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E-raamat: FreeBSD Device Drivers

4.00/5 (18 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)

Joseph Kong

Formaat: EPUB+DRM
Ilmumisaeg: 12-May-2012
Kirjastus: No Starch Press,US
Keel: eng
ISBN-13: 9781593274368

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BSD / FreeBSD

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Formaat: EPUB+DRM
Ilmumisaeg: 12-May-2012
Kirjastus: No Starch Press,US
Keel: eng
ISBN-13: 9781593274368

Teised raamatud teemal:

BSD / FreeBSD

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Instructs readers on how to develop device drivers for the FreeBSD operating system, providing coverage of topics ranging from running modules and allocating memory to using control device communication and managing hardware resources, in a guide that also explains how to write PCI, SCSI and USB device drivers. Original.

Device drivers make it possible for your software to communicate with your hardware, and because every operating system has specific requirements, driver writing is nontrivial. When developing for FreeBSD, you've probably had to scour the Internet and dig through the kernel sources to figure out how to write the drivers you need. Thankfully, that stops now.

In FreeBSD Device Drivers, Joseph Kong will teach you how to master everything from the basics of building and running loadable kernel modules to more complicated topics like thread synchronization. After a crash course in the different FreeBSD driver frameworks, extensive tutorial sections dissect real-world drivers like the parallel port printer driver.

You'll learn:

All about Newbus, the infrastructure used by FreeBSD to manage the hardware devices on your system

How to work with ISA, PCI, USB, and other buses

The best ways to control and communicate with the hardware devices from user space

How to use Direct Memory Access (DMA) for maximum system performance

The inner workings of the virtual null modem terminal driver, the USB printer driver, the Intel PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter driver, and other important drivers

How to use Common Access Method (CAM) to manage host bus adapters (HBAs)

Concise descriptions and extensive annotations walk you through the many code examples. Don't waste time searching man pages or digging through the kernel sources to figure out how to make that arcane bit of hardware work with your system. FreeBSD Device Drivers gives you the framework that you need to write any driver you want, now.

Device drivers make it possible for your software to communicate with your hardware, and because every operating system has specific requirements, driver writing is nontrivial. When developing for FreeBSD, you've probably had to scour the Internet and dig through the kernel sources to figure out how to write the drivers you need. Thankfully, that stops now. In FreeBSD Device Drivers, Joseph Kong will teach you how to master everything from the basics of building and running loadable kernel modules to more complicated topics like thread synchronization. After a crash course in the different FreeBSD driver frameworks, extensive tutorial sections dissect real-world drivers like the parallel port printer driver.

You'll learn:

All about Newbus, the infrastructure used by FreeBSD to manage the hardware devices on your system
How to work with ISA, PCI, USB, and other buses
The best ways to control and communicate with the hardware devices from user space
How to use Direct Memory Access (DMA) for maximum system performance
The inner workings of the virtual null modem terminal driver, the USB printer driver, the Intel PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter driver, and other important drivers
How to use Common Access Method (CAM) to manage host bus adapters (HBAs)

Concise descriptions and extensive annotations walk you through the many code examples. Don't waste time searching man pages or digging through the kernel sources to figure out how to make that arcane bit of hardware work with your system. FreeBSD Device Drivers gives you the framework that you need to write any driver you want, now.

Arvustused

"At last, a definitive and authoritative book on FreeBSD device drivers! Kong's clear mastery of his subject shines through every page." Michael Lucas, FreeBSD committer and author of Absolute FreeBSD

"FreeBSD Device Drivers is an excellent guide to the APIs used to write a device driver for FreeBSD." John Baldwin, Kernel Developer, FreeBSD

"I'd recommend the book for anybody that needs an introduction to drivers. The walk throughs will get people up to speed, as well as introduce many of the uniquely FreeBSD quirks one needs to know to integrate with FreeBSD." Warner Losh, FreeBSD core team

"I am pleased to see No Starch provide a forum for books like this. They continue to produce high-quality works that read well and address subjects seldom found elsewhere." Richard Bejtlich, CSO of Mandiant & Founder of TaoSecurity

"I like this book. It fills a definite need, and does it well." Warren Block, FreeBSD committer

