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E-raamat: Fonts & Encodings: From Advanced Typography to Unicode and Everything in Between

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  • Formaat: 1037 pages
  • Sari: O'Reilly Ser.
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Sep-2007
  • Kirjastus: O'Reilly Media
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780596518349
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Fonts & Encodings: From Advanced Typography to Unicode and Everything in BetweenSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 1037 pages
  • Sari: O'Reilly Ser.
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Sep-2007
  • Kirjastus: O'Reilly Media
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780596518349
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This new reference book is a comprehensive guide to using fonts and typography on the Web and across a variety of operating systems and application software. This reference is a fascinating and complete guide to using fonts and typography on the Web and across a variety of operating systems and application software. Fonts & Encodings shows you how to take full advantage of the incredible number of typographic options available, with advanced material that covers everything from designing glyphs to developing software that creates and processes fonts. The era of ASCII characters on green screens is long gone, and industry leaders such as Apple, HP, IBM, Microsoft, and Oracle have adopted the Unicode Worldwide Character Standard. Yet, many software applications and web sites still use a host of standards, including PostScript, TrueType, TeX/Omega, SVG, Fontlab, FontForge, Metafont, Panose, and OpenType. This book explores each option in depth, and provides background behind the processes that comprise todays digital space for writing: Part I introduces Unicode, with a brief history of codes and encodings including ASCII. Learn about the morass of the data that accompanies each Unicode character, and how Unicode deals with normalization, the bidirectional algorithm, and the handling of East Asian characters. Part II discusses font management, including installation, tools for activation/deactivation, and font choices for three different systems: Windows, the Mac OS, and the X Window System (Unix). Part III deals with the technical use of fonts in two specific cases: the TeX typesetting system (and its successor, W, which the author co-developed) and web pages. Part IV describes methods for classifying fonts: Vox, Alessandrini, and Panose-1, which is used by Windows and the CSS standard. Learn about existing tools for creating (or modifying)fonts, including FontLab and FontForge, and become familiar with OpenType properties and AAT fonts. Nowhere else will you find the valuable technical information on fonts and typography that software developers, web developers, and graphic artists need to know to get typography and fonts to work properly.
Introduction 1(2)
Explorations
3(14)
The Letter and Its Parts
3(4)
Letterpress Typesetting
7(4)
Digital Typesetting
11(3)
Font Formats
14(1)
Between Characters and Glyphs: the Problems of the Electronic Document
15(2)
The Structure of the Book and Ways to Use It
17(8)
How to Read This Book
23(2)
How to Contact Us
25(2)
Before Unicode
27(26)
Fieldata
29(1)
Ascii
29(2)
EBCDIC
31(2)
ISO 2022
33(2)
ISO 8859
35(7)
ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) and ISO 8859-15 (Latin-9)
36(2)
ISO 8859-2 (Latin-2) and ISO 8859-16 (Latin-10)
38(1)
ISO 8859-3 (Latin-3) and ISO 8859-9 (Latin-5)
39(1)
ISO 8859-4 (Latin-4), ISO 8859-10 (Latin-6), and ISO 8859-13 (Latin-7)
40(1)
ISO 8859-5, 6, 7, 8, 11
41(1)
ISO 8859-14 (Latin-8)
42(1)
The Far East
42(3)
Microsoft's code pages
45(2)
Apple's encodings
47(1)
Electronic mail
48(3)
The Web
51(2)
Characters, glyphs, bytes: An introduction to Unicode
53(42)
Philosophical issues: characters and glyphs
54(8)
First principles
58(4)
