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E-raamat: Flood Hazards: Impacts and Responses for the Built Environment

Edited by (University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom), Edited by (University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom), Edited by (University of the West of England, United Kingdom), Edited by (University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom)
  • Formaat: 387 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Jul-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781439826263
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  • Formaat: 387 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Jul-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781439826263

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To date, flooding is the most common form of disaster affecting populated regions of the world. In the past thirty years alone flooding has claimed over 200,000 lives. This work covers the impacts of flooding on urban environments and the variety of effective response and preparation measures for dealing with this disaster form. Contributing writers from a variety of backgrounds and experiences cover such topics as emergency preparation, response, recovery, repair, reconstruction, mitigation, adaptation, business continuity, land-use planning, property-level and infrastructure protection, and urban drainage. This book is useful for both students and professionals in flood risk management. Lamond is a research fellow in construction and infrastructure at the University of Wolverhampton, UK. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

A 360-degree view of the response to flood risk

As major flooding events around the world show, the impact of flooding on the built environment can cause widespread chaos. These flood events form part of a wider pattern of increasing flood frequency coupled with increased vulnerability of the built environment to flood hazard. Flood risk can unite or divide communities and the responses to potential risk can range from denial to perfect adaptation.

Drawing on the experience of communities and experts, Flood Hazards: Impacts and Responses for the Built Environment offers guidance on managing urban flooding and flood risk. It brings together a diversity of viewpoints and experiences on flood impacts and responses from leading academics, flood restoration specialists, emergency responders, architects, planning consultants, insurers, policymakers, and community representatives. By including the perspective of the community and the views of households and businesses at risk, this volume makes a unique contribution to the literature on flood management.

The chapter organization loosely corresponds to the phases of the disaster management cycle, covering emergency preparation and response; recovery, repair, and reconstruction; and mitigation and adaptation. Contributors examine the types of impacts and discuss forecasting and emergency warning. They describe processes and good practice in recovery of flood-damaged property from the perspectives of the insurance industry, restorers, and loss adjusters. The book also deals with business continuity, land-use planning, property-level and infrastructure protection, and urban drainage, looking at the regulation and design of the built environment as one way to reduce risk. A section on community response to flooding sheds light on the experiences of flood-affected families.

Written for students, practitioners, and researchers in flood risk management, as well as for professionals who may encounter flood-related issues in the course of their work, this cross-disciplinary book makes a valuable contribution towards designing a future built environment that is more resilient to flood risk.

Arvustused

"... a very valuable contribution to knowledge on the impact of floods, covering both practical and policy issues. With climate change leading to the possible threat of more extreme flood events, this work is opportune and matches the governments aim of encouraging communities and individuals to take more responsibility for adapting to the risks that they face. The research group at the University of Wolverhampton are to be congratulated on a timely and important volume."

Edmund Penning-Rowsell, Middlesex and Oxford Universities

"This volume will provide a comprehensive context of flooding with important emergency and other management issues related to flooding. This volume will be useful to emergency managers, planners, both private and public agencies involved in emergency response, preparation, and mitigation, researchers, and students."

Bimal Kanti Paul, Professor, Department of Geography, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA "... a very valuable contribution to knowledge on the impact of floods, covering both practical and policy issues. With climate change leading to the possible threat of more extreme flood events, this work is opportune and matches the governments aim of encouraging communities and individuals to take more responsibility for adapting to the risks that they face. The research group at the University of Wolverhampton are to be congratulated on a timely and important volume."

Edmund Penning-Rowsell, Middlesex and Oxford Universities

"This volume will provide a comprehensive context of flooding with important emergency and other management issues related to flooding. This volume will be useful to emergency managers, planners, both private and public agencies involved in emergency response, preparation, and mitigation, researchers, and students."