"This book is definitely a must have for anybody interested in how FreeBSD device drivers are designed, not to mention those who are interested in writing their very own ones for the FreeBSD operating system!" Romain Tartičre, FreeBSD ports committer

"This book is a no nonsense, straight to the point document that helps you get to the content quickly." BeginLinux.com

"Definitely an excellent book with all the information youll need to start developing your own FreeBSD device drivers." xorl

"Strikes a pretty good balance for its stated purpose. Its mostly 'just the facts maam' style works well, but it provides plenty of references for those wanting more detail or background. This is definitely worth a read if device drivers in FreeBSD are something you need or want to know about." Simon Gerraty, FreeBSD Journal

About The Author And The Technical Reviewer

xvii

Foreword

xix

John Baldwin

Acknowledgments

xxi

Introduction

xxiii

Who Is This Book For?

xxiii

Prerequisites

xxiv

Contents at a Glance

xxiv

Welcome Aboard!

xxv

1 Building And Running Modules

(16)

Types of Device Drivers

(1)

Loadable Kernel Modules

(3)

Module Event Handler

(1)

DECLARE_MODULE Macro

(2)

Hello, world!

(1)

Compiling and Loading

(1)

Character Drivers

(3)

d foo Functions

(1)

Character Device Switch Table

(1)

make_dev and destroy_dev Functions

(1)

Mostly Harmless

(5)

echo write Function

(1)

echo_read Function

(1)

echo modevent Function

(1)

DEV_MODULE Macro

(1)

Don't Panic

(1)

Block Drivers Are Gone

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

2 Allocating Memory

(10)

Memory Management Routines

(2)

malloc_iype Structures

(1)

MALLOC DEFINE Macro

(1)

MALLOC_DECIARE Macro

(1)

Tying Everything Together

(2)

Contiguous Physical Memory Management Routines

(1)

A Straightforward Example

(2)

Conclusion

(2)

3 Device Communication And Control

(26)

ioctl

(1)

Defining ioctl Commands

(1)

Implementing ioctl

(7)

echo_write Function

(1)

echo_set_buffer_size Function

(1)

echo_ioctl Function

(1)

echo_modevent Function

(1)

Don't Panic

(1)

Invoking ioctl

(3)

sysctl

(1)

Implementing sysctls, Part 1

(3)

sysctl Context Management Routines

(1)

Creating Dynamic sysctls

(3)

SYSCTL_STATIC_CHILDREN Macro

(1)

SYSCTL_CHILDREN Macro

(1)

Implementing sysctls, Part 2

(5)

sysctl_set_buffer_size Function

(2)

Don't Panic

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

4 Thread Synchronization

(30)

A Simple Synchronization Problem

(1)

A More Complex Synchronization Problem

(11)

race_new Function

(1)

race_find Function

(1)

race_destroy Function

(1)

race_ioctl Function

(1)

race_modevent Function

(1)

The Root of the Problem

(4)

Preventing Race Conditions

(1)

Mutexes

(1)

Spin Mutexes

(1)

Sleep Mutexes

(1)

Mutex Management Routines

(2)

Implementing Mutexes

(5)

race modevent Function

(1)

Don't Panic

(1)

Shared/Exclusive Locks

(1)

Shared/Exclusive Lock Management Routines

(2)

Implementing Shared/Exclusive Locks

(3)

Reader/Writer Locks

(1)

Reader/Writer Lock Management Routines

(1)

Condition Variables

(1)

Condition Variable Management Routines

(1)

General Guidelines

(1)

Avoid Recursing on Exclusive Locks

(1)

Avoid Holding Exclusive Locks for Long Periods of Time

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

5 Delaying Execution

(16)

Voluntary Context Switching, or Sleeping

(2)

Implementing Sleeps and Condition Variables

(7)

sleep_modevent Function

(1)

load Function

(1)

sleep_thread Function

(1)

sysctl_debug_sleep_test Function

(1)

unload Function

(1)

Don't Panic

(1)

Kernel Event Handlers

(2)

Callouts

(2)

Callouts and Race Conditions

(1)

Taskqueues

(2)

Global Taskqueues

(1)

Taskqueue Management Routines

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

6 Case Study: Virtual Null Modem

(14)

