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E-raamat: Fish Physiology: Primitive Fishes

Volume editor (University of British Columbia, USA), Volume editor (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada), Volume editor (Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, France)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Fish Physiology
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Sep-2011
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080549521
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Fish Physiology
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Sep-2011
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080549521

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Primitive fishes are a relatively untapped resource in the scientific search for insights into the evolution of physiological systems in fishes and higher vertebrates. Volume 26 in the Fish Physiology series presents what is known about the physiology of these fish in comparison with the two fish groups that dominate today, the modern elasmobranchs and the teleosts. Chapters include reviews on what is known about cardiovascular, nervous and ventilatory systems, gas exchange, ion and nitrogenous waste regulation, muscles and locomotion, endocrine systems, and reproduction. Editors provide a thorough understanding of how these systems have evolved through piscine and vertebrate evolutionary history. Primitive Fishes includes ground-breaking information in the field, including highlighs of the most unusual characteristics amongst the various species, which might have allowed these fishes to persist virtually unchanged through evolutionary time. This volume is essential for all comparative physiologists, fish biologists, and paleontologists.

* Provides an analysis of the evolutionary significance of physiological adaptations in "ancient fishes"
* Offers insights on the evolution of higher vertebrates
* The only single source that presents an in-depth discussion of topics related to the physiology of ancient fishes
CONTRIBUTORS ix
PREFACE xi
1. Living Primitive Fishes and Fishes From Deep Time
Philippe Janvier
1. Introduction
2
2. Primitive Characters, Primitive Taxa, and Ancient Taxa
4
3. Living Fossils
6
4. Living Primitive Fishes in Vertebrate Phylogeny
9
5. Living Primitive Fishes and Their Fossil Relatives: Naming and Dating Taxa
16
6. Extinct Major Fish Taxa and Their Position in Vertebrate Phylogeny
28
7. How Stable is Vertebrate Phylogeny?
38
8. Fossils and Physiology
39
9. The Environment of Early Fishes: Marine Versus Freshwater Vertebrates
41
10. Conclusions
45
References
45
2. Cardiovascular Systems in Primitive Fishes
Anthony P. Farrell
1. Introduction
54
2. An Overview of Evolutionary Progressions
57
3. Details of the Cyclostome Circulatory Systems
64
4. Details of the Sarcopterygii (Lobe-Finned Fishes) Circulatory Systems
86
5. Details of the Circulatory Systems in Polypterids, Gars, and Bowfins
105
6. Details of the Sturgeon Circulatory Systems
109
7. Conclusions
111
References
112
3. Nervous and Sensory Systems
Shaun P. Collin
1. Introduction
122
2. Development of the CNS
123
3. The Brains of Primitive Fishes
124
4. Functional Classification of Cranial Nerves in Fishes
129
5. The Visual System
132
6. Chemoreceptive Systems
144
7. Octavolateralis System
152
8. Electroreception
160
9. Concluding Remarks
165
References
166
4. Ventilatory Systems
Emily Coolidge, Michael S. Hedrick, and William K. Milsom
1. Introduction
182
2. Respiratory Strategies
183
3. Respiratory Organs
184
4. Ventilatory Mechanisms
189
5. Respiratory Control
196
6. Conclusions
206
References
206
5. Gas Transport and Exchange
C.J. Brauner and M. Berenbrink
1. Introduction
214
2. Partitioning of O2 and CO2 Exchange Across the Respiratory Surfaces
214
3. Blood 02 Transport
230
4. Transport and Elimination of CO2
253
5. Synthesis
262
References
270
6. Ionic, Osmotic, and Nitrogenous Waste Regulation
Patricia A. Wright
1. Introduction
284
2. Ionic and Osmotic Regulation
285
3. Nitrogen Excretion
291
4. Concluding Remarks
309
References
310
7. Locomotion in Primitive Fishes
D.J. McKenzie, M.E. Hale, and P. Domenici
1. Introduction
320
2. Swimming Modes and Associated Morphological Adaptations
321
3. Locomotor Muscles
328
4. Neuromotor Coordination
331
5. Locomotor Performance and Physiology
338
6. Conclusions
368
References
370
8. Peripheral Endocrine Glands. I. The Gastroenteropancreatic Endocrine System and the Thyroid Gland
John H. Youson
1. Introduction
382
2. Endocrine Pancreas and Related Gastrointestinal Endocrine System
383
3. Thyroid Gland
405
4. Summary and Conclusions
440
References
442
9. Peripheral Endocrine Glands. II. The Adrenal Glands and the Corpuscles of Stannius
John H. Youson
1. Introduction
458
2. Adrenal Glands
459
3. Corpuscles of Stannius
487
4. Summary and Conclusions
500
References
502
10. Why Have Primitive Fishes Survived?
K.L. Ilves and D.J. Randall
1. Introduction
516
2. Life During the Early Phanerozoic
516
3. The Teleosts
518
4. Primitive Fishes: Relationships Between Groups
520
5. Why Have These Primitive Fishes Survived?
530
6. Conclusions
532
References
533
INDEX 537
OTHER VOLUMES IN THE SERIES 561
Dr. Tony Farrell is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Zoology & Faculty of Land and Food Systems at the University of British Columbia and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. His research had provided an understanding of fish cardiorespiratory systems and has applied this knowledge to salmon migratory passage, fish stress handling and their recovery, sustainable aquaculture and aquatic toxicology. He has over 490 research publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals and an h-factor of 92. He has co-edited of 30 volumes of the Fish Physiology series, as well as an award-winning Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology. As part of his application of physiology to aquaculture, he has studied the sub-lethal impacts of sea lice and piscine orthoreovirus on the physiology of juvenile salmon. Dr. Farrell has received multiple awards, including the Fry Medal, which is the highest honour to a scientist from the Canadian Society of Zoologists, the Beverton Medal, which is the highest honour to a scientist from the Fisheries Society of the British Isles, the Award of Excellence, which is the highest honour of the American Fisheries Society and the Murray A. Newman Awards both for Research and for Conservation from the Vancouver Marine Sciences Centre. He is a former President of the Society of Experimental Biologists and a former Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Fish Biology. He served as a member of the Ministers Aquaculture Advisory Committee on Finfish Aquaculture for British Columbia and was a member of the Federal Independent Expert Panel on Aquaculture Science. Dr. Colin Brauner was educated in Canada at the University of British Columbia (Ph D), followed by a Post-doctoral fellowship at Aarhus University and the University of Southern Denmark, and was a Research Associate at McMaster University. He is a Professor of Zoology, UBC and Director of the UBC Aquatics Facility. He has been a Co-Editor of the Fish Physiology series since 2006. His research investigates environmental adaptations (both mechanistic and evolutionary) in relation to gas-exchange, acid-base balance and ion regulation in fish, integrating responses from the molecular, cellular and organismal level. The ultimate goal is to understand how evolutionary pressures have shaped physiological systems among vertebrates and to determine the degree to which physiological systems can adapt/acclimate to natural and anthropogenic environmental changes. This information is crucial for basic biology and understanding the diversity of biological systems, but much of his research conducted to date can also be applied to issues of aquaculture, toxicology and water quality criteria development, as well as fisheries management. His achievements have been recognized by the Society for Experimental Biology, UK (Presidents medal) and the Canadian Conference for Fisheries Research (J.C. Stevenson Memorial Lecturer) and the Vancouver Marine Sciences Centre (Murray A. Newman Award for Aquatic Research). He is a former President of the Canadian Society of Zoologists.