Bimal Kanti Paul, Professor, Department of Geography, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA

Preface ix
About the Editors xi
List of Contributors
xiii
Chapter 1 Flooding in the Built Environment: Changing Risk and an Overview of Impacts
1(8)
Jessica E. Lamond
David G. Proverbs
Colin A. Booth
Felix N. Hammond
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Changing Flood Risk
2(1)
1.2.1 The Changing Flood Hazard
2(1)
1.2.2 Changing Exposure and Vulnerability
3(1)
1.3 Impacts from Flooding within the Built Environment
3(1)
1.4 The Role of Flood Defense and Flood Management
4(1)
1.5 Structure of the Book
5(4)
References
5(4)
SECTION I Impacts, Preparedness, and Emergency Response
Chapter 2 State of the Art of Flood Forecasting: From Deterministic to Probabilistic Approaches
9(16)
Jutta Thielen
Florian Pappenberger
Peter Salamon
Konrad Bogner
Peter Burek
Ad de Roo
2.1 The First Step: Accepting Uncertainty in the Flood Forecasting Chain
9(2)
2.2 Dealing with Uncertainty in Meteorological Inputs for Flood Forecasting
11(5)
2.2.1 Meteorological Observations
12(1)
2.2.2 Weather Forecasting Data
13(2)
2.2.3 Correcting Ensemble Prediction Data for Flood Forecasting
15(1)
2.3 Dealing with Uncertainty in Hydrological Modeling: A Challenge
16(1)
2.4 The European Flood Alert System: An Example of a Probabilistic Flood Forecasting System
17(2)
2.5 Summary and Conclusion
19(6)
Acknowledgments
20(1)
References
20(5)
Chapter 3 Flood Warning and Incident Management
25(12)
Katharine Evans
3.1 Introduction: Why Have a Flood Warning Service?
25(1)
3.2 History of Flood Warning in England and Wales
26(2)
3.3 What Constitutes a Good Warning Service?
28(5)
3.3.1 Flood Warnings: Names, Stages, or Colors?
30(1)
3.3.2 Methods of Warning Dissemination
30(1)
3.3.3 The Flood Warning Message
31(2)
3.4 Flood Incident Management
33(2)
3.4.1 Flood Response Planning in the United Kingdom
33(1)
3.4.2 Multi-Agency Flood Plans
33(1)
3.4.3 Exercising Flood Response Scenarios
34(1)
3.5 Future Challenges
35(2)
References
36(1)
Chapter 4 Impacts of Flooding in the Built Environment
37(16)
Derek Bell
4.1 Introduction
37(3)
4.2 Community Impact
40(1)
4.3 Impact on the Barnsley Council
41(1)
4.4 The Community Perspective
42(2)
4.5 The Response Effort
44(4)
4.6 Post-Flooding Repairs and Activities
48(5)
References
50(3)
Chapter 5 Health Impacts of Flooding
53(22)
Harriet Caldin
Virginia Murray
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Definitions of Flooding for Health Use
55(1)
5.3 Epidemiology of the Health Impacts of Flooding
56(1)
5.4 Health Impacts
57(8)
5.4.1 Mortality
57(2)
5.4.2 Injury
59(2)
5.4.3 Infections
61(1)
5.4.3.1 Vector-Borne Disease
61(1)
5.4.3.2 Water-Borne Disease
61(1)
5.4.3.3 Food-Borne Disease
62(1)
5.4.4 Chemical Hazards
62(1)
5.4.4.1 Carbon Monoxide
62(1)
5.4.4.2 Chemical Pollution in Floodwater
62(2)
5.4.5 Mental Health
64(1)
5.5 Vulnerability and Specific Groups Focusing on Chronic Disease Sufferers
65(3)
5.5.1 Vulnerability
66(1)
5.5.2 Specific Groups Focusing on Chronic Disease Sufferers
67(1)
5.6 Health Facilities and Services
68(1)
5.7 Public Health and Emergencies
69(1)
5.8 Conclusions
70(5)
References
71(4)
Chapter 6 The UK Sewer Network: Perceptions of Its Condition and Role in Flood Risk
75(14)
Lee French
Victor Samwinga
David G. Proverbs
6.1 Introduction
75(1)
6.2 The UK Sewer Network
76(1)
6.3 Flooding from Sewers
77(1)
6.4 Causes of Flooding from Sewers
77(1)
6.5 Remedies for the Problem of Sewer Flooding
78(2)
6.6 Interview Findings
80(4)
6.6.1 Sewer Flooding in the United Kingdom
80(1)
