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E-raamat: Fractal Models in Exploration Geophysics: Applications to Hydrocarbon Reservoirs

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(CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India), (CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India), (CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India)
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Fractal Models in Exploration Geophysics: Applications to Hydrocarbon ReservoirsSuurem pilt
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Reservoir geophysics is one of the few earth sciences where fractal theory is only just being applied, and Dimri, Srivastava, and Vedanti (all National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India) demonstrate such applications, with special reference to hydrocarbon reservoirs. The basics of reservoir engineering, including fluid flow and recovery, are reviewed for readers without that background. The other topics are applying fractals to gravity and magnetic data, structural modeling using fractals, fractal inversion, and seismic reservoir monitoring. Annotation ©2013 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Researchers in the field of exploration geophysics have developed new methods for the acquisition, processing and interpretation of gravity and magnetic data, based on detailed investigations of bore wells around the globe. Fractal Models in Exploration Geophysics describes fractal-based models for characterizing these complex subsurface geological structures.

The authors introduce the inverse problem using a fractal approach which they then develop with the implementation of a global optimization algorithm for seismic data: very fast simulated annealing (VFSA). This approach provides high-resolution inverse modeling results-particularly useful for reservoir characterization.

* Serves as a valuable resource for researchers studying the application of fractals in exploration, and for practitioners directly applying field data for geo-modeling * Discusses the basic principles and practical applications of time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring technology-application rapidly advancing topic * Provides the fundamentals for those interested in reservoir geophysics and reservoir simulation study * Demonstrates an example of reservoir simulation for enhanced oil recovery using CO2 injection

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A useful reference for geophysicists using fractal models in reservoir characterization and exploration
Foreword ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Volume in Series xv
1 Introduction of Fractals: Application to Gravity and Magnetic Data
1(28)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Fractal and Scaling
2(1)
1.3 Behavior of Physical Properties
2(3)
1.4 Interpretation of Gravity and Magnetic Data
5(1)
1.5 Spectral Analysis
6(3)
1.6 Scaling Spectral Analysis
9(2)
1.7 Nonstationary Gravity and Magnetic Profiles
11(2)
1.8 Field Example: Kuppam--Palani, South India
13(5)
1.9 Characterization of Time Series for Fractal Behavior
18(1)
1.10 Simulation of One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Fractal Time/Space Series
18(5)
1.11 Examples: Synthesis of Fractal Time Series
23(1)
1.12 Fractal Dimension and Design of Geophysical Surveys
23(4)
1.13 Conclusion
27(2)
2 Structural Modeling Using Fractals
29(18)
2.1 Introduction
29(1)
2.2 Tessellation
29(2)
2.3 Automated Perturbation of Model: Some Synthetic Examples
31(8)
2.4 Computation of Gravity Response: A Case Study
39(4)
2.5 Conclusion
43(4)
3 Fractal Inversion
47(18)
3.1 Introduction
47(2)
3.2 Seismic Inversion
49(2)
3.3 Generation of Fractal-Based Initial Model
51(2)
3.4 Very Fast Simulated Annealing
53(2)
3.5 Stochastic Inversion
55(2)
3.6 Deterministic Inversion
57(2)
3.7 Analysis of Results
59(2)
3.8 Conclusion
61(4)
4 Seismic Reservoir Monitoring
65(24)
4.1 Introduction
65(1)
4.2 Rock Physics Study
66(3)
4.3 Changes Due to Pressure
69(4)
4.4 Acquisition of 4D Seismic Data
73(2)
4.5 Repeatability
75(2)
4.6 Processing of 4D Seismic Data
77(1)
4.7 Analysis of 4D Seismic Data
77(5)
4.8 Poststack Versus Prestack Analysis
82(2)
4.9 Fractal-Based 4D Inversion
84(3)
4.10 Time-Lapse Amplitude vs Offset AVO: Distinguish Between Pressure and Saturation Changes
87(1)
4.11 Conclusion with Limitations and Challenges in Time-Lapse Study
87(2)
5 Reservoir Geophysics: Some Basic Concepts
89(30)
5.1 Introduction
89(1)
5.2 Hydrocarbon Reservoir
89(3)
5.3 Reservoir Rock Properties
92(5)
5.4 Fractal Porosity
97(3)
5.5 Permeability
100(8)
5.6 Reservoir Rock Capillary Properties
108(3)
5.7 Properties of Reservoir Fluids
111(7)
5.8 Conclusion
118(1)
6 Fluid Flow and Recovery
119(30)
6.1 Introduction
119(1)
6.2 Fluid Flow in the Reservoir
119(3)
6.3 Fractal Behavior of Flow and Media
122(3)
6.4 Oil Recovery
125(2)
6.5 Material Balance Equations
127(5)
6.6 Mechanism of Secondary Recovery
132(1)
6.7 Water Alternating Gas (CO2) Injection
132(4)
6.8 Numerical Reservoir Simulation: An Overview
136(11)
6.9 Advantages and Disadvantages of Reservoir Simulation
147(1)
6.10 Conclusion
147(2)
References 149(10)
Index 159
Dr. Vijay Prasad Dimri completed his post-graduation and PhD from the Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad. He joined the National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), where he was the Director from 2001-2010. He was also previously the Director of GERMI, Gandhinagar, Gujarat and CSIR-Distinguished Scientist in CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad. He was a post-doctoral Fellow in Norway (1986-88) and held the Senior DAAD Fellowship (2001). He was also Adjunct Professor of the University of Hyderabad; IIT, Kharagpur; and Honorary Professor of Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. He has about 125 international and national publications, three filed patents, and nine authored/edited books. Dr. Dimri has received the PadmaShri award in 2010 from the Govt. of India. He is the first Asian recipient of the prestigious Lorenz Award of the American Geophysical Union. He also received Axford Lecture Award in 2010 from Asia Oceania Geosciences Society, Singapore. Dr. Ravi Prakash Srivastava is a Scientist for CSIR, National Geophysical Research Institute. He has more than 10 years of research experience in processing and interpretation of geophysical data. Currently, he works on the simulation of reservoir models using geophysical and geological and petrophysical data. He is a co-project leader of the Indo-Norwegian project on Reservoir modelling and simulation study for enhanced oil recovery using gas injection.” His research interests include the application of fractals in modelling of complex geological structures, inversion of geophysical data, and reservoir modelling and simulation. He has received the National Geoscience Award in 2012, the CSIR Young Scientist Award in 2010, and the Indian Science Congress Association Young Scientist Award in 2008. Nimisha Vedanti is a Principal Scientist for CSIR-NGRI and received an M.Sc.Tech (2000) in Exploration Geophysics from Banaras Hindu University, India and Ph.D. (2007) from Osmania University while working at CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, India. She held a postdoctoral position (2007-2008) at the University of Texas at Austin, USA under the BOYSCAST fellowship of the Govt. of India. She worked as a visiting scientist at the Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Canada, SINTEF Petroleum Research, Trondheim, Norway and Department of Geoscience & Petroleum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim Norway. Dr. Vedanti is a recipient of the Krishnan Gold Medal-2017 (Indian Geophysical Union), K.R. Gupta Award (2015) of the Geological Society of India, National Geoscience Award (2012), CSIR-Young Scientist Award (2009) and Indian Science Congress Association -Young Scientist Award (2008). Her primary research interests are hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir geophysics, which includes seismic data analysis, reservoir monitoring and geophysical inversion.
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