Technical issues: characters and bytes
62(8)
Character encoding forms
64(6)
General organization of Unicode: planes and blocks
70(25)
The BMP (Basic Multilingual Plane)
70(13)
Higher planes
83(6)
Scripts proposed for addition
89(6)
Properties of Unicode characters
95(32)
Basic properties
96(9)
Name
96(1)
Block and script
96(1)
Age
97(1)
General category
98(7)
Other general properties
105(6)
Spaces
106(1)
Alphabetic characters
106(1)
Noncharacters
106(1)
Ignorable characters
107(1)
Deprecated characters
107(1)
Logical-order exceptions
107(1)
Soft-dotted letters
108(1)
Mathematical characters
108(1)
Quotation marks
109(1)
Dashes
109(1)
Hyphens
109(1)
Terminal punctuation
109(1)
Diacritics
109(1)
Extenders
110(1)
Join control
110(1)
The Unicode 1 name and ISO's comments
110(1)
Properties that pertain to case
111(3)
Uppercase letters
111(1)
Lowercase letters
112(1)
Simple lowercase/uppercase/titlecase mappings
112(1)
Special lowercase/uppercase/titlecase mappings
112(1)
Case folding
113(1)
Rendering properties
114(4)
The Arabic and Syriac scripts
114(2)
Managing grapheme clusters
116(2)
Numeric properties
118(1)
Identifiers
119(1)
Reading a Unicode block
120(7)
Normalization, bidirectionality, and East Asian characters
127(32)
Decompositions and Normalizations
127(6)
Combining Characters
127(3)
Composition and Decomposition
130(1)
Normalization Forms
131(2)
The Bidirectional Algorithm
133(13)
Typography in both directions
134(4)
Unicode and Bidirectionality
138(4)
The Algorithm, Step by Step
142(4)
East Asian Scripts
146(13)
Ideographs of Chinese Origin
147(8)
The Syllabic Korean Hangul Script
155(4)
Using Unicode
159(28)
Interactive Tools for Entering Unicode Characters
160(4)
Under Mac OS X
160(1)
Under Windows XP
161(2)
Under X Window
163(1)
Virtual Keyboards
164(19)
Useful Concepts Related to Virtual Keyboards
167(1)
Under Mac OS X
168(7)
Under Windows
175(6)
Under X Window
181(2)
Conversion of Text from One Encoding to Another
183(4)
The recode Utility
184(3)
Font Management on the Macintosh
187(22)
The Situation under Mac OS 9
188(3)
The situation under Mac OS X
191(3)
Font-Management Tools
194(11)
Tools for Verification and Maintenance
194(2)
ATM: the ``Smoother'' of Fonts
196(3)
ATR: classification of fonts by family
199(1)
Font Managers
200(4)
Font Servers
204(1)
Tools for Font Conversion
205(4)
TransType Pro
205(1)
dfontifier
206(1)
FontFlasher, the ``Kobayashi Maru'' of Fonts
207(2)
Font Management under Windows
209(12)
Tools for Managing Fonts
212(7)
The Extension of Font Properties
212(1)
Tools for Verification and Maintenance
213(2)
ATM: the ``Smoother'' of Fonts
215(1)
Font Managers
216(2)
Font Servers
218(1)
Tools for Font Conversion
219(2)
Font Management under X Window
221(14)
Special Characteristics of X Window
221(1)
Logical Description of a Font under X
222(4)
Installing fonts under X
226(5)
Installing Bitmap Fonts
228(1)
Installing PostScript Type 1 or TrueType Fonts
229(2)
Tools for Managing Fonts under X
231(1)
Tools for Converting Fonts under X
232(3)
The GNU Font Tools
232(1)
George Williams's Tools
233(1)
Various other tools
233(1)
Converting Bitmap Fonts under Unix
233(2)
Fonts in TEX and Ω, their installation and use
235(80)
Using Fonts in TEX
235(39)
Introduction to TEX
236(4)
The High Level: Basic LATEX Commands and NFSS
240(19)
The Low Level: TEX and DVI
259(4)
``Apres-TEX'': Confronting the Real World
263(11)
Installing Fonts for TEX
274(11)
The Tool afm2tfm
275(2)
Basic Use of the Tool fontinst
277(6)
Multiple Master fonts
283(2)
Customizing TEX Fonts for the User's Needs
285(27)
How to Configure a Virtual Font
285(27)
Conclusions and Glimpses at the Future
312(3)
Fonts and Web Pages
315(52)
(X)HTML, CSS, and Fonts
318(14)
The Standard HTML Tags
318(1)
CSS (version 3)
319(13)
Tools for Downloading Fonts from the Web
332(13)
TrueDoc, by Bitstream
333(3)
Font Embedding, by Microsoft
336(4)
GlyphGate, by em2 Solutions
340(5)
The SVG Format
345(20)
Fundamental Concepts of XML
345(5)
And what about SVG?