6.6.2 Factors Affecting the UK Sewer Network's Performance
81(1)
6.3.3 Remedies to the UK Sewer Network's Problems
82(2)
6.7 Summary
84(5)
References
84(5)
SECTION II Recovery, Repair, and Reconstruction
Chapter 7 Flood Insurance in the United Kingdom: The Association of British Insurers' View
89(10)
Swenja Surminski
7.1 Introduction
89(2)
7.2 The Statement of Principles
91(2)
7.2.1 A Long-Term Strategy for Flood Risk Management
92(1)
7.2.2 Improved Legislative Framework for Flood Risk Management
92(1)
7.2.3 Flood Resilient and Resistance Measures
93(1)
7.3 New Property Development
93(1)
7.4 Improving Insurers' Response to Flood Events
94(1)
7.5 The Need to Improve the Understanding of Current and Future Risks
95(1)
7.6 Conclusion
96(3)
References
97(2)
Chapter 8 A Practical Guide to Drying a Water-Damaged Dwelling
99(12)
Bill Lakin
David G. Proverbs
8.1 Introduction
99(1)
8.2 An Introduction to Water Damage and Drying
100(1)
8.3 Type of Water
101(1)
8.4 Amount of Water and Direction of Flow
101(1)
8.5 Survey and Drying Plan
101(2)
8.6 Building and Contents Drying Considerations
103(1)
8.7 Monitoring the Drying Process
103(3)
8.8 Types of Dehumidifiers
106(2)
8.8.1 Condensing/Refrigerant Dehumidifiers
106(1)
8.8.2 Desiccant/Adsorption Dehumidifiers
107(1)
8.9 Final Inspection and Completion
108(1)
8.10 Summary
108(3)
References
109(2)
Chapter 9 The Art of Reinstatement
111(14)
Roger Woodhead
9.1 Introduction
111(2)
9.2 The Customer Journey
113(5)
9.2.1 Mitigation: Initial Response Phase
113(2)
9.2.2 Recovery and Restoration: Damage Management Phase
115(1)
9.2.3 Reinstatement: Reconstruction Phase
116(2)
9.3 Project Management
118(4)
9.3.1 Project Specification
119(1)
9.3.2 Project Planning
119(1)
9.3.3 Project Team
119(1)
9.3.4 Project Financial Planning and Reporting
120(1)
9.3.5 Project Contingency Planning
120(1)
9.3.6 Enablement
121(1)
9.3.7 Project Performance and Communication
121(1)
9.3.8 Completion
122(1)
9.4 Summary
122(3)
References
122(3)
Chapter 10 The Development of Standards in Flood Damage Repairs: Lessons to Be Learned from the United Kingdom Example
125(16)
Tony Boobier
10.1 Introduction: Are Standards and Quality the Same?
125(3)
10.1.1 The Benefits of Standardization: "Constructing Excellence" and Standardization
127(1)
10.2 Brief Review of Physical Repair Standards, Including Professional Services
128(6)
10.2.1 Building Repairs
128(1)
10.2.2 Building Regulations in the United Kingdom
128(2)
10.2.3 Professional Standards
130(1)
10.2.3.1 British Damage Management Association
130(2)
10.2.3.2 National Flood School
132(1)
10.2.4 Drying Standards
132(1)
10.2.5 Health and Safety Standards
133(1)
10.3 Service Standards, Communication, and Performance Management
134(3)
10.4 International Perspective
137(1)
10.5 Summary
138(3)
References
139(2)
Chapter 11 Resilient Repair Strategy
141(14)
Richard Ayton-Robinson
11.1 Introduction
141(1)
11.2 Resilient versus Resistant Reinstatement
142(5)
11.2.1 Temporary Resistant Measures
142(1)
11.2.2 Permanent Resistant Measures
142(1)
11.2.3 Resilient Reinstatement
143(4)
11.3 Cost Considerations
147(1)
11.3.1 Other Cost Considerations
148(1)
11.4 Impact of Resilient Repairs on Reinstatement Durations
148(1)
11.5 Homeowner Attitude and Acceptance of Resilient Reinstatement
149(1)
11.5.1 Risk Awareness
149(1)
11.5.2 Incentives
150(1)
11.6 Flood-Resistant Construction
150(1)
11.7 Conclusions
151(4)
References
151(4)
SECTION III Mitigation and Adaptation to Flood Risk
Chapter 12 International Historical, Political, Economic, Social, and Engineering Responses to Flood Risk
