it occupies |
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31 | (2) |
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2.3.4 Cylindrical cavities and inclusions |
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33 | (2) |
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2.3.5 Cracking from a hemispherical surface void |
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35 | (3) |
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2.3.6 Crack tip stress intensity factors for cylindrical inclusions with misfit in both size and material properties |
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38 | (4) |
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2.4 Estimation of the fish-eye formation from the Paris-Hertzberg law |
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42 | (7) |
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2.4.1 "Short crack" number of cycles |
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47 | (1) |
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2.4.2 "Long crack" number of cycles |
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48 | (1) |
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2.4.3 "Below threshold" number of cycles |
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48 | (1) |
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2.5 Example of fish-eye formation in a bearing steel |
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49 | (3) |
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2.6 Fish-eye formation at the microscopic level |
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52 | (10) |
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2.6.1 Dark area observations |
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53 | (1) |
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2.6.2 "Penny-shaped area" observations |
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54 | (2) |
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2.6.3 Fracture surface with large radial ridges |
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56 | (3) |
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2.6.4 Identification of the models |
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59 | (3) |
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62 | (1) |
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2.7 Instability of microstructure in very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) |
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62 | (7) |
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2.8 Industrial practical case: damage tolerance at 109 cycles |
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69 | (5) |
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2.8.1 Fatigue threshold in N18 |
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70 | (1) |
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2.8.2 Fatigue crack initiation of N18 alloy |
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71 | (2) |
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2.8.3 Mechanisms of the GCF of N18 alloy |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Heating Dissipation in the Gigacycle Regime |
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77 | (36) |
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3.1 Temperature increase at 20 kHz |
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77 | (4) |
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3.2 Detection of fish-eye formation |
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81 | (2) |
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3.3 Experimental verification of Nf by thermal dissipation |
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83 | (2) |
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3.4 Relation between thermal energy and cyclic plastic energy |
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85 | (4) |
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3.5 Effect of metallurgical instability at the yield point in ultrasonic fatigue |
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89 | (2) |
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3.6 Gigacycle fatigue of pure metals |
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91 | (18) |
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3.6.1 Microplasticity in the ferrite |
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95 | (2) |
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3.6.2 Effect of gigacycle fatigue loading on the yield stress in Armco iron |
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97 | (1) |
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3.6.3 Temperature measurement on Armco iron |
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98 | (4) |
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3.6.4 Intrinsic thermal dissipation in Armco iron |
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102 | (3) |
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3.6.5 Analysis of surface fatigue crack on iron |
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105 | (4) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (3) |
| Index |
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113 | |