Prerequisites

100

(1)

Code Analysis

100

(12)

nmdm_modevent Function

103

(1)

nmdm_clone Function

104

(1)

nmdm_alloc Function

105

(1)

nmdm_outwakeup Function

106

(1)

nmdm_taskity Function

106

(2)

nmdm_inwakeup Function

108

(1)

nmdm_modem Function

108

(1)

nmdm_param Function

109

(2)

nmdm_timeout Function

111

(1)

bits_per_char Function

111

(1)

Don't Panic

112

(1)

Conclusion

112

(1)

7 Newbus And Resource Allocation

113

(12)

Autoconfiguration and Newbus Drivers

113

(4)

device_foo Functions

114

(1)

Device Method Table

115

(1)

DRIVER MODULE Macro

116

(1)

Tying Everything Together

117

(5)

foo_pci_probe Function

120

(1)

foo_pci_attach Function

120

(1)

d_foo Functions

121

(1)

foo_pci_detach Function

121

(1)

Don't Panic

122

(1)

Hardware Resource Management

122

(2)

Conclusion

124

(1)

8 Interrupt Handling

125

(16)

Registering an Interrupt Handler

125

(1)

Interrupt Handlers in FreeBSD

126

(1)

Implementing an Interrupt Handler

127

(11)

pint_identify Function

132

(1)

pint_probe Function

132

(1)

pint_attach Function

133

(1)

pint_detach Function

134

(1)

pint_open Function

134

(1)

pint_close Function

135

(1)

pint write Function

136

(1)

pint_read Function

136

(1)

pint intr Function

137

(1)

Don't Panic

138

(1)

Generating Interrupts on the Parallel Port

138

(1)

Conclusion

139

(2)

9 Case Study: Parallel Port Printer Driver

141

(24)

Code Analysis

141

(22)

lpt_identify Function

146

(1)

lpt_probe Function

146

(1)

lpt_detect Function

147

(1)

lpt_port test Function

148

(1)

lpt_attach Function

148

(2)

lpt_detach Function

150

(1)

lpt_open Function

151

(2)

lpt_read Function

153

(1)

lpt_write Function

154

(2)

lpt_intr Function

156

(2)

lpt_timeout Function

158

(1)

lpt_push_bytes Function

158

(1)

lpt_close Function

159

(1)

lpt_ioctl Function

160

(2)

lpt_request ppbus Function

162

(1)

lpt_release_ppbus Function

162

(1)

Conclusion

163

(2)

10 Managing And Using Resources

165

(18)

I/O Ports and I/O Memory

165

(7)

Reading from I/O Ports and I/O Memory

166

(1)

Writing to I/O Ports and I/O Memory

167

(2)

Stream Operations

169

(3)

Memory Barriers

172

(1)

Tying Everything Together

172

(10)

led_identify Function

177

(1)

led_probe Function

177

(1)

led_attach Function

178

(1)

led_detach Function

178

(1)

led_open Function

179

(1)

led_close Function

180

(1)

led_read Function

180

(1)

led_write Function

181

(1)

Conclusion

182

(1)

11 Case Study: Intelligent Platform Management Interface Driver

183

(10)

Code Analysis

183

(8)

ipmi_pci_probe Function

185

(1)

ipmi_pci_match Function

186

(1)

ipmi_pci_attach Function

187

(2)

ipmi2_pci_probe Function

189

(1)

ipmi2_pci_attach Function

189

(2)

Conclusion

191

(2)

12 Direct Memory Access

193

(14)

Implementing DMA

194

(3)

Initiating a DMA Data Transfer

196

(1)

Dismantling DMA

196

(1)

Creating DMA Tags

197

(1)

Tearing Down DMA Tags

198

(1)

DMA Map Management Routines, Part 1

199

(1)

Loading (DMA) Buffers into DMA Maps

199

(3)

bus_dma_segment Structures

199

(1)

bus_dmamap_load Function

200

(1)

bus_dmamap_load_mbuf Function

201

(1)

bus_dmamap_load_mbuf sg Function

201

(1)

bus_dmamap_load_uio Function

202

(1)

bus dmamap_unload Function

202

(1)