155(22)
David Crichton
12.1 Introduction and Historical Context
156(2)
12.1.1 Some Major Flood Events
156(1)
12.1.2 China: Human Sacrifices for Flood Control
157(1)
12.1.3 Gilbert White: The Father of Floodplain Management
158(1)
12.2 Understanding Flood Risk
158(2)
12.2.1 The Crichton Risk Triangle
158(1)
12.2.2 Perception of Risk and Psychology of Risk
159(1)
12.2.3 What Level of Flood Risk Is Acceptable?
160(1)
12.2.4 The Insurance Template
160(1)
12.3 Responses to Flood Risk
160(10)
12.3.1 Political Responses
161(1)
12.3.1.1 Property Developer Interests
161(1)
12.3.1.2 Nuclear Energy
162(1)
12.3.1.3 Ecology Interests
163(1)
12.3.1.4 Unintended Consequences
163(1)
12.3.2 Economic Responses
163(1)
12.3.2.1 Insurance versus Gambling
163(1)
12.3.2.2 Insurance Claims Costs
164(1)
12.3.2.3 Eleven Insurance Scenarios
164(3)
12.3.2.4 Insurance in Less-Developed Countries
167(1)
12.3.3 Social Responses
167(1)
12.3.4 Engineering Responses
168(1)
12.3.4.1 Structural Flood Defenses to Reduce Hazard
168(1)
12.3.4.2 Temporary Demountables to Reduce Vulnerability
169(1)
12.3.4.3 Architecture to Reduce Vulnerability
170(1)
12.3.4.4 Building Regulations
170(1)
12.3.4.5 Nonstructural Solutions
170(1)
12.4 Conclusions
170(7)
Appendix 12.A The Risk Matrix
172(1)
Appendix 12.B The Insurance Template
172(1)
Appendix 12.C Flood Exposure in Britain in 2009
173(1)
References
173(4)
Chapter 13 Risk Management, Adaptation, and Monetary Aspects
177(14)
Annegret H. Thieken
Holger Cammerer
Clemens Pfurtscheller
13.1 Introduction
177(1)
13.2 Risk Management and Adaptation
177(2)
13.3 Case Study 1: Influence of Experienced Flooding in 2005 on Adaptation to Natural Hazards of Enterprises in Austria
179(2)
13.4 Quantification of Flood Impacts and Risk
181(1)
13.5 Monetary Assessment of Direct Flood Damage
182(2)
13.6 Case Study 2: The Influence of Flood Experience, Precautionary Adaptive Behavior, and Early Warning on Flood Losses of Private Households
184(4)
13.7 Conclusions
188(3)
References
188(3)
Chapter 14 Blue Space Thinking
191(16)
Robert Barker
14.1 Introduction
191(1)
14.2 Flood Management
191(2)
14.3 Precedent Change
193(1)
14.4 The United Kingdom
193(1)
14.5 Integrated Approach
194(1)
14.6 LifE Project
194(4)
14.7 Eiland veur Lent and Nijmegen, the Netherlands
198(3)
14.8 Littlehampton West Bank
201(1)
14.9 Dordrecht Floodproof Pilot Project
202(2)
14.10 Conclusions
204(3)
References
205(2)
Chapter 15 Adapting to and Mitigating Floods Using Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems
207(28)
Susanne M. Charlesworth
Frank Warwick
15.1 Introduction
207(2)
15.2 Flooding of Urban Areas
209(1)
15.3 Sustainable Drainage
210(14)
15.3.1 SUDS Devices and Flood Mitigation
211(4)
15.3.2 SUDS Flood-Resilient Design
215(1)
15.3.3 Incorporating SUDS Techniques into New Build Developments
216(1)
15.3.4 Retrofit SUDS
216(3)
15.3.5 Designing SUDS into the Built Environment
219(3)
15.3.6 Sacrificial Areas
222(1)
15.3.7 Tropical SUDS
223(1)
15.4 Case Studies
224(2)
15.5 Conclusions
226(9)
References
227(8)
Chapter 16 Land Use Planning Issues
235(10)
Bill Finlinson
16.1 Introduction: The Importance of Land Use in Flood Management
235(1)
16.2 The Planning Challenge
236(1)
16.3 Historical and Legislative Background
237(2)
16.4 Shoreline and Catchment Flood Management Plans
239(1)
16.5 Controlling Development
240(1)
16.6 Changing Responsibilities
241(1)
16.6.1 Surface Water Management Plans
241(1)
16.6.2 Flood Risk Regulations
242(1)
16.7 Conclusion
242(3)
References
243(2)
Chapter 17 Flood Resilience for Critical Infrastructure and Services