350(1)
Font Selection under SVG
351(2)
Alternate Glyphs
353(2)
SVG Fonts
355(10)
Conclusion
365(2)
The History and Classifications of Latin Typefaces
367(74)
The Typographical Big Bang of the Fifteenth Century, and the Fabulous Destiny of the Carolingian Script
367(4)
From Venice to Paris, by Way of Rome
371(10)
New Scripts Emerge in Germany
381(1)
The Wild Adventure of Textura in England
382(2)
The Sun King Makes Waves
384(2)
England Takes the Lead in Typographic Innovation
386(4)
Didot and Bodoni Revolutionize Typefaces
390(3)
The German ``Sturm und Drang''
393(1)
The Nineteenth Century, Era of Industrialization
394(3)
The Pre-war Period: Experimentation and a Return to Roots
397(6)
The Post-war Period
403(4)
Suggested Reading
407(1)
The Vox/ATypI Classification of Typefaces
408(3)
La classification Alessandrini des caracteres: le Codex 80
411(5)
IBM's Classification of Fonts
416(8)
Class 0: No Classification
416(1)
Class 1: Old-Style Serifs
416(2)
Class 2: Transitional Serifs
418(1)
Class 3: Modern Serifs
418(1)
Class 4: Clarendon Serifs
419(1)
Class 5: Slab Serifs
420(1)
Class 7: Free-Form Serifs
420(1)
Class 8: Sans Serif
421(1)
Class 9: Ornamentals
422(1)
Class 10: Scripts
422(1)
Class 12: Symbolic
423(1)
The Panose-1 Classification
424(17)
Parameter 1: Family Kind
425(1)
Parameter 2: Serif Style
425(2)
Parameter 3: Weight
427(1)
Parameter 4: Proportion
428(2)
Parameter 5: Contrast
430(1)
Parameter 6: Stroke Variation
431(2)
Parameter 7: Arm Style and Termination of Open Curves
433(2)
Parameter 8: Slant and Shape of the Letter
435(1)
Parameter 9: Midlines and Apexes
436(2)
Parameter 10: X-height and Behavior of Uppercase Letters Relative to Accents
438(3)
Editing and Creating Fonts
441(64)
Software for Editing/Creating Fonts
442(2)
General Principles
444(2)
FontLab
446(42)
The Font Window
446(6)
Opening and Saving a Font
452(2)
The General-Information Window
454(5)
The Glyph Window
459(6)
The Metrics Window
465(3)
Multiple Master Fonts
468(4)
Driving FontLab with Python Scripts
472(16)
FontForge
488(11)
The Font-Table Window
489(1)
Opening/Saving a Font
490(1)
The General-Information Window
491(1)
The Glyph Window
492(3)
The Metrics Window
495(2)
What About Vertical Typesetting?