DMA Map Management Routines, Part 2

202

(1)

A Straightforward Example

203

(2)

Synchronizing DMA Buffers

205

(1)

Conclusion

205

(2)

13 Storage Drivers

207

(18)

disk Structures

207

(3)

Descriptive Fields

208

(1)

Storage Device Methods

209

(1)

Mandatory Media Properties

209

(1)

Optional Media Properties

209

(1)

Driver Private Data

210

(1)

disk Structure Management Routines

210

(1)

Block I/O Structures

210

(2)

Block I/O Queues

212

(1)

Tying Everything Together

213

(10)

at45d_attach Function

217

(1)

at45d_delayed attach Function

218

(1)

ati5d_get_info—Function

219

(1)

at45d_wait_for_device_ready Function

220

(1)

at45d_get status Function

220

(1)

at45d_strategy Function

221

(1)

at45d_task Function

221

(2)

Block I/O Completion Routines

223

(1)

Conclusion

223

(2)

14 Common Access Method

225

(32)

How CAM Works

226

(1)

A (Somewhat) Simple Example

227

(15)

mfip_attach Function

234

(1)

mfip_detach Function

235

(1)

mfip_action Function

236

(2)

mfip_poll Function

238

(1)

mfip_start Function

238

(2)

mfip_clone Function

240

(2)

SIM Registration Routines

242

(1)

cam_simq_alloc Function

242

(1)

cam_sim_alloc Function

242

(1)

xpt_bus_register Function

243

(1)

Action Routines

243

(12)

XPT PATH INQ

243

(2)

XPT_RESET BUS

245

(1)

XPT_GET TRAN_SETTINGS

246

(3)

XPT_SET_TRAN_SETTINGS

249

(1)

XPT_SCSI_IO

250

(5)

XPT_RESa_DEV

255

(1)

Conclusion

255

(2)

15 USB Drivers

257

(26)

About USB Devices

257

(1)

More About USB Devices

258

(1)

USB Configuration Structures

259

(3)

Mandatory Fields

260

(1)

Optional Fields

260

(1)

USB Transfer Flags

261

(1)

USB Transfers (in FreeBSD)

262

(2)

USB Configuration Structure Management Routines

264

(1)

USB Methods Structure

265

(1)

Tying Everything Together

266

(16)

ulpt_probe Function

270

(1)

ulpt_attach Function

271

(2)

ulpt_detach Function

273

(1)

ulpt-open Function

273

(1)

ulpt_reset Function

274

(1)

unlpt_open Function

275

(1)

ulpt_close Function

276

(1)

ulpt_ioctl Function

276

(1)

ulpt_watchdog Function

277

(1)

ulpt_start_read Function

277

(1)

ulpt_stop_read Function

278

(1)

ulpt_start_write Function

278

(1)

ulpt_stop_write Function

278

(1)

ulpt_write_callback Function

279

(1)

ulpt_read_callback Function

280

(1)

ulpt_status_callback Function

281

(1)

Conclusion

282

(1)

16 Network Drivers, Part 1: Data Structures

283

(16)

Network Interface Structures

283

(3)

Network Interface Structure Management Routines

286

(3)

ether_ifattach Function

287

(1)

ether_ifdetach Function

288

(1)

Network Interface Media Structures

289

(1)

Network Interface Media Structure Management Routines

289

(2)

Hello, worldI

291

(2)

mbuf Structures

293

(1)

Message Signaled Interrupts

294

(1)

Implementing MSI

294

(3)

MSI Management Routines

297

(1)

Conclusion

297

(2)

17 Network Drivers, Part 2: Packet Reception And Transmission

299

(10)

Packet Reception

299

(5)

em_rxeof Function

300

(3)

em_handle_rx Function

303

(1)

Packet Transmission

304

(3)

em_start_locked Function

304

(1)

em_txeof Function

305

(2)

Post Packet Transmission

307

(1)

Conclusion

308

(1)

References

309

(2)

Index

311

The author of Designing BSD Rootkits (No Starch Press), Joseph Kong works on information security, operating system theory, reverse code engineering, and vulnerability assessment. Kong is a former system administrator for the City of Toronto.

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E-raamat: FreeBSD Device Drivers

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