245(14)
Ben Kidd
17.1 Introduction
245(1)
17.2 Key Challenges
246(1)
17.3 Definition of Critical Infrastructure
247(1)
17.4 Regulatory Framework
248(4)
17.4.1 Civil Contingencies Act 2004
248(1)
17.4.2 Climate Change Act 2008
249(1)
17.4.3 Flood Risk Management Legislation
250(1)
17.4.4 Regulation of Private Utility Companies
251(1)
17.4.5 Regulation of Publicly Owned Service Providers
251(1)
17.4.6 Spatial Planning
251(1)
17.5 Flood Risk Assessment for Critical Infrastructure
252(1)
17.6 Interdependencies Assessment
253(1)
17.6.1 Dependency on Information and Communication Technology
253(1)
17.6.2 Collaboration between Providers
254(1)
17.7 Flood Resilience and Resistance for Critical Infrastructure
254(2)
17.7.1 Nonstructural Measures
254(1)
17.7.2 Structural Measures
255(1)
17.8 Summary
256(3)
References
256(3)
Chapter 18 Protection and Performance of Flooded Buildings
259(10)
Mike Johnson
18.1 Introduction
259(1)
18.2 Planning and Foresight
260(1)
18.3 Flood Protection and Performance
261(4)
18.4 Balancing the Costs
265(1)
18.5 Conclusions
266(3)
References
267(2)
Chapter 19 Impacts of Flood Hazards on Small and Medium-Sized Companies: Strategies for Property-Level Protection and Business Continuity
269(12)
Bingunath Ingirige
Gayan Wedawatta
19.1 Introduction
269(1)
19.2 Effects of Flood Hazard on SMEs
270(1)
19.3 Property-Level Flood Protection and Strategies for Business Continuity
271(1)
19.4 Survey of SMEs
272(3)
19.4.1 Method
273(1)
19.4.2 Survey Data
273(2)
19.5 Discussion
275(1)
19.6 Conclusions
276(5)
References
277(4)
SECTION IV The Community Perspective
Chapter 20 Living with Flood: Understanding Residents' Experiences of Recovery
281(10)
Rebecca Whittle
Will Medd
20.1 Introduction
281(1)
20.2 Flood and Flood Recovery
282(1)
20.3 Researching Recovery in Hull
282(2)
20.4 Key Issues in Understanding Recovery
284(4)
20.4.1 The Strip-Out
284(1)
20.4.2 The Work of Recovery
285(2)
20.4.3 When Companies Behave Badly
287(1)
20.5 Discussion and Conclusion
288(3)
References
290(1)
Chapter 21 Property-Level Flood Protection: Case Studies of Successful Schemes
291(14)
Mary Dhonau
Jessica E. Lamond
21.1 Introduction
291(2)
21.2 Approaches to Property-Level Flood Protection
293(3)
21.2.1 Resistant Solutions
294(1)
21.2.1.1 Barriers at a Distance
294(1)
21.2.1.2 Barriers to Stop Water from Entering the Building through Openings
294(1)
21.2.1.3 How to Stop Water from Coming through the Walls and Floors
294(1)
21.2.1.4 Products to Stop Water from Entering through the Toilet
295(1)
21.2.1.5 Pumps to Remove Water That Seeps through
295(1)
21.2.1.6 Flood Alarms
295(1)
21.2.2 Resilient Solutions
296(1)
21.3 Case Studies
296(5)
21.3.1 Case Study 1: Resilience
297(1)
21.3.2 Case Study 2: Resistance
297(1)
21.3.3 Case Study 3: Low-Cost Resilience
298(1)
21.3.4 Case Study 4: Smart Airbricks
299(1)
21.3.5 Case Study 5: Protecting Shopfronts
299(1)
21.3.6 Case Study 6: Neighborhood Collaboration
300(1)
21.3.7 Case Study 7: Complete Resilience
301(1)
21.4 Summary
301(4)
References
303(2)
Chapter 22 Improving Community Resilience: Education, Empowerment, or Encouragement?
305(12)
Carly B. Rose
David G. Proverbs
Ken I. Manktelow
Colin A. Booth
22.1 Introduction
305(1)
22.2 UK Socio-Political Context
306(1)
22.3 Flood Warning in the United Kingdom
307(1)
22.4 Awareness-Raising Campaigns
308(2)
22.5 Social Factors and Belief Systems in Decision Making
310(2)
22.6 Conclusion, Summary, and Looking Forward
312(5)
References
312(5)
Chapter 23 Financial Implications of Flooding and the Risk of Flooding on Households
317(10)
