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E-raamat: Forensic Uses of Digital Imaging

, , (North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA)
  • Formaat: 280 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Jan-2016
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498733083
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  • Formaat: 280 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Jan-2016
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498733083
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The ability to work with, and retrieve images, is vital to forensic and criminal case work. During a five-decade-long career, author John C. Russ has taught methods for image processing and measurement to thousands of students. Forensic Uses of Digital Imaging, Second Edition distills his classroom and workshop material to present the information most relevant to forensic science.

Since the publication of the first edition, there have been many significant changes in technology that have revolutionized the ways digital images are used in forensic investigations. Fully updated, the second edition:





Covers the widespread advancements of digital imaging photography and processing Discusses the increased power, storage capacity, and use of digital cameras, laptop computers, tablets, and cell phones in forensic science Gives real-world examples to illustrate comparisons between different processing options Includes hundreds of full-color images that demonstrate technologies and techniques Addresses issues of admissibility of forensic investigation results under Frye and Daubert rules Provides guidelines and suggestions for effectively presenting and explaining results

Forensic Uses of Digital Imaging, Second Edition explains concepts with minimal jargon, and the methods and tools described in this book can be implemented in a broad spectrum of available computer programs. By demonstrating how these methods can be applied to a variety of images, this book helps readers develop the ability to understand when and how specific techniques should be used. It will be of particular use in casework for practicing photography and imaging police and forensic professionals who need to verify and explain both interpretations and processes to legal professionals, judges, and juries.

Arvustused

"This is the second edition of this book and it comprises five chapters covering equipment, processing, comparison and measurement, and the presentation of evidence. It covers the basics of all of these subject before progressing to more advanced techniques. The descriptions and the examples given are clear and aid the reader in understanding the lesson. This book is a good overview of the technical side of forensic photography for those of us who have little experience useful for those with more experience." CSEye, November 2017, a publication of the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences, UK

"Forensic Uses of Digital Imaging, Second Edition is highly technical and the text does a good job of breaking this down to a more readily understandable level. It covers a number of topics important for a forensic photographer to understand to be truly competent in todays world of complex technology not addressed in detail in other reference books."Brian Kohlhepp, Detective Division, Ross Township Police Department, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; published in Forensic Science Review, January 2018

Introduction xi
1 Digital Still and Video Cameras
1(48)
Digital Cameras
2(1)
Pixels
3(2)
Single-Chip Cameras
5(2)
Spectral Response
7(2)
Beyond the Visual
9(2)
Spectrophotometers
11(2)
Spatial Resolution
13(4)
Tonal Resolution
17(4)
Camera Choices
21(1)
File Formats and Compression
22(1)
JPEG Compression
23(6)
Video
29(3)
MPEG Compression
32(3)
Microscope Images
35(5)
Locard's Principle
40(7)
Other Sources of Digital Images
41(3)
File Storage
44(2)
References
46(9)
2 Basic Image Processing and Enhancement
49(52)
Calibrating Dimension
49(2)
Color Spaces
51(4)
Color Correction
55(3)
Image Rectification
58(4)
Interpolation
62(3)
Adjusting Contrast and Brightness
65(4)
Histogram Equalization
69(3)
High-Bit-Depth Images
72(2)
Reducing Image Noise
74(1)
Neighborhood Convolutions
75(3)
Median Filters
78(3)
Nonuniform Illumination
81(2)
Complex Backgrounds
83(3)
Generating a Background
86(2)
Morphological Filters
88(1)
Sharpening Contrast
89(4)
Second Derivatives
93(3)
Modifications
96(3)
References
99(2)
3 Advanced Processing Techniques
101(58)
Reducing Random Noise
101(2)
Bilateral and Anisotropic Diffusion Filters
103(2)
Nonlocal Means Filter
105(5)
Modified Median Filters
110(4)
Morphological Filters
114(2)
Increasing Edge Contrast
116(2)
The Kuwahara Filter
118(2)
Outlining Edges
120(2)
Multiple Images
122(2)
Principal Components Analysis
124(4)
Fourier Transforms
128(2)
Frequency Filters
130(2)
Homomorphic Filter
132(1)
Periodic Noise Removal
133(2)
Deconvolution of Focus and Motion Blur
135(3)
3D Imaging
138(2)
Correlation
140(5)
The Wavelet Transform
145(2)
Specialized Processing Methods
147(6)
References
153(6)
4 Comparison and Measurement
159(62)
Side-by-Side Comparison
159(4)
Matching Features or Dimensions
163(1)
Facial Recognition
164(3)
Biometric Measures
167(5)
Foot- and Tire Prints
172(4)
Reverse Projection
176(3)
Dimensional Measurements
179(3)
Photogrammetry
182(3)
Stereo Pairs
185(2)
Estimating Crowds
187(2)
Object Measurements
189(1)
Thresholding
190(4)
Processing Thresholded Images
194(3)
Combining Images
197(2)
Measuring Position and Color
199(3)
Measuring Size and Shape
202(5)
Identification
207(2)
Detecting Image Manipulation
209(5)
References
214(7)
5 Interpreting and Presenting Evidence
221(40)
Image Displays
222(2)
Explaining and Showing Procedures
224(4)
Comparisons
228(2)
Computer Graphics and Animations
230(2)
Dynamic Models
232(4)
Explaining Processing and Measurement
236(2)
The Photoshop Issue
238(2)
Credibility
240(1)
Standards
241(1)
Probability and Bayes' Rule
242(2)
Evaluating Probabilities
244(3)
Distinguishing Groups
247(2)
Daubert Criteria
249(1)
Error and Variability
250(2)
Identifying Individuals
252(3)
Explaining Uncertainty
255(2)
References
257(4)
Index 261
John C. Russ is emeritus professor in the Department of Materials Science and Technology, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh. Much of his research during his 50-year career has been concerned with the microstructure and surface topography of metals and ceramics. He currently consults with a variety of companies, provides expert testimony in criminal and civil cases, teaches workshops worldwide on image processing and analysis, and reviews publications and funding proposals. He is active in a number of professional societies, and has presented frequent invited lectures and workshops for them. He has also received the Ernst Abbe Memorial Award from the New York Microscopical Society for his contributions to the field of microscopy as a developer of computer-assisted microscopy and image analysis.