497(1)
CID Fonts
498(1)
Autotracing
499(1)
potrace
500(1)
ScanFont
501(4)
Optimizing a rasterization
505(44)
PostScript Hints
507(11)
Global PostScript Hints
507(5)
Individual PostScript Hints
512(6)
TrueType Instructions
518(31)
Managing Instructions in FontLab
520(9)
Managing Instructions under VTT
529(17)
Managing Instructions under FontForge
546(3)
Enriching Fonts: Advanced Typography
549(50)
Introduction
549(6)
Managing OpenType Tables in FontLab
555(14)
Feature Definition Language
556(9)
FontLab's User Interface
565(4)
Managing OpenType Tables in VOLT
569(7)
Managing OpenType Tables in FontForge
576(10)
Anchors
577(2)
Noncontextual Substitutions
579(1)
Noncontextual Positionings
580(2)
Contextual Substitutions and Positionings
582(4)
Managing AAT Tables in FontForge
586(13)
Features and selectors
588(1)
Managing AAT's Finite Automata in FontForge
589(10)
A. Bitmap Font Formats
599(24)
The Macintosh World
599(2)
The FONT Format
599(2)
The NFNT Format
601(1)
Color
601(1)
The DOS World
601(1)
The CPI Format
601(1)
The Windows World
602(2)
The FNT Format
602(2)
The FON Format
604(1)
The Unix World
604(7)
The PSF Format of Linux
604(2)
The BDF Format
606(3)
The HBF Format
609(1)
The SNF, PCF, and ABF Formats
610(1)
The RAW and CP Formats
611(1)
The TEX World
611(10)
The PXL and CHR Formats
612(1)
The GF Format
613(4)
The PK Format
617(3)
Fonts or Images? Both!
620(1)
Other Less Common Bitmap Formats
621(1)
Whoever Can Do More Can Also Do Less
621(2)
B. TEX and ω Font Formats
623(12)
TFM
623(9)
Global Declarations
625(1)
Font Parameters
625(1)
Kerning Pairs and Ligatures
626(5)
The Metric Properties of Glyphs
631(1)
OFM
632(1)
VF
633(1)
OVF
634(1)
C. PostScript Font Formats
635(70)
Introduction to the PostScript Language
635(15)
Syntax
636(1)
The System of Coordinates
637(1)
The current transformation matrix
637(2)
Paths
639(2)
Shapes
641(1)
Bitmap Images
642(1)
Managing the Stack, Tables, and Dictionaries
643(2)
Font Management and Typesetting
645(1)
The Image Model and the Graphics State
646(1)
Structured Comments (DSCs)
647(3)
Type 3 Fonts
650(5)
Type 1 Fonts
655(22)
Before We Begin: the Format of the File that Contains the Font
656(1)
The Public Dictionary
657(2)
Encodings for Type 1 Fonts
659(2)
The Private Dictionary
661(4)
Glyph Descriptions
665(1)
Individual Hints
666(6)
AFM Files
672(5)
Multiple Master Fonts
677(5)
Using Multiple Master Fonts in the PostScript Language
681(1)
The AMFM file
681(1)
Type 42 Fonts
682(2)
Type 0, or OCF, Fonts
684(3)
Character Mapping
684(2)
The ACFM File
686(1)
CID Fonts (Types 9--11, 32)
687(10)
CIDFont
688(4)
CMap
692(2)
Rearrangement of a CID font
694(2)
The AFM File for the CID Font
696(1)
Using a CID Font
696(1)
Type 2/CFF Fonts
697(8)
The Compact Font Format
697(3)
The charstrings of Type 2
700(5)
D. The TrueType, OpenType, and AAT Font Formats
705(174)
TTX: TrueType Fonts Represented in XML
706(3)
TrueType Collections
709(1)
General Overview of TrueType Tables
709(4)
The Kernel of the TrueType Tables
713(15)
The GlyphOrder Table
713(1)
The cmap Table
714(2)
The head Table
716(1)
The Tables hhea and hmtx
717(2)
The maxp Table
719(1)
The name Table
720(2)
The OS/2 Table
722(4)
The post Table
726(2)
The Tables That Pertain to TrueType-Style Glyph Descriptions
728(3)
The loca Table
728(1)
The glyf Table
728(2)
The Tables fpgm, prep, and cvt