Jessica E. Lamond
23.1 Introduction
317(1)
23.2 The Theory of Property Value Loss Due to Flood Risk
318(1)
23.3 Results from Empirical Studies
319(1)
23.4 Insurance Cost and Availability
320(2)
23.5 The Cost of Mitigation Measures
322(2)
23.6 Conclusions
324(3)
References
324(3)
Chapter 24 Why Most "At-Risk" Homeowners Do Not Protect Their Homes from Flooding
327(16)
Tim Harries
24.1 Introduction
327(1)
24.2 Semistructured Interviews and Focus Groups
328(1)
24.3 The Survey
328(1)
24.4 Perceptions of the Probability of Flooding
329(2)
24.5 Perceptions of Adaptation: Financial and Material Issues
331(2)
24.5.1 The Perceived Affordability of Adaptation
331(1)
24.5.2 Anticipated Impacts on Property Values
331(1)
24.5.3 Perceived Costs and Benefits of Insurance
332(1)
24.5.4 Perceived Reductions in Cost
333(1)
24.6 Perceptions of Adaptations: Social and Emotional Issues
333(4)
24.6.1 Anxiety
333(2)
24.6.2 Blame and Regret
335(1)
24.6.3 Stigma and Social Identity
336(1)
24.7 Modeling the Drivers of Protective Behavior
337(1)
24.8 Conclusions
338(5)
Acknowledgments
338(1)
References
339(4)
Chapter 25 Exploring the Effect of Perceptions of Social Responsibility on Community Resilience to Flooding
343(10)
Aaron Mullins
Robby Soetanto
25.1 Introduction
343(1)
25.2 The Flooding Issue
344(1)
25.3 UK Resilience to Floods
345(1)
25.4 Modern Communities: Overreliance on Interconnectedness
345(1)
25.5 Social Responsibility
346(2)
25.6 Understanding Individual Roles in Resilience
348(2)
25.7 Conclusion
350(3)
References
351(2)
Chapter 26 Lessons for the Future
353(4)
Felix N. Hammond
Colin A. Booth
Jessica E. Lamond
David G. Proverbs
26.1 Introduction
353(1)
26.2 An Overview of the Lessons Learned
353(3)
26.3 Conclusion
356(1)
Index 357
Jessica Lamond, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., is a research fellow in the Department of the Built Environment at the University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom. Her areas of research specialism are in the field of flood risk management and property valuation studies. She has conducted research projects for research councils, government departments, the Environment Agency, private industry, and the RICS.

David Proverbs, B.Sc., PG.Cert. Ed., Ph.D., FCIOB, FHEA, is Professor of Construction Management and Head of the Construction and Property Department at the University of the West of England. He has published over 200 refereed journal/conference papers, is Editor of the International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, and is an editorial board member for a range of international journals.

Colin Booth, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., PGCE, FRGS, MSEE, is a Reader in Environmental Engineering and Head of Built Environment research at the University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom, with a background in environmental modeling. He has an international research profile and has authored or co-authored approximately eighty scientific publications (articles and chapters) in international peer-reviewed journals and books. He is also an editorial board member for several international journals.

Felix Hammond, B.Sc., PGCE, MBA, LLM, Ph.D., MGIS, FHEA, is a senior lecturer and a member of the Surveying and Property research group in the Department of the Built Environment at the University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom. He is a real estate economics and finance specialist with considerable experience in real estate policy and development economics related research and analysis.