730(1)
The TrueType Tables That Affect PostScript-Style Glyph Descriptions
731(1)
The Table CFF
731(1)
The Table VORG
731(1)
Bitmap Management
732(8)
The Tables EBLC and EBDT (Alias bloc and bdat)
732(7)
The EBSC Table
739(1)
The bhed Table
740(1)
Some Other Optional Tables
740(11)
The DSIG Table
740(1)
The gasp Table
741(1)
The Tables hdmx and LTSH
741(2)
The kern Table
743(5)
The VDMX Table
748(1)
The Tables vhea and vmtx
749(1)
The PCLT Table
750(1)
The OpenType Advanced Typographic Tables
751(55)
Important concepts
751(3)
The BASE Table
754(4)
The GPOS Table
758(23)
The GSUB Table
781(15)
The JSTF Table
796(7)
The GDEF Table
803(3)
Predefined Features, Languages, and Scripts
806(16)
Predefined Languages and Scripts
806(9)
Predefined Features
815(7)
General AAT Tables
822(26)
The acnt Table
823(1)
The bsln Table
823(3)
The fdsc Table
826(1)
The fmtx Table
826(1)
The feat Table
827(11)
The lcar Table
838(2)
The opbd Table
840(1)
The prop Table
841(1)
The trak Table
842(2)
The Zapf Table
844(4)
The AAT Tables for Font Variation
848(8)
The fvar Table
848(2)
The avar Table
850(1)
The gvar Table
851(4)
The cvar Table
855(1)
AAT Tables with Finite Automata
856(23)
Finite Automata
856(6)
The morx Table (Formerly mort)
862(10)
The just Table
872(7)
E. TrueType Instructions
879(26)
Basic Concepts
881(2)
Interpreter's Stack, Instruction Stream
881(1)
Reference Points
881(1)
Freedom and Projection Vectors
881(1)
Table of Control Vectors and Storage Area
882(1)
Touched and Untouched Points
882(1)
Minimum Distance and Cut-In
882(1)
Twilight Zone and Zone Pointers
882(1)
Instructions
883(9)
Instructions for Managing the Stack and Storage Area
883(1)
Managing Vectors, Zones, and Reference Points
884(1)
Moving Points
885(4)
δ Instructions
889(1)
Tests and Logical and Arithmetic Functions
890(1)
Definitions of Subroutines and New Instructions
891(1)
Some Examples
892(13)
The `T' in the Font Courier
892(7)
The `O' from the Font Verdana
899(6)
F. METRFONT and Its Derivatives
905(56)
The METRFONT Programming Language
906(29)
Basic Concepts
906(2)
The Basics: Drawing and Filling
908(9)
More Advanced Concepts: Pen Strokes and Parameterization
917(13)
Optimizing the Rasterization
930(5)
The Computer Modern Family of Fonts
935(10)
General Structure
935(9)
Extensions
944(1)
MetaFog
945(2)
METATYPE1 and Antykwa Pottawskiego
947(14)
Installing and Using METATYPE1
947(1)
Syntactic Differences from METAFONT
948(8)
Antykwa Pottawskiego
956(5)
G. Bezier Curves
961(30)
History
961(1)
Bezier Curves
961(30)
Definition and Interesting Properties
963(1)
de Casteljau's Algorithm
964(1)
Subdivision of Bezier Curves
965(26)
General Index 991(22)
Index of Persons 1013


Yannis Haralambous is the founder of Atelier Fluxus Virus, a company specializing in the high-quality typesetting of books with specific requirements, such as dictionaries and critical editions. Since 2001 he has taught computer science at ENST Bretagne, in Brest (Brittany, France).In addition to being a translator, P. Scott Horne is also a typographer, and fluent in the LaTeX system used for the original layout of this book. He translates from multiple languages into English including Chinese, French, Japanese, and Latin. His web site address is http://hornetranslations.com
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